Farhana haque

The aim of this paper is to discuss about an idea of cultural hierarchy that British could both dominate and control. In Culture and Imperialism “fortified each other to such a degree that it is impossible to read one without in some& way dealing with the other”. Through these lines it’s clear that, British identity becomes a major theme of many nineteenth century British novels. Colonization has been spread out its wings for colonizing several countries of this world, such as West indies, India, Australia etc. By establishing their regime, the English narratives became the predominant cultural issues along with the British inhabitants throughout the British Raj. Since the ideology of British people was to acquire the lands from non-European countries and they felt that they have the utmost right to do. The English literature incredibly announced their superiority and did builda higher class with English traits at the top of it and also made sure about their credibility throughout t...

The aim of this paper is to explore the identity crisis in Michael Ondaatje’s The English Patient from the postcolonial perspectives. Actually this novel has been discussed through the concept of nationalism, therefore gave more concentration towards the cultural, psychological and physical displacement due to colonization, exploration and the shifting notion from one place to another place. This paper’s main focus has centered aroundthe issues of national identities, the streams of European explorers, scientists and spies. After these significant issues, the another important focus was about anexceptional man in this novel and whose name was Kip. He was a colonized figure who acted as a bomb defuser in British army. To analyse the concept of nationalism and national identity, i would like tomention the theories of Benedict Anderson, theories and views of Benedict Anderson, Homi Bhabha, Franz Fanon, Edward Said, and so on. Desert was the predominant setting in this novel, like these...

This paper has been written to unveil the moral blindness of king Lear and the aftermath of blind judgement towards Cordelia, thereforeLear has gone through the phase of madness. In the play King Lear, moral blindness has been considered as the metaphorical blindness. Lear's blind love for Cordelia forcedhim to set up the love test. He was so sure about his younger daughter's declaration of love for him in a flattering way. But Cordelia did expressthe love for her father in a simple and lucid manner. It was the king who became blind morally after he disowned Cordelia, his youngest daughter. Without any hesitation Lear has banished Cordelia. However Kent advised Lear to reconsider his rash action and told him to see better. Instead of taking the good daughter, Lear took his evil minded daughters based on their spurious praiseworthy words to him. Besides the blindness of King Learwe have seen another example of moral and physical blindness through the character Gloucester. As ...

Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' represented the emblem of colonialism, racism, and social hierarchy. Prospero's superlative attitudes have created the prevalent touch of suppression over the native people in the play The Tempest. He was the man to supress the inhabitants in the strange land which he has been occupied illegally. Most of the characters in this play remained in a civilized way, although perfectly all of them were not civilized. Several times Prospero was referred as a tyrannical figure who was responsible about the concept of colonialism, racism and illustrated the ideas of social hierarchy. In the Renaissance world this social hierarchy has paved the way of rigidity, extreme political attitudes, God of higher class society. Prospero showed him as the true representator of Elizabethan social higher class. Hence the suppressive conquest has arrived over the lives of African, Asian and North American regions during the 16 th century which was known as Shakesp...

The aim of this paper is to discover how the author Jean Rhy's controversial post colonial text Wide Sargasso Sea has been elucidated how it agreed with the colonial project through her Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 16:9 September 2016 Farhana Haque, M.A. Jean Rhy's Controversial Post Colonial Text Wide Sargasso Sea Implicitly Agrees with and Elucidates the Colonial Project 66 protagonist Antoinette. The embedded colonial spirit has been stretched to its full strength also in this so called post colonial text. Jean Rhy's attempt was to raise the voice against the colonizers (Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre and give the proper right and reverence to the colonized other (Charlotte Bronte's character Bertha Mason) through her own strong and rebellious character Antoinette in the text Wide Sargasso Sea. The works of the Nineteenth century British novelists were predominantly the depiction of superiority throughout their texts. Charlotte Bronte...

Charles Dickens’ Great Expectation actually did reflect the Victorian society and therefore the morality of that era’s people inside of the novel. Since we know that Victorian era basically present some features such as virtue, strength, thrift, manners, cleanliness, honesty and chastity. These are the morals that Victorian people used to hold with high esteem. In this novel Great Expectations, Dickens has created some Victorian characters whom we have seen both in good working way or not at all. But the protagonist named Pip was dynamic and he went through some several changes and dealt with different and significant moral issues. Somehow Pip left behind all the values he was raised with. Because Miss Havisham and Estella have corrupted Pip with rich life. Greed, beauty and arrogance were his ingredient of immoral life. The other characters like Joe and Biddy were static characters throughout the entire novel and became noticeable to be the manifestation of what we call as ideal Vi...

