- Asst. Prof. Dr. at Electricaledit
Power systems must be protected against faults to ensure quality and reliable generation, transmission and distribution of power systems. Power system protection is provided by the protection relays. This paper is the second part of the... more
Power systems must be protected against faults to ensure quality and reliable generation, transmission and distribution of power systems. Power system protection is provided by the protection relays. This paper is the second part of the Protection Coordination study for the Siddik Kardesler Substation. The protection for transmission lines, transformer, bus bars and customer feeders is provided by overcurrent protection, differential and distance protection schemes. In this paper, issues related with the Differential Protection and Distance Protection for the substation will be discussed. Finally the test and commissioning have been conducted and the substation is successfully energized without problem.
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Demand for electricity is constantly increasing day by day. The biggest challenge is to provide uninterrupted and high-quality electricity to customers in variable conditions. To accomplish this, the two parameters must always be checked... more
Demand for electricity is constantly increasing day by day. The biggest challenge is to provide uninterrupted and high-quality electricity to customers in variable conditions. To accomplish this, the two parameters must always be checked for each condition; these parameters are load distribution and network frequency. In this study, fuzzy logic and Proportional Integral Derivative controller method is applied in power system connected with two different fields to remove the fluctuations of electric energy. For this, MATLAB offers simulation applications and models in Simulink. Both different control directions are compared according to the results obtained. To emphasize the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy control system, two field-connected power systems were simulated in four scenarios in a wide range of operating conditions. In addition to all these, the performance of the proposed method is compared with a Proportional Integral Derivative tester with simulation studies and the results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach.
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The steady development in the liberalization of the energy sector has made it necessary to consider new policies on energy planning and to consider some socio-economic costs in addition to production costs. These socio-economic parameters... more
The steady development in the liberalization of the energy sector has made it necessary to consider new policies on energy planning and to consider some socio-economic costs in addition to production costs. These socio-economic parameters are the value of the lost load (VOLL), which is defined as the lost power value or non-electricity cost, and the expected energy not serve (EENS). VOLL is a useful measure for making decisions about the total capacity of power supplies. In terms of consumer payments and suppliers, the marginal price of the system cannot be clearly stated and therefore the lost value cannot be obtained. This value is crucial for countries that are rapidly expanding and structured in terms of electricity supply, and the possibility of supply shortages is predictable. In general, VOLL refers to the monetary value of losses in electricity supply as a result of failures in the production, transmission or distribution sections of electrical power systems. As a result, VOLL can be used as a useful variable to measure one of the dimensions of the energy supply security of a country, region or economic sector. In this study, we obtained an average VOLL and EENS value for the power system with a new approach. In addition, the effects of these values on the planning were examined and their importance was emphasized.
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In this paper, fuzzy-based control approach is proposed to control the street lighting systems depending on solar and wind renewable energy sources. The light intensity is controlled according to the battery level and the speed of the... more
In this paper, fuzzy-based control approach is proposed to control the street lighting systems depending on solar and wind renewable energy sources. The light intensity is controlled according to the battery level and the speed of the wind. Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) is an efficient technique for solving complex problems with little mathematical equations. The proposed fuzzy controller is designed with MATLAB. The proposed street lighting controller depending on the utility, making the efficient utilization of renewable energy such as solar and wind energy which is very necessary in this energy crisis world and the arising of the environmental pollution concerns. In Turkey, the demand for electric power is growing year after year so; this paper suggests a methodology to cut the electricity bill for the lighting of highways. To show effectiveness and savings of the proposed approach, it is applied to a small section of the lighting system of the environmental highway — in Turkish Çevre Yolu-in Istanbul.
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This paper presents a comprehensive empirical study of five different distribution functions to analysis the wind energy potential, namely, Rayleigh, Gamma, Extreme Value, Logistic, and T Location-Scale. In addition, three metaheuristics... more
This paper presents a comprehensive empirical study of five different distribution functions to analysis the wind energy potential, namely, Rayleigh, Gamma, Extreme Value, Logistic, and T Location-Scale. In addition, three metaheuristics optimization methods, Grey Wolf Optimization, Marine Predators Algorithm, and Multi-Verse Optimizer are utilized to determine the optimal parameter values of each distribution. To test the accuracy of the introduced distributions and optimization methods, five error measures are investigated and compared such as mean absolute error, root mean square error, regression coefficient, correlation coefficient, and net fitness. To conduct this analysis, the Catalca site in the Marmara region in Istanbul, Republic of Turkey is selected to be the case study. The experimental results confirm that all introduced distributions based on optimization methods are efficient to model wind speed distribution in the selected site. Rayleigh distribution achieved the best matching while Extreme Value distribution provided the worst matching. Finally, many valuable observations drawn from this study are also discussed. MATLAB 2020b and Excel 365 were used to perform this study.
