Cihan Bayrakdar

Kackar Mountain, which is located in the highest part of East Black Sea Mountains with the height of 3932 m, has quite rough topography due to neotectonic activity in east pontid zone. Kackar Mountain was affected from the Pleistocene glaciations and especially it has typical glacial erosion and deposition landforms based on last glaciations occurred nearly 18,500 years ago. These landforms are typical examples of glacial topography in Turkey and they have not been damaged. Nevertheless, this area contains glacial, periglacial and fluvial topography together as polycyclic and polygenic character. Although these factors and processes effected to north and south slopes of Kackar Mountain are the same, glacial and periglacial landforms in both sides developed in different sizes and characters due to aspect effect. The main goal of the study is to expose the effect of aspect in development of glacial and periglacial topography at the north and south slopes of Kackar Mountain. For this p...

The Yesil Gol landslide is at an elevation of 2000 m and situated on the eastern slope of Akdag Massive, Western Mediterranean region. In spite of many landslides area on the south and east of slope, Yesil Gol landslide is the only one which has a lake behind earth materials. This lake which is fed by karstic water sources and has a karstic outlet which is away from the outer rim of the lake has been preserved so far. In this study, fieldwork studies, Geographic Information Systems, remote sensing methods, spatial and morphometric analysis were used in order to put forward the evolution of Yesil Gol landslide. As a result of this analyses, it is inferred that Yesil Gol landslide occurred planar sliding style along a vertical slip fault’s plane on the contact zone of limestone-conglomerate and claystone. The formation of the lake was achieved by the Yesil Gol landslide that was primary landslide and secondary landslide that occurred through rock avalanche on the primary landslide. Ke...

Tekeli Dagi, Orta Karadeniz, Dogu Karadeniz ve Yukari Kizilirmak bolumlerinin kesisme noktasinda 2649 m zirveye sahip bir dagdir. Tekeli Dagi, kuzeyde 550 m seviyelerindeki Kelkit tektonik vadisi ile guneyde 1300 m seviyelerindeki Kizilirmak vadisi arasinda yer alan Tokat Masifi uzerinde Permiyen mermerlerinden olusan yuksek bir kutledir.  Bu bolgede Pleyistosen buzullasmalarina ugramis en yakin daglar 70 km kuzeydoguda Karagol Dagi (3107 m) ve 80 km doguda Kizildag (3025 m)’dir. Bu daglar ile ilgili buzul arastirmalarina yonelik calismalar varken, Tekeli Dagi ile ilgili buzullasma olgusu bilinmemekte, baska bir deyisle buzullardan bahseden hicbir calisma bulunmamaktadir. Oysaki Tekeli Dagi’nda yapilan arazi calismasinda dogu ve kuzeybati yamaclarinda gelismis belirgin sirkler ve 2000 m seviyelerine kadar inmis cephe morenleri tespit edilmistir. Bu calisma ile Turkiye’de yeni bir buzullasma sahasi tespit edilmis ve Turkiye buzullasma envanterine katki yapilmistir. Yeni buzullasma al...

Various water structures of the late Roman period are found in Sinop and its vicinity. These consist of channels, aqueducts, water collection ponds, wells and cisterns. This study has combined the results of various archeological finds with geographic data from Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing technologies (GIS). First findings indicate that Sinop (in the later Roman period) was supplied with water from mainly 2 sources. The routes of the main water channels have been reconstructed using natural slope conditions. Water structures that make up the rest of the water transport system are currently being investigated by a multidisciplinary team. Ozet Roma donemi su yapilarini; su kanallari, su kemerleri, su toplama havuzlari, kuyular ve sarniclar olarak siniflamak mumkundur. Sinop ve yakin cevresinde Roma donemine ait bu tur su yapilarina sikca rastlanmaktadir. Bu calismada arkeolojik buluntular ile cografi veriler birlikte, Cografi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ve Uzaktan Alg...

Beydağları Mountains, Mount Akdağ, Mount Karadağ and Mount Sandıras are the mountains subjected to Pleistocene glaciations in the Teke Peninsula (Teke Region) in Western Taurus region. Mount Sandıras having an altitude of 2295 m was glaciated in Pleistocene and as a result of glaciations a few terminal moraines came into existence on the northeast facing slope of the mountain. Located southeast of Mount Sandıras and with the summit of 2418 m, Mount Karadağ also reserved evident cirques and moraines on the higher plateau around summits and North facing slopes. With regards to having both great massive and height, Akdağ and Beydağları mountains are the most remarkable ones in the Teke Peninsula. Both the mountains have summits over 3000 m (Beydağları summit, Kızlarsivrisi Peak 3070 m; Akdağ summit, Uyluk Peak 3014 m). In the Teke Peninsula, While Mount Akdağ has more characteristic cirques, glacial valleys and moraines which are covering vast areas, in Beydağları only a few small cirq...

This study presents the results of geomorphological investigations carried out in Akdag landslide complex which is very large active slope failure in carbonate rocks and flysch deposits located in the southern slopes of paleo-glaciated Mount Akdag, SW Turkey. The landslide resulted in the collapse of a 5 km segment of the Mount Akdag, and covers an area of 9,8 km2 and has a volume of about 3×108 m3. The 1:15,000 scale geomorphology map of the Akdag landslide results from the combination of field studies and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based DSM, including aerial-photo interpretation and geomorphometric analysis of landforms. Airborne digital photographs over the landslide were acquired on dates between, 6-12 August 2015, using an autonomous UAV system. The images of the study area were obtained from 21 flights with UAV. Totally 4666 photos were taken. For each flight, a standardized image resolution (~10 cm) and, 80% (lateral) and 75% (longitudinal) overlap ratios were considered....