Shakespeare's Macbeth has been written to show the evil nature of human being. How a person with good nature suddenly can turn into a wicked one, and that is usually happens because of extreme greed for power and higher position in his milieu. In this play, Shakespeare has exhibited the ambitious mind of Macbeth and lady Macbeth which has been forced them to commit the most vicious deeds towards the king Duncan. Shakespeare in this play didn't only portray the vicious nature of a man who got success in his villainous intentions but also showed that the natural order of things can regain its original shape. In this way my paper will eventually elucidate about Shakespeare's notion of depicting the transformation of a good person into a wicked one. Macbeth and lady Macbeth were two significant characters in this play who has been played the role of evil minded souls.

This paper has been concerned about the struggles of Hester Prynne after staying in a Puritan society. The novel The Scarlet Letter was based on a sad tale of love and betrayal within the context of New England. This story actually did express the individuality of Hester Prynne, who has fought against the set rules of the 17P th P century puritan society. After going through the injustice from the society she showed how a girl can remove the extreme debacle from her life and again stood like a winner. As a heroin Hester Prynne, has conducted in a binary position as a woman in Puritan society. Basically she has exhibited her rebellious nature and tenacity to combat against the exploitation of colonial rulers combined by church and state. The rebellious actions of Hester Prynne proved by her utmost endeavour with the Puritan community. In this way she proved herself as totally different from the traditional women who are always known as a loyal, docile and obedient to the unfair rules offered by society. Hester has won not only the self-reliance in economy, but also in thought. It can be sensed that through the strong character of Hester the maintenance of her individuality among the others in the puritan society was concrete. This paper will try to analyse the sad story of Hester Prynne who has gone through the phase of love and betrayal and also she did struggle to present her strict morals at the respect of her rebellious spirit, self-reliance and strong mind. The values and morals of the Puritan settlement influenced by the society. Within the novel, the individual minor characters and the community as a whole articulated the strict code by which individuals were expected to live and by which they were judged when they engaged in wrong deeds. Hawthorne recreated and emphasised about the struggle between righteousness and sin for the seventeenth century world. Hawthorne explored how the struggle and the public humiliation of a woman has contributed to individual failings that rooted in self-righteousness and self-justification.

The aim of this paper is to trace the elements of British colonialism and their superlative traits over their subordinate people. This paper will unfold the embedded colonial spirit in the works of the Nineteenth century British novel Jane Eyre. To do so i have chosen the two quintessential English novels, such as Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre(1847), and its prequel Wide Sargasso Sea (1966) written by Jean Rhys. The first novel was belonged to the Victorian period and the second novel Wide Sargasso Sea will help us to know how the colonial subjects or colonial others has been oppressed by the British colonizers. Through the post colonial text like Wide Sargasso Sea we could see that how far the supremacist ideologies has been ingrained in literature. For example, in the novels Jane Eyrewe could able to see how the identity of the Colonizer has been created by the depiction of colonial other. Charlotte Bronte hasbeen exhibited this beautifully in her novel JaneEyre.If we attempt to detect the history of British imperialism there we will see the expansion of British colonies and simultaneously parallel with the British concern for a national identity, arising mostly in the Eighteenth Century. With the colonization of the Caribbean Islands and the other subsequent British satellites, identity within the British Empire became even more complex. This reinforced the need for a distinction to be made between the multicultural, colonized British subjects and the racially, culturally and religiously homogenous Britons who possessed the coveted " Englishness ". Such idea of English superiority found its voice in the narratives of English novels, especially in those which were written during the Romantic and the Victorian period which was the primetime for the British imperial conquest. As i have given my settled goal of tracingcolonial predisposition and the anatomy of their superlative traits i have designed my paper with some important and significant parts to present the British Imperialism and their smug of being the powerful rulers. Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre will show how the British colonialism imposed their superiority towards the inferiors like West Indian creoles and shed further lights on this novel along with its post colonial counterpart, Jean Rhy's Wide Sargasso Sea. Jane Eyre will unveiled the cultural hierarchy which was presented in the text and also will explore the contested nature and meaning of 'Englishness' throughout the narrative of the colonizer (Jane Eyre) and the colonized body (Wide Sargasso Sea). While Bronte's text constructed the definition of Englishness by juxtaposing English characters against the colonial other, Rhy's text did fight against Bronte's cultural hierarchy while simultaneously colluding with the colonial project.

