Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina, 2022 (vol. 24), issue 4
Operation and Economics in Transport
A Methodological Framework for Evaluating Smart Transport Applicability in Algiers
Naima Labri, Amal Baziz
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):A160-A171 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.A160-A171 
Intelligent transport systems (ITS), deriving from smart mobility concept, are emerging as a solution to transportation problems using information and communication technologies (ICT) to improve the transport performance and quality. The authors of this work aimed to propose a framework that evaluates applicability of ITS in the public transport sector, using Algiers as a case study and to discover eventual barriers to their implementation. The proposed framework is supported by literature contributing to the question of what barriers are encountered in developing versus developed countries when implementing ITS, this type of ignorance of contextual...
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Car-Sharing in Poland
Piotr Gorzelańczyk, Tomáš Kalina, Martin Jurkovič
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):A172-A186 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.A172-A186
The number of cars on Polish roads is increasing year by year. Currently, Poland is in second place in Europe in terms of the number of cars per 1000 inhabitants [1]. This causes problems in finding a place to park. In addition, during the pandemic, there was a problem with semis, which caused a sharp increase in the price of used cars and longer waiting times for new vehicles. The aim of this article is to find out the opinion of Polish residents on the Car-Sharing service during the COVID-19 pandemic and how the pandemic has affected Car-Sharing not only in Poland, but also in Europe as a whole. For this purpose, a survey was conducted.
Modeling the Behavior in Choosing the Travel Mode for Long-Distance Travel Using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms
Khondhaker Al Momin, Saurav Barua, Omar Faruqe Hamim, Subrata Roy
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):A187-A197 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.A187-A197
The long-distance travel (LDT) mode choice modeling is important for transportation planners. This study investigated alternative mode choice behavior for the LDT between the intercity buses and trains. A questionnaire survey, consisting of important mode choice attributes, was conducted on various groups of people in Bangladesh. Numerous travel mode choice contributing features (e.g., travel time, travel costs, origin-destination, comfort, safety, travel time reliability, ticket availability and schedule flexibility) were considered and the LDT mode choice models were developed using various machine learning algorithms typically applied for classification...
Evaluation of the Parking System Efficiency Based on the Jadwizyn Settlement in Pila in the Light of Sustainable Development
Piotr Gorzelańczyk, Karol Matuszak
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):A198-A215 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.A198-A215
The aim of the article is to assess the efficiency of the parking system on the example of the Jadwizyn estate in Pila in the light of sustainable development. For this purpose, an organoleptic test of the use of the parking space was carried out for 7 consecutive days, at three different times of the day (morning, noon, evening) in December and January.
Forecasting the road accident rate and the impact of the covid 19 on its frequency in the polish provinces
Piotr Gorzelańczyk, Martin Jurkovič, Tomáš Kalina, Malaya Mohanty
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):A216-A231 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.A216-A231
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the development of road transport, not only in Poland, but also worldwide. Limited mobility, especially at the beginning of the pandemic, had a large impact on the number of road accidents. The aim of the present study is to predict the number of road accidents in Poland and to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on variability of the number of road accidents. To attain the objective, annual data on the road accidents for every province in Poland were collected and analysed. Based on historical crash data, obtained from the police, the number of road accidents was forecasted for both pandemic...
Urban Road Transport Network Analysis: Machine Learning and Social Network Approaches
Emre Kuşkapan, M. Yasin Çodur, Ahmet Tortum, Giovanni Tesoriere, Tiziana Campisi
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):A232-A245 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.A232-A245
Traffic congestion is one of the most significant problems in urban transportation. It has been increasing, especially in regions close to intersections. Several methods have been developed to reduce the traffic congestion. One of the analysis methods is social network analysis (SNA). This method, which has increased use in transportation, can quickly identify the most central intersections in transportation networks. Improvements to central intersections, identified in a road network structure, speed up the traffic flow across the entire network structure. In this study, the Istanbul highway transportation network has been examined and values for...
Mechanical Engineering in Transport
Studying the Process of the Internal Combustion Engine Exhaust Gas Purification by an Electric Pulse
Adil Kadyrov, Yevgeniy Kryuchkov, Kirill Sinelnikov, Alexandr Ganyukov, Rustem Sakhapov, Aliya Kukesheva
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):B275-B287 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.B275-B287
The article deals with method of purifying the exhaust gases in an automobile muffler or other transport equipment using electrical pulses. Electrical pulses are formed between the two ring electrodes (anode and cathode) installed in series along the gas flow. The physical picture of the process is described. A mathematical model has been developed and studied. A deterministic relationship has been established between the engine volume, the number of the crankshaft revolutions, the electric field strength and the charge strength and dynamic viscosity of the gas. Experimental studies have been carried out. The goal of the experiment was to confirm the...
