Books by Pamela O Long
Tra la catastrofica inondazione del Tevere del 1557 e la morte del “papa ingegnere” Sisto V nel 1... more Tra la catastrofica inondazione del Tevere del 1557 e la morte del “papa ingegnere” Sisto V nel 1590, la città di Roma venne trasformata da un’intensa attività edilizia e da progetti ingegneristici di ogni tipo. Il volume conduce il lettore fra le strade e le piazze della Roma del tardo Rinascimento, ricostruendo i saperi e le pratiche che vi presero forma e analizzando i processi e le principali figure implicate nei progetti infrastrutturali: fognature, riparazione dei ponti, prevenzione delle inondazioni, costruzione degli acquedotti e di nuove strade rettilinee, fino allo spostamento degli antichi obelischi egizi portati in città ai tempi dell’Impero.
Il ritratto di Roma nella prima età moderna tracciato dall’autrice mette in luce i rapporti di intenso scambio tra figure di estrazione diversissima, che si confrontavano sui grandi problemi ingegneristici e infrastrutturali: medici, amministratori, giuristi, cardinali, papi ed ecclesiastici dialogavano con pittori, scultori, architetti, stampatori e altri professionisti per far rivivere la Roma antica e ricostruire la città moderna.
University of Chicago Press, 2018
Between the catastrophic flood of the Tiber River in 1557 and the death of the “engineering pope... more Between the catastrophic flood of the Tiber River in 1557 and the death of the “engineering pope” Sixtus V in 1590, the city of Rome was transformed by intense activity involving building construction and engineering projects of all kinds. Using hundreds of archival documents and primary sources, Engineering the Eternal City explores the processes and people involved in these infrastructure projects—sewers, bridge repair, flood prevention, aqueduct construction, the building of new, straight streets, and even the relocation of immensely heavy ancient Egyptian obelisks that Roman emperors had carried to the city centuries before.
This portrait of an early modern Rome examines the many conflicts, failures, and successes that shaped the city, as decision-makers tried to control not only Rome’s structures and infrastructures but also the people who lived there. Taking up visual images of the city created during the same period—most importantly in maps and urban representations, this book shows how in a time before the development of modern professionalism and modern bureaucracies, there was far more wide-ranging conversation among people of various backgrounds on issues of engineering and infrastructure than there is in our own times. Physicians, civic leaders, jurists, cardinals, popes, and clerics engaged with painters, sculptors, architects, printers, and other practitioners as they discussed, argued, and completed the projects that remade Rome.
Oregon State University Press, 2011
This book provides the historical background for a central issue in the history of science: the i... more This book provides the historical background for a central issue in the history of science: the influence of artisans, craftsmen, and other practitioners on the emergent empirical methodologies that characterized the “new sciences” of the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Pamela Long offers a coherent account and critical revision of the “Zilsel thesis,” an influential etiological narrative that claims these craftsmen were instrumental in bringing about the “Scientific Revolution.”
Artisan/Practitioners reassesses the issue of artisanal influence from three different perspectives: the perceived relationships between art and nature; the Vitruvian architectural tradition with its appreciation of both theory and practice; and the development of “trading zones”—arenas in which artisans and learned men communicated in substantive ways. These complex social and intellectual developments, the book argues, underlay the development of the empirical sciences.
This volume provides new discussion and synthesis of a theory that encompasses broad developments in European history and study of the natural world. It will be a valuable resource for college-level teaching, and for scholars and others interested in the history of science, late medieval and early modern European history, and the Scientific Revolution.