This paper has been written to present the ideologies of black community regarding the standards of American beauty in Toni Morison's The Bluest Eye. How the captivating ideas of ethereal beauty in the form of whiteness devoured their sense of actual beauty. While they were tend to grab the spurious whiteness, they made themselves far from their ancestral beauty which is blackness. Eventually they have met with the predicament situation and the precious existences became perished. The ugliness of racism came forward throughout the novel and their sense of inherited beauty was sold by the hands of whiteness. Cite This Article As: Haque F (2016). The Black Community " s Ideologies Regarding Whiteness in Toni Morison " s The Bluest Eye: A Comparative Study between the American Standard of Beauty and Racism. Inter. J. Eng. Lit. Cult. 4(7): xx-xx

Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' represented the emblem of colonialism, racism, and social hierarchy. Prospero's superlative attitudes have created the prevalent touch of suppression over the native people in the play The Tempest. He was the man to supress the inhabitants in the strange land which he has been occupied illegally. Most of the characters in this play remained in a civilized way, although perfectly all of them were not civilized. Several times Prospero was referred as a tyrannical figure who was responsible about the concept of colonialism, racism and illustrated the ideas of social hierarchy. In the Renaissance world this social hierarchy has paved the way of rigidity, extreme political attitudes, God of higher class society. Prospero showed him as the true representator of Elizabethan social higher class. Hence the suppressive conquest has arrived over the lives of African, Asian and North American regions during the 16 th century which was known as Shakespearean era. Later on, this process came to be known as colonialism, racism and the phase of social hierarchy. As a whole the effort of this paper is to unfold the character of Prospero to present the British colonization over the inferior peoples in a strange native land.

Abstract:The  aspect  of  diasporic  literature  has  got  the  ingrained  meanings  through  the  identity  crisis.  The shifting  of  place  usually  creates  the  notable  changes  in  a  man’s  scenario  of  origin.  Then  he/she  get  entered into  the  diverse  cultural  periphery.  Fluid  identity  make  a  person’s  identity  become  complex  in  the  age  of globalization.  In  the  21st  century,  this  diasporic  literature  has  almost  seen  in  most  of  the  modern  writer’s  writing pieces.  Jhumpa  Lahiri  is  one  of  them.  In  her  famous  novel  The  Namesake,  the  themes  of  alienation,  loneliness, rootlessness,  homelessness  and  quest  for  identity  became  prominent  and  prevail  over  the  other  themes  of this  novel.  Jhumpa  Lahiri  is  a  remarkable  voice  of  Indian  diaspora  in  America.  She  has  decorated  the  Story  of her  novel  according  to  her  own  life’s  diasporic  experiences.  There  in  the  novel  Jhumpa  Lahiri  has  instilled  the concept  of  dismantle  culture  between  the  two  countries  such  as  India  and  America.  The  amalgamation  of  the two  cultures  made  Gogol’s  life  became  unfavourable  and  thus  he  has  started  to  live  in  different  social  milieus. He  tried  to  internalize  both  the  Indian  and  American  cultures  but  at  last  failed  to  recognize  his  own  self  as  he was  busy  to  adjust  with  the  blending  cultures.  Jhumpa  Lahiri  took  the  issue  of  Gogol’s  expatriation  as  a  life of  contestation  and  negotiations.  Gogol’s  nebulous  name  made  his  identity  almost  perished.  This  paper  will explore  Gogol’s  life’s  two  different  cultural  backgrounds,  different  religious  matters  and  the  way  of  leading  life in America as an immigrant.

As a perennial author Kazi Nazrul Islam upholds the title of 'Rebel poet' in Bangla literature as well as in world literature. Being a Muslim musician, poet and novelist, he used his poetry to inspire Indians to rebel against British colonialism. Thus is the proof of Nazrul's inflammatory attitudes against oppression. He had several pieces of literature banned by the British government in an attempt to supress the rebellious movements. Bidrohi is one of his famous anti British writing piece, which has immediately placed him in the public eye. In the time of rebellion and political unrest, Nazrul's poetry played a crucial role in uniting the oppressed and providing them with an intense sense of nationalism. He joined Swadeshi (self rule) and boycotts British He has composed many songs to sing and let the youths to become enthusiastic for ingrained nationalism, patriotism. His literary works were very much against the foreign rule, communalism, imperialism, colonialism, fundamentalism and exploitation. British government prescribed his books and put him behind bars. Through his written Rajbandir jibanbondi (prisoner's deposition) and his forty days hunger strike, Nazrul protested against the harassment. His writings were full of revolutionary messages that stirred up the spirit of freedom amongnest the grass roots level foiling masses. This made the British government cautious about Nazrul. This paper is an effort to understand the fierce works of Kazi Nazrul Islam, including some of his famous poems, songs, essays and anthologies.