Studying the Process of Transport Equipment Cooling System Ultrasonic Cleaning
Adil Kadyrov, Kirill Sinelnikov, Rustem Sakhapov, Alexandr Ganyukov, Bakyt Kurmasheva, Shinpolat Suyunbaev
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):B288-B300 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.B288-B300
The article deals with the existing methods of cleaning vehicle radiators from sedimentary scale. A method of cleaning radiator tubes by ultrasonic radiation is proposed. An experimental bench has been developed for studying ultrasonic cleaning processes. Based on the results of the experiment, dependences have been obtained that determine the efficiency of the process depending on the mass of scale removed and the liquid outflow rate from the tubes. There are proposed the purification degree coefficients. The hypothesis about the possibility of cleaning radiators with ultrasonic vibrations has been confirmed.
The Stability Indicators of the Section Articulated Buses
Vladimir Sakhno, Juraj Gerlici, Viktor Polyakov, Anatolii Korpach, Oleksii Korpach, Kateryna Kravchenko
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):B301-B309 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.B301-B309
The mathematical model of a multi-section articulated bus has been improved in the article, which allowed to determine the stability indicators of the two and three-section articulated buses for the Metrobus system. The critical speed for the three-section articulated bus was 28.06 m/s and for the two-section articulated bus - 30.89 m/s. Since the motion of multi-section articulated buses will be carried out on separate lanes with a speed of 25 - 28 m/s, one can assume that the stability of rectilinear traffic of both two and three-section buses is provided. In non-stationary modes of motion with two-section articulated buses, the lateral speed of...
Experimental Study of Maximum Stresses in the Stationary Hoist Design in the Ansys Software Environment
Aidana Donenbaykyzy Kassymzhanova, Marat Kenesovich Ibatov, Oyum Temirgalievich Balabayev, Bakytzhan Serikovich Donenbaev, Daurenbek Ikhtiyarovich Ilessaliyev
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):B310-B318 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.B310-B318
The authors have studied the methods of loading bulk cargo in the railway transport. The developed method of loading bulk cargoes into containers transported by railway platforms has been developed. The article deals with experimental studies of maximum stresses in the design of the proposed stationary hoist. The studies have been carried out in the ANSYS software environment with development of simulation models of the hoist design.
Compressive Strength Analysis of a Steel Bolted Connection under Bolt Loss Conditions
Rafał Grzejda, Rafał Perz
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):B319-B327 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.B319-B327
The aim of the study is the numerical analysis of a bolted connection under the conditions of loss of bearing capacity of some fasteners in this connection. The joined plates in the connection were made of the 3D finite elements, while the fasteners were treated as hybrid models consisting of rigid heads and nuts and flexible beams between them. A model of unilateral contact with friction was used between the joined plates. The bolted connection was first preloaded according to three different tensioning sequences and with a normalised force. After all the bolts were tensioned, the selected bolts were removed, simulating bolt damage under connection...
Civil Engineering in Transport
Structural Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girder with Monolithic Joint
Assylkhan Jalairov, Dauren Kumar, Khaini-Kamal Kassymkanova, Gulzhan Nuruldaeva, Arailym Imankulova
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):D150-D159 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.D150-D159
The paper presents the results of a test on a composite bridge girder of a length of 42.0 m, which was performed to assess its resistance, stiffness and crack resistance. Composite reinforced concrete beam with three blocks is joined by the two monolithic joints. When testing a beam with monolithic joint in terms of stiffness, crack resistance and strength, a load of 943.5 kN was achieved without cracking, which is 26.8 % higher than the required one.
Inspection and Preparation for Testing of the Road Overpass of the Almaty-Kapshagai Highway after the Vehicular Impacts
Assylkhan Jalairov, Dauren Kumar, Gulzhan Nuruldaeva, Khaini-Kamal Kassymkanova, Bakdaulet Kumar, Yermek Zhalgasbekov
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):D160-D173 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.D160-D173
The 33.0 m long reinforced concrete bridge beams of the overpass superstructure after vehicular impacts were taken as a research object. The overpass consists of 14 beams, six of which were repaired by restoring the widened lower part with EMACO FAST TIXO, manufactured by BASF. The remaining 8 beams were completely dismantled and replaced with new ones. The new beams have been fully tested for the perception of vehicular loads. The fully reconstructed span structure showed compliance with the design loads of A14, NK-120 and NK-180 based on test results.