The Book of Michael of Rhodes, 2009
This three volume facsimile edition and translation is winner of the Eugene S. Ferguson Prize fro... more This three volume facsimile edition and translation is winner of the Eugene S. Ferguson Prize from the Society for the History of Technology and the J. Franklin Jameson Prize of the American Historical Association. This is vol. 3 of a three volume edition edited by Pamela O. Long, David McGee, and Alan Stahl, and published by MIT Press. Michael of Rhodes started out as an oarsman on a Venetian galley and worked his way up to various officer positions. He wrote a book in the 1430s- a fascinating compendium of mathematics, shipbuilding, an autobiographical list of voyages, medicinal material, calendars, and a portolan
Nearly every empire worthy of the name—from ancient Rome to the United States—has sought an Egypt... more Nearly every empire worthy of the name—from ancient Rome to the United States—has sought an Egyptian obelisk to place in the center of a ceremonial space. Obelisks—giant standing stones, invented in Ancient Egypt as sacred objects—serve no practical purpose. For much of their history their inscriptions, in Egyptian hieroglyphics, were completely inscrutable. Yet over the centuries dozens of obelisks have made the voyage from Egypt to Rome, Constantinople, and Florence; to Paris, London, and New York. New obelisks and even obelisk-shaped buildings rose as well—the Washington Monument being a noted example. Obelisks, everyone seems to sense, connote some very special sort of power. This beautifully illustrated book traces the fate and many meanings of obelisks across nearly forty centuries—what they meant to the Egyptians, and how other cultures have borrowed, interpreted, understood, and misunderstood them through the years. In each culture obelisks have taken on new meanings and associations. To the Egyptians, the obelisk was the symbol of a pharaoh's right to rule and connection to the divine. In ancient Rome, obelisks were the embodiment of Rome's coming of age as an empire. To nineteenth-century New Yorkers, the obelisk in Central Park stood for their country's rejection of the trappings of empire just as it was itself beginning to acquire imperial power. And to a twentieth-century reader of Freud, the obelisk had anatomical and psychological connotations. The history of obelisks is a story of technical achievement, imperial conquest, Christian piety and triumphalism, egotism, scholarly brilliance, political hubris, bigoted nationalism, democratic self-assurance, Modernist austerity, and Hollywood kitsch—in short, the story of Western civilization.
Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001
Winner of The Morris D. Forkosch Prize from the Journal of the History of Ideas.
In today's worl... more Winner of The Morris D. Forkosch Prize from the Journal of the History of Ideas.
In today's world of intellectual property disputes, industrial espionage, and book signings by famous authors, one easily loses sight of the historical nature of the attribution and ownership of texts. In Openness, Secrecy, Authorship: Technical Arts and the Culture of Knowledge from Antiquity to the Renaissance, Pamela Long combines intellectual history with the history of science and technology to explore the culture of authorship. Using classical Greek as well as medieval and Renaissance European examples, Long traces the definitions, limitations, and traditions of intellectual and scientific creation and attribution. She examines these attitudes as they pertain to the technical and the practical. Although Long's study follows a chronological development, this is not merely a general work. Long is able to examine events and sources within their historical context and locale. By looking at Aristotelian ideas of Praxis, Techne, and Episteme. She explains the tension between craft and ideas, authors and producers. She discusses, with solid research and clear prose, the rise, wane, and resurgence of priority in the crediting and lionizing of authors. Long illuminates the creation and re-creation of ideas like "trade secrets," "plagiarism," "mechanical arts," and "scribal culture." Her historical study complicates prevailing assumptions while inviting a closer look at issues that define so much of our society and thought to this day. She argues that "a useful working definition of authorship permits a gradation of meaning between the poles of authority and originality," and guides us through the term's nuances with clarity rarely matched in a historical study.
Translations by Pamela O Long
Waters of Rome, No. 11, 2020
Waters of Rome, No. 8, 2015
Articles by Pamela O Long
Matteo Valleriani, ed. Structures of Practical Knowledge, 2017
This essay focuses on the multi-variant careers of five individuals, most from practical and tech... more This essay focuses on the multi-variant careers of five individuals, most from practical and technical backgrounds, all of whom worked in a variety of occupations in the city of Rome in the late sixteenth century. Its goal is to investigate the working lives of these men and their friendships and the communicative networks within which they participated. This paper explores their practices as they were involved in trading zones-arenas of substantive communication between individuals from skilled (apprentice-ship trained) and learned (university trained) backgrounds. It suggests that such trading zones between the skilled and the learned were also characterized by a certain fluidity of occupation and self-identification and that this fluidity contributed to the elision of the boundaries between the two groups. It thereby contributes to the long-standing and ongoing discussion concerning the relationships of artisanal and learned cultures in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and the influence of those relationships on the development of new empirical methodologies. In a recent publication, I have used the concept of "trading zones" to suggest that in the sixteenth century, there was increasing substantive communication between learned people who knew Latin and had studied in a university, and practitioners who through apprenticeship or on-the-job training possessed practical skills such as surveying, and other skills involving practical mathematics, the making and use of instruments, building construction, hydraulic engineering, and the like.