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Early and accurate fault detection in electrical power grids is a very essential research area because of its positive influence on network stability and customer satisfaction. Although many electrical fault detection techniques have been... more
Early and accurate fault detection in electrical power grids is a very essential research area because of its positive influence on network stability and customer satisfaction. Although many electrical fault detection techniques have been introduced during the past decade, the existence of an effective and robust fault detection system is still rare in real-world applications. Moreover, one of the main challenges that delays the progress in this direction is the severe lack of reliable data for system validation. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel anomaly-based electrical fault detection system which is consistent with the concept of faults in the electrical power grids. It benefits from two phases prior to training phase, namely, data preprocessing and pretraining. While the data preprocessing phase executes all elementary operations on the raw data, the pretraining phase selects the optimal hyperparameters of the model using a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based algorithm....
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In recent years, fault detection in electrical power systems has attracted substantial attention from both research communities and industry. Although many fault detection methods and their modifications have been developed during the... more
In recent years, fault detection in electrical power systems has attracted substantial attention from both research communities and industry. Although many fault detection methods and their modifications have been developed during the past decade, it remained very challenging in real applications. Moreover, one of the most important parts of designing a fault detection system is reliable data for training and testing which is rare. Accordingly, this paper proposes an anomaly-based technique for fault detection in electrical power systems. Furthermore, a One-Class Support Vector Machine (SVM) model and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA)based model are utilized to accomplish the desired task. The used models are trained and tested on VSB (Technical University of Ostrava) Power Line Fault Detection dataset which is a large amount of real-time waveform data recorded by their meter on Kaggle. Finally, performance and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves analyses of our results are exploited to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique in the fault detection problem.
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many distribution functions for representing the wind power potential have been proposed. The fitness of the results mainly depends on the used estimation method and the wind pattern of the analyzed area. The selection of a convenient... more
many distribution functions for representing the wind power potential have been proposed. The fitness of the results mainly depends on the used estimation method and the wind pattern of the analyzed area. The selection of a convenient statistical distribution for characterizing wind speed distribution is a critical factor. This paper utilizes three well-known statistical distributions, namely, Weibull, Poisson, and Lognormal to model the wind power in Catalca in the Marmara area located in Turkey. The parameters of these distributions are optimized based on the Genetic Algorithms optimization. The real data of Catalca which was obtained from the national metrology station for three years, are statistically analyzed at 30, 60, and 80 m heights. Root mean square error, correlation coefficient, and mean absolute error measures are exploited to show distributions accuracy differences. Based on the obtained results, the Weibull distribution is superior to others in modelling the real data of Catalca in terms of all used accuracy measures.
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Supplying electrical energy to the load on demand, economically and with acceptable levels of reliability and service quality is the main task of a distribution system. Energy distribution reliability is important in the competition... more
Supplying electrical energy to the load on demand, economically and with acceptable levels of reliability and service quality is the main task of a distribution system. Energy distribution reliability is important in the competition conditions in electricity markets because consumers directly supply energy. Therefore, it is not enough to estimate how reliable the distribution system is at present and to estimate the future reliability change in order to make optimum planning decisions, but also to provide the necessary amount of spinning reserve. The past reliability performance of distribution system can be quantified using a wide range of indices. This study is concerned with evaluating the reliability indices for only part of a network. Even though this study is limited due to unavailability as well as the inaccessibility of full and correct data over a sufficient period for analysis, it can give a clue and motive for further evaluation of the reliability of network.
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In the deregulated power industry, effective procurement of the Ancillary Services (AS) is essential in order to both reliable supply to customer and power system security. AS are used in order to operate the system reliably within... more
In the deregulated power industry, effective procurement of the Ancillary Services (AS) is essential in order to both reliable supply to customer and power system security. AS are used in order to operate the system reliably within enterprise safety along with the criteria regarding supply quality and operating conditions. Demand decrease set Spinning Reserve (SR) for power systems and capital cost investments and for all plants. Influential control of SR supply important cost decrease for large power systems. This study propose that set a reserve with the governor action and load shedding function depending on demand. This make possible the reliability of individual units and the uncertainty of the load forecast to the considered for short-term scheduling. While it is easy to implement decisive criterion, this situation does not conform to the structure prediction problems. Thus, the technique have been proposed for determining SR capacity depending on demand.
