Economics

The access to the …nancial services and digital …nancial services in India has not yet transformed into their frequent use. Therefore, the present paper provides a comparative analysis of the individual level determinants for few main indicators of the two main dimensions of …nancial inclusion and digital …nancial inclusion: access and use, based on binary probit regression analysis using World Bank's 2017 Global Findex data. The paper concludes that education and workforce participation are positively associated with the access to …nancial services and digital …nancial services and also with the use of most of the …nancial services and digital …nancial services. Another interesting result is that being a woman and poor reduces the probability of using mobile banking but do not a¤ect traditional banking.

The access to the Önancial services and digital financial services in India has not yet transformed into their frequent use. Therefore, the present paper provides a comparative analysis of the individual level determinants for few main indicators of the two main dimen- sions of Önancial inclusion and digital Önancial inclusion: access and use, based on binary probit regression analysis using World Bankís 2017 Global Findex data. The paper concludes that education and workforce participation are positively associated with the access to Ö- nancial services and digital financial services and also with the use of most of the financial services and digital financial services. Another interesting result is that being a woman and poor reduces the probability of using mobile banking but do not a§ect traditional banking.

In recent years India-Saudi Arabia bilateral trade has grown enormously. In 2013, Saudi Arabia ranked four among the leading trading partner of India and on the flip side; India was the seventh largest trading partner of Saudi Arabia. This paper explores the major trends of bilateral trade between the two nations and tries to scrutinize the features and challenges that arose out of this trade intensity and resulted in a mutual benefit of both state
during the period of 2001 to 2013. To achieve these objectives, trade intensity index and revealed comparative advantage at aggregate and dis-aggregate level has been calculated. The result analysis highlights that the structures of export in India and Saudi Arabia differs significantly. Findings: This indicates a positive point that both the nations are not in a competition as the various areas of merchandise trade is different in India and Saudi Arabia. So, this specialization, in bilateral trade liberalization, undoubtedly acts as a precursor towards an enhanced potential of economic growth for both countries. Conclusively, the analysis highlights that there has been acceleration in the bilateral trade and this infers that one can expect a positive effect on economic trade relations between the participating nations.

UAE was the largest trading partner of India in the fiscal year 2012-13. Over the years, UAE has become world's third largest exports and re-exports center
after Hong Kong and Singapore. First objective of this paper tries to solve the puzzle that how UAE became India's top three exporting nations despite small population size. A result of correlations shows that re-exports through UAE played a vital role in strengthening the trade relations between India and UAE and this is possibly the main reason behind this puzzle. Further, second objective explores the future potentials of Indo-UAE bilateral trade. Results of three indices (trade intensity index, trade potential index and revealed comparative advantage index) show that there are several products of potential export interest to both countries, and economic integration is expected to have a positive impact on trade outcomes of both countries.

India's trade with Qatar is increasing over the period of time and stood on 14th position in 2014-15. Qatar is the main source of India's LNG and supplies 86% of total import. aim of this paper is to find out the trade potentials between these two countries. to achieve this objective RCA has been used. results suggested that both the countries has huge trade potential in various commodities and they can enhance their trade relations up to next level.

Exports have played a very crucial role in an economy and in the last decade India's trade with GCC countries have been in deficit. So, in this context, present paper has investigated determinants of India-GCC export fl ow with the help of augmented gravity model. Panel data has been used for the period 2001 to 2015. Further with the help of coefficient value of trade fl ow determinants, India's trade potential with all six GCC countries has been calculated for the latest year i.e., 2015. In the last section, tariff simulation has also been done. Results show that India-GCC bilateral export is positively determined by size of economies, trade openness and two binary variables namely common colony and Diaspora, while it is negatively determined by distance between them and tariff imposed by importing country. Result of export potential shows that India has significant export potential with all six countries. Further, results of tariff simulation suggest that tariff reduction will improve India's export potential with all GCC countries. At the end, paper concluded that proposed India-GCC free trade agreement (FTA) will be win-win situation for both side.

Present paper has investigated determinants of India-GCC trade flow with the help of panel gravity model for the period 2001 to 2015. Further, India's trade potential with all GCC countries has been calculated. Results show that India-GCC bilateral trade is positively determined by size of economies, trade openness and two binary variables namely trading affinity and Diaspora, while it is negatively determined by distance between them. Result of trade potential shows that India has significant trade potential with all six countries. India has highest trade potential with Kuwait, followed by Bahrain, Oman, UAE, Qatar and Saudi Arabia. At the end, paper suggested that both India and GCC should remove all kind of trade barriers and dummy variable Diaspora also play a positive role. So, Indian government should take extra care of their workers in GCC countries. Finally, the study suggests that proposed free trade agreement will boost bilateral trade.