Isis, 2015
This essay adopts the concept of trading zones first developed for the history of science by Pete... more This essay adopts the concept of trading zones first developed for the history of science by Peter Galison and redefines it for the early modern period. The term " trading zones " is used to mean arenas in which substantive and reciprocal communication occurred between individuals who were artisanally trained and learned (university-trained) individuals. Such trading zones proliferated in the sixteenth century. They tended to arise in certain kinds of places and not in others, but their existence must be determined empirically. The author's work on trading zones differs from the ideas of Edgar Zilsel, who emphasized the influence of artisans on the scientific revolution. In contrast, in this essay, the mutual influence of artisans and the learned on each other is stressed, and translation is used as a modality that was important to communication within trading zones.
In M. P. Donato and J. Kraye, eds. Conflicting Duties: Science, Medicine, and Religion in Rome, 1550-1750, 2009
Renaissance Quarterly, 2008
This article investigates the relationships between hydraulic engineering and antiquarian studies... more This article investigates the relationships between hydraulic engineering and antiquarian studies in Rome in the long decade between the devastating Tiber River flood of 1557 and the completion of the repair of an ancient aqueduct, the Acqua Vergine, in 1570. The essay focuses on the physician Andrea Bacci (1524–1600), the engineer Antonio Trevisi (d. 1566), the jurist and Roman magistrate Luca Peto (1512–81), and the antiquarian Pirro Ligorio (ca. 1510–83). These individuals from both learned and practical backgrounds approached urgent problems of hydraulic engineering by studying ancient texts and artifacts, and they proposed solutions that were influenced by their study. This confluence of antiquarian study and engineering contributed to the development of empirical methodologies in the late Renaissance by making engineering part of a learned discourse.
History and Technology, 2000
History and Technology, 1994
Technology and Culture, 1991
Technology and Culture, 1991
Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 1985
Essays by Pamela O Long
Technology and Culture, 2015
This is a printed version of Pamela O. Long's talk at the 2014 Society for the History of Technol... more This is a printed version of Pamela O. Long's talk at the 2014 Society for the History of Technology annual meeting, on the occasion of receiving the Leonardo da Vinci award. It provides a synoptic intellectual autobiography of the author, treating the development of her work on Vitruvianism, ideas concerning contextualism, some of the scholars that have most influenced her work, and her project on engineering in sixteenth-century Rome.
Technology and Culture, 2010
.
Uploads
Books by Pamela O Long
Il ritratto di Roma nella prima età moderna tracciato dall’autrice mette in luce i rapporti di intenso scambio tra figure di estrazione diversissima, che si confrontavano sui grandi problemi ingegneristici e infrastrutturali: medici, amministratori, giuristi, cardinali, papi ed ecclesiastici dialogavano con pittori, scultori, architetti, stampatori e altri professionisti per far rivivere la Roma antica e ricostruire la città moderna.
This portrait of an early modern Rome examines the many conflicts, failures, and successes that shaped the city, as decision-makers tried to control not only Rome’s structures and infrastructures but also the people who lived there. Taking up visual images of the city created during the same period—most importantly in maps and urban representations, this book shows how in a time before the development of modern professionalism and modern bureaucracies, there was far more wide-ranging conversation among people of various backgrounds on issues of engineering and infrastructure than there is in our own times. Physicians, civic leaders, jurists, cardinals, popes, and clerics engaged with painters, sculptors, architects, printers, and other practitioners as they discussed, argued, and completed the projects that remade Rome.
Artisan/Practitioners reassesses the issue of artisanal influence from three different perspectives: the perceived relationships between art and nature; the Vitruvian architectural tradition with its appreciation of both theory and practice; and the development of “trading zones”—arenas in which artisans and learned men communicated in substantive ways. These complex social and intellectual developments, the book argues, underlay the development of the empirical sciences.
This volume provides new discussion and synthesis of a theory that encompasses broad developments in European history and study of the natural world. It will be a valuable resource for college-level teaching, and for scholars and others interested in the history of science, late medieval and early modern European history, and the Scientific Revolution.