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All over the world, the Distributed Generations (DGs) integration to power system has increased in the recent years due to economic, environmental and technical advantages. Turkey which has the huge solar potential has focused on... more
All over the world, the Distributed Generations (DGs) integration to power system has increased in the recent years due to economic, environmental and technical advantages. Turkey which has the huge solar potential has focused on integrating both licensed and unlicensed solar power plants by providing 10 years of purchasing guarantee as an incentive for the electricity producers from solar energy. However, the integration of DGs has several negative effects on the distribution networks (DNs). This work is concerned with investigating the possible challenges that may arise due to integration of PV based DGs on the existing distribution networks. Short circuit current level with respect to variation in MW integration is studied for the case the utility network is weak and strong. When the utility network is strong, the integration effect of inverter based DGs like solar power plants were observed insignificant. However, for the weak utility networks, the integration of inverter based ...
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Protection coordination is the heart of all power systems. To insure a quality and reliable operation of the power systems, an electrical fault must be cleared within short time. This can be achieved by proper coordination between the... more
Protection coordination is the heart of all power systems. To insure a quality and reliable operation of the power systems, an electrical fault must be cleared within short time. This can be achieved by proper coordination between the protection relays. In Siddik Kardesler Substation the MV voltage feeders’ protection is provided by overcurrent relays. This paper is principally concerned with practical protection coordination of the electrical substation by using substation as case study. In the Part-2, distance and differential protection will be discussed. Finally, after test and commissioning, the substation is successfully energized without problem.
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With the increased complexity of power systems and the high integration of smart meters, advanced sensors, and high-level communication infrastructures within the modern power grids, the collected data becomes enormous and requires fast... more
With the increased complexity of power systems and the high integration of smart meters, advanced sensors, and high-level communication infrastructures within the modern power grids, the collected data becomes enormous and requires fast computation and outstanding analyzing methods under normal conditions. However, under abnormal conditions such as faults, the challenges dramatically increase. Such faults require timely and accurate fault detection, identification, and location approaches for guaranteeing their desired performance. This paper proposes two machine learning approaches based on the binary classification to improve the process of fault detection in smart grids. Besides, it presents four machine learning models trained and tested on real and modern fault detection data set designed by the Technical University of Ostrava. Many evaluation measures are applied to test and compare these approaches and models. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic curves are utilized to...
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This paper presents a technical evaluation of the wind potential for the present and the future integration challenges into the Turkey power network. The first part evaluates the feasibility of sites, installments, operation and... more
This paper presents a technical evaluation of the wind potential for the present and the future integration challenges into the Turkey power network. The first part evaluates the feasibility of sites, installments, operation and maintenance. The second part investigates the wind energy integration in the Turkey power network. To determine the potential availability of wind energy in Turkey, feasibility evaluation based on the hourly measured wind speed data for the three years 2008–2010 at 30 m height in Çatalca district is done. These data were obtained from the national meteorology station in Istanbul - the Republic of Turkey are analyzed in order to evaluate the feasibility of wind power potential and to assure supreme assortment of wind turbines installing for the area of interest. Furthermore, the data are extrapolated and analyzed at 60 m and 80 m regarding the variability of the roughness factor. Weibull bi-parameter probability function is used to approximate monthly and annual wind potential and power density based on three calculation methods, namely, the approximated, the graphical and the energy pattern factor methods. The annual mean wind power densities were to be 400.31, 540.08 and 611.02 W/m2 for 30, 60, and 80 m heights respectively. Simulation results prove that the analyzed area is an appropriate place for constructing large-scale wind farms. Key words: wind energy, wind speed, wind turbines, feasibility study.
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Closed-ring operation of distribution systems has several advantages over radially-operated ones. Closed-ring achieves availability of power on demand, reduce grid losses and maintain the reliability at acceptable level. This paper... more
Closed-ring operation of distribution systems has several advantages over radially-operated ones. Closed-ring achieves availability of power on demand, reduce grid losses and maintain the reliability at acceptable level. This paper evaluates the reliability of 6-bus closed-ring operated network based on total loss of continuity criterion. The results show dramatically improvement in reliability of closed-ring grids in comparison with normally-open ring distribution grids, the annual down time decreases from 8.7 hours to about 3.0 seconds, and ENS decreases to about 99.97% over the open-ring grids.
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The traditional distribution networks are mostly radial. Radial networks are easy to implement and operate, but it introduces a great challenge concerning electricity supply reliability. In organized industrial zones, the unplanned energy... more
The traditional distribution networks are mostly radial. Radial networks are easy to implement and operate, but it introduces a great challenge concerning electricity supply reliability. In organized industrial zones, the unplanned energy interruptions can cost a lot, as industrial loads are always working. Consequently, distribution networks are mostly implemented as a ring network. The ring distribution network improves the electricity supply reliability. However, compared to the radial networks, the application of ring network introduces its own technical challenges such as increased short circuit current during the fault, difficulty in protection coordination, increased rating capacity of each equipment and increased investment cost. In this paper, the protection coordination technique that is used in an organized industrial zone will be discussed. In the ring distribution network, differential relays, which rely on communication between the protection relays, are used for the underground cable protection. To guarantee cable protection when communication is failed, an auxiliary protection by using directional overcurrent relays is used. In this paper, the protection coordination study for the GEBZE organized industrial zone, which is available in Istanbul, Turkey, is conducted by using state of the art methods. The results of the study are verified by applying to ABB relays, which are available on the organized industrial zone’s site under study.
