- Karnal, Haryana, India
Amrish Tyagi
National Dairy Research Institute, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, Faculty Member
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Probiotics are living microorganisms that confer health benefits to host when administered in adequate amounts. To develop novel host-specific probiotic for their application as feed additive, the present study was undertaken to isolate... more
Probiotics are living microorganisms that confer health benefits to host when administered in adequate amounts. To develop novel host-specific probiotic for their application as feed additive, the present study was undertaken to isolate and characterize probiotic strains of indigenous cattle-calves origin. A total of 55 colonies were isolated from 12 healthy calves, with 34 of the isolates being Gram-positive, catalase-negative and vancomycin-resistant. Furthermore, eleven isolates showed tolerance to acid (pH 2.0) and thirteen isolates tolerated bile salts (0.3%). Seven common acid and bile tolerance strains were further investigated for other probiotic attributes and displayed higher (p< 0.05) auto-aggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity values. Moreover, all seven isolates had potent antibacterial activity against pathobiont E. coli as well as significant co-aggregation capacity and enzyme activity. In vitro biosafety assessment revealed that all seven isolates were non-hemolytic, negative for mucin degradation and susceptible to most of the antibiotics. Based on the obtained findings, heatmap and principal component analysis identified four highly effective probiotic candidates confirmed by 16S rDNA sequencing as Limosilactobacillus reuteri SW23, Limosilactobacillus reuteri SW26, Limosilactobacillus reuteri SW27 and Enterococcus faecium SW28, respectively. Further studies on biosafety aspect are warranted for the application of these strains in animal as potential probiotics.HIGHLIGHTSL. reuteri SW23, L. reuteri SW26, L. reuteri SW28 and Enterococcus faecium SW28 were successfully isolated and identified from indigenous calves' feces.These microbes were characterized for potential probiotics attributes.Heatmap analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) was used along with probiotic attributes to select highly effective probiotic candidates.
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Ten multiparous crossbred cows and ten Murrah buffaloes (80S 8ubalis) in their early stage of lactation were randomly divided into four group of 5 animals each (Groups1 and 2 for cows and groups 3 and 4 for buffaloes). Animals of groups 1... more
Ten multiparous crossbred cows and ten Murrah buffaloes (80S 8ubalis) in their early stage of lactation were randomly divided into four group of 5 animals each (Groups1 and 2 for cows and groups 3 and 4 for buffaloes). Animals of groups 1 and 3 were offered ad lib. berseem fodder (Trifolium alexandrinum) and wheat straw and groups 2 and 4 were fed concentrate mixture and wheat straw ad lib. for 12 weeks of experimental period. After an adaptation period of 4 weeks, the milk samples collected at fortnightly intervals were analyzed for milk fat, solid not fat, total solids and milk protein. Milk sample (100 ml) from each animal of all the four groups was collected from the morning and evening milking at fortnightly interval and pooled for fatty acid analysis including CLA. Ghee (clarified butter oil) was also prepared at fortnightly intervals by indigenous and creamery (commercial) methods from the total milk of each group. The milk yield in four respective groups averaged 12.06, 11.9...
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Newly born crossbred dairy calves (24) of either sex were selected and equally distributed into 3 treatment groups, viz. control, treatment-1 and treatment-2, for evaluating the effect of feeding different liquid diets on their growth... more
Newly born crossbred dairy calves (24) of either sex were selected and equally distributed into 3 treatment groups, viz. control, treatment-1 and treatment-2, for evaluating the effect of feeding different liquid diets on their growth performances. Control group received whole milk and skim milk as per institute feeding schedule, whereas the T1 and T2 groups were fed on whole milk and milk replacer, respectively, at the constant rate 1/10th of their body weight. The birth weights of calves in control, T1 and T2 groups were 29.83±3.12, 29.66±2.47 and 30.83±3.07 kg and the final body weights were 64.00±3.39, 73.43±3.40 and 58.16±3.68 kg, respectively. The overall average daily gain (ADG) in control, T1 and T2 were 406.74±17.50, 521.03±17.00 and 325.39±13.23 g, respectively, where T1 showed significantly higher ADG than control and T2. The average daily dry matter intake in control, T1 and T2 was 0.86±0.04, 0.91±0.05 and 0.83±0.05 kg, respectively, which were nonsignificant from each o...