Assessment of Traffic Congestion under Indian Environment - a Case Study
Satya Ranjan Samal, Malaya Mohanty, Moses Santhakumar Selvaraj
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):D174-D182 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.D174-D182
Traffic congestion is a major problem around the globe. The prime reason for congestion is unavailability of traffic infrastructure to meet the traffic demand. Road users are forced to face undesirable delay, which influences the economy, environment and health. The present study examines the congestion in the urban roads of Bhubaneswar, a smart city in India. Travel time for various categories of vehicles was estimated and congestion indices in terms of buffer index were evaluated. Multiple linear regression modeling has been used to evaluate the congestion parameters. The p-value for all the independent variables in the developed model is < 0.05....
Studies on Compressive Strength Microstructural Analysis of Self-Compacting Mortar with Bacteria
Middela Sravanthi, S. Venkateswara Rao, Kanthala Krishnaveni, Venkata Kamal Lal Meenuga, Sujana Kariveda
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):D183-D200 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.D183-D200
This research proposed bacteria-treated concrete, which is highly desirable because the mineral precipitation induced from microbial activities is pollution free and natural. This study investigates the effects of Bacillus Licheniformis, Bacillus Cohnii and mixed bacteria on compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity test, rapid chloride penetration test, microstructural analysis and bacteria cell concentration of 10 5cell/ml of normal and self-compacting mortars made with and without fly ash for 7 and 28 days. With self-compacting mortar, the compressive strength of Bacillus Licheniformis improved by 30.3 % and by adding Bacillus Cohnii...
Reduction in Entry Capacity of Roundabout under the Influence of Pedestrians in Mixed Traffic Conditions
Chintaman Bari, Ashish Dhamaniya
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):D201-D214 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.D201-D214
Models developed in Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) are not suitable to cater to the effects of mixed traffic conditions and hence, its use is unjustifiable. This research investigates such a challenging problem as the effect of undesignated pedestrian crossings on the entry capacity of roundabouts. For the present study, field survey data were collected using video cameras from three roundabouts such that the base section (roundabout without pedestrian influence) and non-base sections (with pedestrian influence), both scenarios, were captured. A modified HCM equation was developed to estimate entry capacity and further, the reduction in capacity with...
Critical Gap Estimation and Its Implication on Capacity and Safety of High-Speed Un-Signalised T-Intersection under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions
Khushbu Bhatt, Ninad Gore, Jiten Shah
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):D215-D228 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.D215-D228
In India, priority rules at un-signalized intersections are often ignored by drivers. The present paper reports the applicability of deterministic and probabilistic methods for estimating the critical gaps at high-speed un-signalized T-intersections. The critical gap is estimated for different vehicle types and crossing movements. The study quantifies the implication of critical gap values on the capacity and safety values at un-signalized T-intersections. The results point to conclusion that the value obtained for the critical gap using deterministic methods is lower than that estimated by the probabilistic method. The gap values estimated using the...
Investigation of Wear of Cutting Part of Polygonal Knife Car Graders in Different Ground Conditions
Rustem Kozbagarov, Marzhana Amanova, Nurbol Kamzanov, Lalita Bimagambetova, Aizhan Imangaliyeva
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):D229-D238 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.D229-D238
The wear of cutting elements of auto graders allowed in practice causes an increase in the cutting force by 3 to 4 times, the energy intensity of the cutting process by 1.4 to 3 times, the cost of soil development by 8 to 15 % with a decrease in productivity by 10 to 30 %. This increases the stress state of the entire machine and reduces its operational reliability. Excessive wear of cutting elements leads to economic inexpediency or practical impossibility of further operation of machines.
Management Science and Informatics in Transport
The Research and Impact Evaluation of Eco-Driving Strategy on Specific Energy Consumption in a Passenger Vehicles
Piotr Gorzelańczyk, Piotr Piątkowski
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):E122-E133 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.E122-E133
The article presents the results of an assessment of the impact of Eco-driving on the achieved emission parameters and performance characteristics of vehicles, with a particular focus on energy efficiency. The first part of the article presents the main principles of Eco-driving and then presents the results of experimental tests carried out on two vehicles powered by conventional fuel in the form of gasoline and substitute (unconventional) fuel in the form of LPG. The vehicles were operated under different traffic conditions. Based on the analysis of the experimental results, final conclusions were formulated. The analysis of the test results made...