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The integration of Electrical power with advanced information and communication technologies has led to an intelligent electricity grid known as the Smart Grid. The Smart Grid has also led to the improvement of the entire energy flow... more
The integration of Electrical power with advanced information and communication technologies has led to an intelligent electricity grid known as the Smart Grid. The Smart Grid has also led to the improvement of the entire energy flow system through a bidirectional flow of power and information between utility and consumer, hence making the system safe, efficient and reliable. Big data in smart grid are very significant and visible due to the accumulation of the increasing volumes of data. This data is accessed by the electrical utilities as well as customers from smart meters, power management units (PMUs), supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, frequency disturbance recorders (FDRs), outage management systems, wide-area monitoring system (WAMS), field devices, customer billing software, customers' data, sensors, computers and communication networks all integrated into the power network. Therefore, big data has a great significance in the establishment of a better Smart Grid. This paper introduces smart grid and its concepts, the role of big data in smart grid; challenges faced by big data in smart grid and the prospect of the big data in smart grids.
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Operation of closed-ring power distribution systems has various advantages over both meshed-operated and radially-operated systems. Closed-ring system unlike to radial system, the voltage drop is less, achieves high reliability of power... more
Operation of closed-ring power distribution systems has various advantages over both meshed-operated and radially-operated systems. Closed-ring system unlike to radial system, the voltage drop is less, achieves high reliability of power on demand since the power is supplied from both ends, and reduces the voltage fluctuation in high loaded areas by using a tie power line. However, the reliability assessment of closed-ring power grids is not a trivial task. Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is one of the most famous methods to assess the availability of any power system. However, the most proposed methods are able to evaluate the reliability of radial and open-ring grids. This paper developed the best known MCS method to assess the reliability of closed-ring grids by integrating the total loss of continuity (TLOC) definition into the MCS. The developed method is called modified Monte Carlo Simulation (MMCS) method. The MMCS is tested by using Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) buses 2 and 4. The obtained results confirm the correctness of the proposed method. Therefore, MMCS method is appropriate to assess the reliability of both simple and complicated closed-ring systems.
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Abstract The smart power grid blends the bidirectional energy with information flow. Compared to the traditional power grid, it requires more intelligent and faster control, protection, automation, and communication techniques.... more
Abstract The smart power grid blends the bidirectional energy with information flow. Compared to the traditional power grid, it requires more intelligent and faster control, protection, automation, and communication techniques. Ultimately, power system protection, fault location, and isolation have to go through an immense modernization process since the previously used protection techniques are no longer usable in the smart grid. This is due to the bidirectional flow of energy and dynamics of the network configuration in the smart grid. Multiagent Systems (MAS) techniques can enable the power system to become smarter, reliable, self-healing, and robust. Its decentralized nature and operational robustness make the MAS application a leading technology. In this paper, the MAS architecture that suits the smart grid application is proposed. Besides, a detailed systematic review on the application of MAS to smart grid protection is conducted. The MAS application for self-healing of the smart grid through Fault Location, Isolation, and Service Restoration (FLISR) is also investigated. Furthermore, based on the MAS architecture, fault identification technique, simulation, and verification methods implemented, a comparison is made among the ongoing research activities on power system protection and FLISR. Consequently, the research gap on power system protection, FLISR, and self-healing is indicated. Finally, the use of IEC 61850 for implementing the MAS technique is discussed. As a result, the use of MAS for adaptive smart grid protection, the challenges in the implementation of the communication among the agents and outside laboratory application of the MAS for the power systems are the research topics that require further work.
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The future distribution networks (DNs), commonly known as the smart grid is expected to be reliable, efficient, and can accommodate renewable energy resources. The smart distribution network has to withstand the technical challenges... more
The future distribution networks (DNs), commonly known as the smart grid is expected to be reliable, efficient, and can accommodate renewable energy resources. The smart distribution network has to withstand the technical challenges related to the integration of distributed generations (DGs). Among these technical challenges, protection malfunctioning with the increased integration of DGs is one of the important issues, which requires a great concern. Thus, a protection philosophy, which can suit the future smart grid requirements with respect to increased integration of DGs, has to be devised. In this paper, an adaptive protection technique, which is based on the characteristics of fault-current and load-current variation, is proposed. In the proposed method, intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) monitor the status of circuit breakers (CBs) and DGs. If any status change occurs, the calculation and relay agents are triggered to update the IEDs. DigSILENT PowerFactory is used to veri...