In today's world of intellectual property disputes, industrial espionage, and book signings by famous authors, one easily loses sight of the historical nature of the attribution and ownership of texts. In Openness, Secrecy, Authorship: Technical Arts and the Culture of Knowledge from Antiquity to the Renaissance, Pamela Long combines intellectual history with the history of science and technology to explore the culture of authorship. Using classical Greek as well as medieval and Renaissance European examples, Long traces the definitions, limitations, and traditions of intellectual and scientific creation and attribution. She examines these attitudes as they pertain to the technical and the practical. Although Long's study follows a chronological development, this is not merely a general work. Long is able to examine events and sources within their historical context and locale. By looking at Aristotelian ideas of Praxis, Techne, and Episteme. She explains the tension between craft and ideas, authors and producers. She discusses, with solid research and clear prose, the rise, wane, and resurgence of priority in the crediting and lionizing of authors. Long illuminates the creation and re-creation of ideas like "trade secrets," "plagiarism," "mechanical arts," and "scribal culture." Her historical study complicates prevailing assumptions while inviting a closer look at issues that define so much of our society and thought to this day. She argues that "a useful working definition of authorship permits a gradation of meaning between the poles of authority and originality," and guides us through the term's nuances with clarity rarely matched in a historical study.
Translations by Pamela O Long
Articles by Pamela O Long
Essays by Pamela O Long
Il ritratto di Roma nella prima età moderna tracciato dall’autrice mette in luce i rapporti di intenso scambio tra figure di estrazione diversissima, che si confrontavano sui grandi problemi ingegneristici e infrastrutturali: medici, amministratori, giuristi, cardinali, papi ed ecclesiastici dialogavano con pittori, scultori, architetti, stampatori e altri professionisti per far rivivere la Roma antica e ricostruire la città moderna.
This portrait of an early modern Rome examines the many conflicts, failures, and successes that shaped the city, as decision-makers tried to control not only Rome’s structures and infrastructures but also the people who lived there. Taking up visual images of the city created during the same period—most importantly in maps and urban representations, this book shows how in a time before the development of modern professionalism and modern bureaucracies, there was far more wide-ranging conversation among people of various backgrounds on issues of engineering and infrastructure than there is in our own times. Physicians, civic leaders, jurists, cardinals, popes, and clerics engaged with painters, sculptors, architects, printers, and other practitioners as they discussed, argued, and completed the projects that remade Rome.
Artisan/Practitioners reassesses the issue of artisanal influence from three different perspectives: the perceived relationships between art and nature; the Vitruvian architectural tradition with its appreciation of both theory and practice; and the development of “trading zones”—arenas in which artisans and learned men communicated in substantive ways. These complex social and intellectual developments, the book argues, underlay the development of the empirical sciences.
This volume provides new discussion and synthesis of a theory that encompasses broad developments in European history and study of the natural world. It will be a valuable resource for college-level teaching, and for scholars and others interested in the history of science, late medieval and early modern European history, and the Scientific Revolution.
In today's world of intellectual property disputes, industrial espionage, and book signings by famous authors, one easily loses sight of the historical nature of the attribution and ownership of texts. In Openness, Secrecy, Authorship: Technical Arts and the Culture of Knowledge from Antiquity to the Renaissance, Pamela Long combines intellectual history with the history of science and technology to explore the culture of authorship. Using classical Greek as well as medieval and Renaissance European examples, Long traces the definitions, limitations, and traditions of intellectual and scientific creation and attribution. She examines these attitudes as they pertain to the technical and the practical. Although Long's study follows a chronological development, this is not merely a general work. Long is able to examine events and sources within their historical context and locale. By looking at Aristotelian ideas of Praxis, Techne, and Episteme. She explains the tension between craft and ideas, authors and producers. She discusses, with solid research and clear prose, the rise, wane, and resurgence of priority in the crediting and lionizing of authors. Long illuminates the creation and re-creation of ideas like "trade secrets," "plagiarism," "mechanical arts," and "scribal culture." Her historical study complicates prevailing assumptions while inviting a closer look at issues that define so much of our society and thought to this day. She argues that "a useful working definition of authorship permits a gradation of meaning between the poles of authority and originality," and guides us through the term's nuances with clarity rarely matched in a historical study.