Oldrich Trenz

The article is focused on rating classification of financial situation of enterprises using self-learning artificial neural networks. This is such a situation where the sets of objects of the particular classes are not well-known. Otherwise, it would be possible to use a multi-layer neural network with learning according to models. The advantage of a self-learning network is particularly the fact that its classification is not burdened by a subjective view. With reference to complexity, this sorting into groups may be very difficult even for experienced experts. The article also comprises the examples which confirm the described method functionality and the neural network model used. A major attention is focused on the classification of agricultural companies. For this purpose, financial indicators of eighty one agricultural companies were used.

The contribution deals with the prediction of crop yield levels, using an artificial intelligence approach, namely a multi-layer neural network model. Subsequently, we are contrasting this approach with several non-linear regression models, the usefulness of which has been tested and published several times in the specialized periodicals. The main stress is placed on judging the accuracy of the individual methods and of the implementation. A neural network simulation device is that which enables the user to set an adequate configuration of the neural network vis á vis the required task. The conclusions can be generalized for other tasks of a similar nature, especially for the tasks of a non-linear character, where the benefits of this method increase.

The objective of the paper is to demonstrate the abilities and possible approaches to classification of set of objects using self-organizing maps. As the objects, clients of an insurance company that made an agreement regarding mandatory insurance of motor vehicles were selected. The opinions of the clients and their overall satisfaction reflected in responses to presented answers. The clients were classified into three groups. The first two contained satisfied clients (i.e. good clients for the company), the last group contained clients that could potentially switch to the competitors. Subsequent analysis enabled discovering the reasons of low customer satisfaction and critical factors of losing the least satisfied clients. For the analysis of the responses (one hundred fifty-one) and the insurance company, experimental model of self-organizing map realized at the Department of informatics was used. Used experimental model has proved very effective software tool.

Neural networks present a modern, very effective and practical instrument designated for decision-making support. To make use of them, we not only need to select the neural network type and structure, but also a corresponding data adjustment. One consequence of unsuitable data use can be an inexact or absolutely mistaken function of the model. The need for a certain adjustment of input data comes from the features of the chosen neural network type, from the use of various metrics systems of object attributes, but also from the weight, i.e., the importance of individual attributes, but also from establishing representatives of classifying sets and learning about their characteristics. For the purposes of the classification itself, we can suffice with a model in which the number of output neurons equals the number of classifying sets. Nonetheless, the model with a greater number of neurons assembled into a matrix can testify more about the problem, and provides clearer visual informat...

Current trends of corporate performance evaluation, i.e. the measurement of environmental, social, economic and governance performance of company and corporate sustainable reporting are discussed in the paper. The relationship between company performance and reporting its key performance indicators is important, therefore, the development of modern and advanced methods and metrics to identify these indicators mainly based on the quantification with the possibility of utilization of information and communication technology are discussed.