Yagis, alansal ve zamansal degiskenligi yuksek ve yeryuzunde basta su erisilebilirligi olmak uzere cesitli fiziksel surecler ile afetler uzerinde dogrudan etkili meteorolojik bir etmendir. Bu calismada, Turkiye'nin en yagisli bolgelerinden biri olan Guneybati Anadolu'daki Fethiye (kiyi, 3 m) ve yaklasik 40 km kuzeydogusunda yer alan Sogutludere (ic kesim, 780 m) istasyonlarinin saatlik yagis verilerinin karsilastirmali analizi gerceklestirildi. 1 yillik surec ozelinde, yagisin buyukluk, siddet ve diger ekstrem ozelliklerini yani istasyonlarin yagis klimatolojisini cozumlemek ve belirlenen farkliligin nedenlerini tartismak amaclandi. Analizler sonucunda, Sogutludere'de Fethiye'ye oranla yillik 1,7 kat daha fazla yagis ve 1,20 kat yagisli gun tespit edilirken; yagis siddeti siniflarinin frekansi acisindan istasyonlar arasinda onemli bir fark saptanmadi. Ancak, Sogutludere'de yagislar (gecis mevsimlerini de icine alan) daha genis bir donemde gozlenmistir. Kis yagis ...

Abstract The Taurus Mountains of southwest Turkey are split into numerous separated ranges, of which eleven supported former glaciers. We describe cirques and related moraines in four new locations, as well as those in seven ranges where glaciation was previously known. This gives a complete inventory of the 85 cirques in southwest Turkey. These are comparable in size to those elsewhere, but narrower and often less developed. Lengths averaging 672 m are high relative to widths of 542 m. Overall axial gradients average 22.4°. Cirque floor altitudes are controlled largely by altitudes of the mountains above, but they also vary in relation to precipitation, in sympathy with ELAs (Equilibrium Line Altitudes) of former glaciers. In most ranges where glaciers were short (extending little beyond cirques), ELA can be predicted from mean mid-floor altitude. Our observations demonstrate lower ELAs than in previous literature. Both ELAs and cirque floors rise eastward in the west, and northward inland from the coast. This supports the importance of winds from the west and southwest, off the Mediterranean Sea, bringing LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) conditions wetter than present to mountains near the coast. Cirques face on average a little east of north, showing the effects of shade and differential solar radiation receipt.

Uludağ is a prominent mountain in northwestern Turkey where glacial deposits have been documented in the Kovuk Valley and the glacial history has been reconstructed based on 31 cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages from glacially transported boulders and bedrock. The results suggest that the Kovuk Glacier began advancing before 26.5±1.6 ka. It reached its maximum extent at 20.3±1.3 ka, followed by a re-advance at 19.3±1.2 ka, both during the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) within Marine Isotope Stage 2. The timing of the LGM glaciations in the Kovuk Valley is consistent with the investigated LGM glaciations in other mountains of Anatolia, the Mediterranean and the Alps. Based on the geomorphological ice margin reconstruction and using the accumulation/ablation area ratio (AAR) approach, the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of the Kovuk LGM glacier was c. 2000 m above sea level for an estimated AAR of 0.67. This indicates a c. 1000 m lowering of the ELA for the LGM compared with the modern ...

... Sayı 15 2007 (Elektronik Ortamda), Mehmet Gürbüz, Yüreğir'e Göç Eden Nüfusun Sosyo-Ekonomik Özellikleri ve Şehirleşme Sürecindeki Değişimi (Socio-Economic Characteristics of Migrants in Yüreğir and. Their Transition to Urban Life) (Abstract) (Tam metin 2.091 KB). 1-...

This paper discusses the occurrence and development of the excavation-induce deep-seated landslide, which took place near Dündar village, located west of Orhaneli town in northwestern Turkey. The event occurred in the Bursa-Orhaneli lignite field, which has been actively operating since 1979. Due to undermining of a gently inclined slope (10°) to extract a coal seam, primary tension cracks, which were precursors of the movement, were first observed in the northern head area in mid- to late October 2003. This movement happened simultaneously with precipitation that was significantly above long-term average measured at a nearby climatology station (Keles). This precipitation amount is characterized statistically by a significant standardized anomaly of 1.6. The majority of the monthly precipitation total in October 2003, which mainly consisted of rain showers and thunderstorms, occurred in the last week of the month. By April 2004, rotational failure continued intermittently. After a relatively wet (rainy and snowy) period from January 2004 to April 2004, the main rotational slump occurred in late April 2004, causing the entire destruction of Dündar village's cemetery. Daily climatic and synoptic meteorological data have proved that heavy showers in late April may had triggered the last slump by producing rain showers of 19.3 mm and 19.9 mm daily total on 27 and 28 April 2004, respectively.Field observations carried out along the main head scarp have shown that the slope failure was facilitated by a pre-existing normal fault with an east- west direction and 80° dip. Grain-size analysis showed that the failure occurred on clayey silt, which forms 55% of the slip surface material. Based on the evidence from X-ray fluorescence and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results, smectite-type clay - a product of the chemical weathering of tuff - was the main constituent of the slip surface material. The landslide occurred over an area of 600 m × 650 m with a total volume of 8775 000 m3. Approximately 28 hectares of farm land were entirely destroyed and the excavated coal seam was buried. The mining operation was moved to 100 m north of the landslide area near Gümüşpınar village. From morphological evidence, it is concluded that excavation activities caused the failure to extend in more than one direction as an enlarging sliding mechanism; this produced a high landslide risk for Gümüşpınar village, where the most significant normal fault with a 75 m vertical displacement in a coal-bearing sequence is found in the lignite field.