The paper explores the investment and trading strategies for the Indian stock market using daily data for the CNX 100 companies over the period 01 April 2009 to 31 March 2014. The paper sets up the argument for beta and debt-equity ratio as the important variables for explaining the investment and trading strategies for Indian stock market. Following mean reversion principle without advocating for it, we also develop the strategy for trading in the stock market. The study uses data analysis techniques and arrives at the findings that long term investment in the stocks with low beta and low debt-equity ratio provide higher return, though short term trading the stocks with high beta and high debt-equity ratio provide high return in the short time period. The financial service sector shows that service sector provides very high return in the short time period and low return in the long run as compared to returns from the average stocks.

This research paper analyses the impact of COVID-19 to investigate the overconfidence bias in 12 cyclical and defensive sectors in pre- and during COVID-19 periods using daily data from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020. The results of VAR show that in the pre COVID-19 phase overconfidence bias is more prevalent in all the cyclical sectors; in particular, MEDIA, METAL and REALTY have highly significant coefficients . In the defensive sectors, the VAR outcomes are not as strong as we expected, except for SERVICES. During the COVID-19 period, the investor shifted their focus to COVID-19-related opportunities, leading to a surge in the IT and PHARMA sectors. In both phases, METAL, MEDIA and REALTY exhibit overconfidence-driven stock trading behaviour. ENERGY is the only sector in both the phases that does not witness overconfidence bias.

The recent regulatory issues surrounding Paytm, particularly its payments bank arm, highlight challenges in India’s fintech sector. Concerns raised by the RBI include non-compliance with KYC norms and licensing discrepancies, leading to fines and restrictions. This crisis exposes governance and regulatory compliance issues within Paytm and emphasizes the need for fintech firms to prioritize regulatory adherence and risk management. Collaboration between traditional banks like SBI and FinTech entities will be crucial on innovative underwriting models, risk control systems, and digital services, enhancing customer service, customer loyalty, and addressing issues more effectively. This Calls for a balanced regulatory approach emphasize the importance of innovation, transparency, and compliance. Clear regulatory guidance and enhanced monitoring are recommended to mitigate risks and maintain trust in India’s fintech ecosystem.

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between financial development and carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions in India from 1960 to 2020. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is used to determine the causal direction. As per the findings of the study, financial development has a significant effect on CO 2 emissions. Moreover, economic development and investment, have a detrimental effect on environmental quality because it releases a significant amount of CO 2 emissions into the environment. Our empirical findings confirmed the presence of an environmental Kuznets curve. The outcomes of the VECM show that the long-run causality can be noticed in CO 2 emissions, financial development, and investment. Furthermore, the validity and reliability of the results were verified by using a variety of diagnostic tests. This research presents novel results that add to the current literature and may be of particular importance to the country's policymakers regarding the financial system and its importance in environmental problems.

This study investigates the influence of capital structure on the financial performance of banks in India. The study used a dataset consisting of 57 institutions to examine the correlation between the capital structure and financial performance of banks. The panel regression models were employed over the time frame of 2000-2022, utilising both fixed effect and random effect models. Return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA) are the two metrics used for evaluating financial performance. The results of this study indicate that the debt-to-equity ratio, net profit margin, and size show statistical relevance. Due to their large size and high debt-to-equity ratio, public sector banks have performed worse than private and foreign sector banks in terms of these factors. Banks face significant difficulty with regards to their low financial performance, mostly due to factors such as the debt-to-equity ratio and return on capital used. The data suggests that the capital structure has had a considerable impact on the financial performance of the Indian banking sector, particularly in recent years. The empirical analysis also shows that there is no statistically significant correlation between net interest margin, current ratio, and the metrics of return on assets and return on equity for Indian banks.

Indian banks are known for their robust financial strength. Opportunities to create comprehensive and far-reaching effects In recent years, and particularly in the last five years, Amidst the recent global banking turmoil, Indian banks have Continued to exhibit robust performance, surpassing global counterparts. Examining the performance of colleagues in terms of their growth and profitability. A significant proportion The profitability of the banking system primarily persists. Propelled by robust expansion in the retail and micro, small, Within the lending industry, there are specific segments that focus on small and medium enterprises (MSME). Consolidation among public sector banks (PSBs) has been observed in recent times. Furthermore, this approach has resulted in the development of more robust and thriving organisations. Nevertheless, despite the robust financial performance, Indian banks encounter numerous challenges across various aspects. Their operating models may face potential threats. Maximising the potential for creating value over an extended period. Considering this, It is necessary to consider a more comprehensive approach currently.

In recent times, the Indian banking sector has found itself under intensified regulatory scrutiny, grappling with the aftermath of global financial tremors and the tightening grip of regulatory bodies such as the RBI, SEBI, and IRDAI. As the sector navigates through