Gothic novel represents both the horror and romantic parts. The paramount features of gothic novel includes some salient elements such as, terror, mystery, ghosts, haunted houses, gothic architecture, darkness, death, decay, madness, secrets and hereditary curses. In gothic novel, besides the main characters there we usually find the traces of tyrants, villains, maniacs, Byronic heroes, persecuted maidens, femme's fatales, demons, revenants, ghosts and the devil itself. Therefore the aim of the gothic novel is to horrify, shock, and the most important thing is to affect the readers. Gothic novel doesn't follow the conventions of society rather that its main concentration is to present the horrific nature of the story. After the observation of the novel Wuthering Heights we have seen the concoctation of gothic elements which has made it as a perfect gothic novel by Emily Bronte. Wuthering Heights was mainly the story of two families, and two people, who were incredibly attached through a series of dark, enigmatic and sinister events. Primarily Wuthering Heights was an English Romantic novel but the main settings and the story line showed that it was gothic novel from every perspective.

— Raina has been portrayed as one of the major characters in the play Arms and the Man by George Bernard Shaw. Raina was fascinated towards love and gradually her sense of love got changed because of her psychological issue. In this paper i would like to exhibit the character Raina's mental condition through the psychoanalytical explanation of Sigmund Freud.To analyse Arms and the Man, most of the researchers used the psychoanalytical approach and qualitative method. Therefore the researchers did attempt to analysis the character of Raina after using the defense contrivance. In this way i have intended to analysis the psychological condition of Raina step by step. First of all the analysis will begin with Id, Ego, Superego, anxiety and at last her defense contrivance.George Bernard Shaw actually proved that in the attributes of Raina there were the presence of idea and reality and secondly the anxiety based on the conflicts between Id, Ego, Superego therefore this major and phenomenal character did generate defense contrivance regarding her changing attitudes towards love.

This paper has been written to unveiled the embedded colonial spirit of British's domestic exploitation and the overseas exploitation throughout the novel Pride and Prejudice and Mansfield Park by Jane Austen. After exploring the novel Pride and Prejudice i have found out Jane Austen's attachment with Imperialism which has expressed by the exploitation of domestic labours. The more we stepped to go deep inside of the novel the more we will able to know how the British people did treat their domestic labours or peasants with ruling power and considered them as inferior and mean. To describe the imperial attitudes, i must travel from the higher to the lower class people in the novel Pride and Prejudice. In pride and Prejudice there has been the presence of overseas exploitation and as well as, after exploring the novel Mansfield Park i have got the immensely fixed ideas about overseas exploitation. Hence the aim of my paper is to make the link of these two novels with the ideas of imperialism through the domestic and overseas exploitation.

This paper will present some major complexities between the colonizer of British Raj and the colonized inhabitants in a novel named A Passage to India by E.M Forster. Throughout this novel it also has unveiled the oversimplified idea that Orientals did depict. Therefore the continuous system of constructing to which the recently arrived persons who were subjected for creating colonizers and then all became identical. After that it has been dealt with the image of the land and seemed so hostile to the colonizers, combating with them and made their feelings intense about alienation and exile. This is the novel which has been portrayed the problematic issues of making identity, connecting the race relations and complexities of colonial discourse in dual contexts. The exploration of the text of the novel from a post-colonial point of view revealed the depiction of the socio-psychological of Anglo-Indians during the period of the British Raj. Minute observations of Forster's portrayal of India will be our realization of the psychological dilemma of Anglo-Indians who desired to call India as their home.

After the world war II in 1920s there has been created the void situation in the society. The desolate condition has found by the modern people. They were having the predicament life with stranded fate and the consequence has came negatively upon their life which was called the moral degradation. Most of the critics felt to write about their disrupt feelings towards the immoral sides of the fashioned people with empty hearts. T. S Eliot was a scintillating figure who did attempt to write and depicted the picture of modernism and dilemma of actual morality. To show the disposition about his ideologies regarding moral dilemma and voidness in modern people " s life, Eliot has been written his magnificent piece of poem named The Waste Land (1922). After the publication of this remarkable poem, the modern society of that time has been shaken like anything. Because this poem did deconstruct the structure of modernism and the concoctation of other elements. After the postwar the emptiness in modern people has been presented as like the disease of the age. However Eliot did divide this poem into five incredibly meaningful parts where he did use some mythical elements. The effort of this paper is to show how the poem The West Land symbolically suggested the death of spiritual quest of men. Therefore asked some dispute kind of questions on modernism. Through this paper i will attempt to expose the picture of modern people " s void life which has given by the name of west land. Eliot actually tried to tie the uncomfortable zone with the human " s universal problems and also he intended to discern a possible way of coming out from that eternal malaise in human life.