Safety and Security Engineering in Transport
Developing Novel Registration of Road Traffic Accidents
Jamshid Sodikov, Quvonchbek Musulmonov, Dilshod Imamaliev
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):F62-F71 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.F62-F71
The paper reviews the road traffic accident registration form and discusses existing practices carried out in Uzbekistan. The popularity of mobile phones/tablets and internet technologies in daily use and their increasing power in terms of speed and memory could assist efficiency and accuracy in the road traffic accident data collection. The authors review up-to-date mobile/internet technologies for the road accident data registration and propose a novel approach that covers various data sources including police data, hospital data, road department data, insurance company data, transport company data and social media data. The proposed approach integrates...
Safety in Cities and Transport through Sound Monitoring
Dalibor Smažinka, Martin Hrinko
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):F72-F81 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.F72-F81
This paper deals with the use of modern technology for security purposes, focusing on the situation in cities (urban noise and shooting) and in transport (passenger rail). The authors aimed to highlight the possibilities and capabilities of installation of technology in the field of applied physical acoustics (sensors, evaluation system with the possibility of setting sensitive sensing filters, end output) and the possibilities of monitoring, including the response of security forces or security measures to the detected danger. In the paper, the authors also include graphical representations of the energy-normalized spectra of the different sound backgrounds...
Optimization of Parameters for Pedestrian Simulation Software: A Case Study of Emergency Evacuation Experiments
Hari Krishna Gaddam, Lakshmi Devi Vanumu, Aditya Arya, K. Ramachandra Rao
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):F82-F96 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.F82-F96
This research study provides a new framework to optimize pedestrian simulation parameters required to replicate emergency evacuation conditions specifically observed in high rise buildings, passenger vehicles and transport terminals. The simulation experiments are performed with generalised social force model in VISWALK simulation environment. The data required for optimization are obtained by conducting several evacuation experiments. The results indicate that pedestrian behavioural aspects, such as the relaxation time, distance from the other pedestrian and force exerted by closest pedestrians, have a significant impact on total evacuation time....
Modeling the Intelligent Transport Systems Elements Functionality Testing Plan: A Case Study
Ján Ližbetin, Jan Pečman, Jiří Hanzl, Ondrej Stopka
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):F97-F108 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.F97-F108
Autonomous control and the associated development of relevant intelligent control systems have become an issue of interest in the automotive sector decades ago. This article deals with the issue of subsystem validation planning. The theoretical part describes the issue, characterizes the current state of the researched issues in selected scientific publications and characterizes the data and methods with which the authors work. The practical part of the article analyzes a case study in the form of a model project, its structure, testing requirements and design of a test campaign plan. The output is a calculation and decision tree, which determines...
Feasibility Study of Tsunami Evacuation Routes Based on Road Performance Using the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual
Cut Mutiawati, Fitrika Mita Suryani, M. Isya, Lulusi, Renni Anggraini, Vimia Nabila Putri, Riky Rivinaldi
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):F109-F119 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.F109-F119
Earthquake and tsunami preparedness is important to plan, especially in the earthquake and tsunami-prone areas, such as Banda Aceh. This study evaluates the tsunami evacuation routes' performance using the width of the road, travel time and the Degree of Saturation (DS) parameter. Some of the Degree of Saturation (DS) of the road segment surprisingly reach 1.0 to 3.18, exceeding the recommended 0.75 standard DS ratio. That indicates that the existing roads cannot accommodate traffic flow during evacuation. This study recommends the evacuation process by walking. Thus, developing the pedestrian routes according to evacuation safety requirements is strongly...
Travel and Tourism Studies in Transport Development
The Smart City Concept to Incentivize Public Transport in the v4 Countries in the Post-Covid-19 Period
Milan Kubina, Oliver Bubelíny
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2022, 24(4):G15-G23 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.4.G15-G23
The attractiveness of public transport is not high and therefore it is obvious that private transport is the preferred mode of transport. The interest in public transport has declined even more since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, during which passengers feared the rapid spread of the disease in public vehicles. As a result, the habit of traveling individually has increased. This paper highlights the massive increase in private transport in the V4 Countries by the use of private vehicles and the related decrease in use of public transport. It also presents some of the relevant tools of the Smart City concept that could improve the use of public...