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Multiparous Murrah buffaloes (16) and cows (16) in their early stage of lactation were randomly divided into 2 groups of 8 animals each (groups 1 and 2 for buffaloes and groups 3 and 4 for cows) to study the effect of monensin... more
Multiparous Murrah buffaloes (16) and cows (16) in their early stage of lactation were randomly divided into 2 groups of 8 animals each (groups 1 and 2 for buffaloes and groups 3 and 4 for cows) to study the effect of monensin supplementation on conjugated linoleic acid content in their milk. Animals in groups 1 and 3 were offered maize forage, wheat straw and concentrate mixture and animals in groups 2 and 4 were supplemented with ionophore, i.e. 200 mg monensin sodium/d. Nutritional requirements of the animals were fulfilled as per standard requirements for 90 days of experimental period. Concentrate mixture contained more linoleic acid as compared to maize fodder (14.22 vs 3.54 mg/ g dry sample); whereas linolenic acid was more in maize as compared to concentrate mixture (6.82 vs 1.32 mg/g dry sample). After an adaptation period of 30 days, the milk samples were collected at fortnightly intervals and analyzed for milk fat, solid not fat, total solids and milk protein. Milk sample...
The present work was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing Aloe vera extract on rumen fermentation efficiency, nutrient utilization, lactation performance, and antioxidant status of goats. Twenty-four crossbreed lactating... more
The present work was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing Aloe vera extract on rumen fermentation efficiency, nutrient utilization, lactation performance, and antioxidant status of goats. Twenty-four crossbreed lactating goats (Alpine × Beetal) were divided into three experimental groups (AV0, AV2, and AV4). AV0 had no supplementation, groups AV2 and AV4 received ready to feed aqueous extract of Aloe vera at 20 and 40 g/kg dry matter intake, respectively, along with basal diet and experiment lasted for 100 days. Average DMI did not vary (P > 0.05) among treatment groups; however, the metabolic bodyweight of AV4 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the AV0 and AV2 groups (AV0 = AV2 > AV4). Intake and digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and EE were unaffected (P > 0.05) by Aloe vera supplementation. The milk production, yield of milk fat, protein, lactose, and solid not fat (SNF) of goats in the AV4 group were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than other groups (AV4 > AV2 = AV0). The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes and levels of plasma ferric reducing total antioxidant power were high (P < 0.01) in the Aloe vera supplemented group (AV4 = AV2 > AV0). There was no significant difference (P = 0.979) in the pH, acetic acid (P = 0.449), and butyric acid (P = 0.864) concentration of the rumen liquor among the treatment groups. The propionic acid concentration was similar between AV2 and AV4 and significantly higher (P = 0.024) than the AV0 group (AV4 = AV2 > AV0). Moreover, C2:C3 values were significantly lower (P = 0.037) in the AV4 group compared to the control (AV0). Thus, Aloe vera supplementation enhanced milk yield, propionic acid production, and antioxidant status without affecting nutrient utilization; however, results were better in the AV4 group. The inclusion of Aloe vera at 40 g/kg of DMI would improve the rumen fermentation efficiency, lactation performance, and overall health status of the dairy goats.
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Crossbred male calves (18) of similar age (8-9 months) and body weight (110-190 kg) were distributed into 3 groups of 6 each on the basis of their body weight. The calves in control group (01) were fed on concentrate mixture containing... more
Crossbred male calves (18) of similar age (8-9 months) and body weight (110-190 kg) were distributed into 3 groups of 6 each on the basis of their body weight. The calves in control group (01) were fed on concentrate mixture containing groundnut oilcake as a sole protein supplement, which was replaced by mustard oilcake (Brassica carnpestris) (G2) and taramira oilcake (Eruca sativa) (G3), respectively. Wheat straw ad lib. and leguminous fodder (1 kg) was fed to all the calves for 90 days. Gluconapin and glucobrassica napin were the major glucosinolates of mustard oilcake., whereas, glucoerucin was the major glucosinolate in taramira oilcake. Total glucosinolates content ofconcentrate mixtures G1, G2 and G3 was 0, 17.59 and 17.50 mmol/g, respectively. Dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, serum T3 and T4 levels and growth rate of growing calves indicated that protein supplied by groundnut oilcake in the concentrate mixture can be replaced with mustard or tararn...
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The seasonal lack of availability of lush green forages can force dairy farmers in developing nations to rely on crop residues such as wheat and rice straw as the major feed source. We tested whether ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX)... more
The seasonal lack of availability of lush green forages can force dairy farmers in developing nations to rely on crop residues such as wheat and rice straw as the major feed source. We tested whether ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) treatment of wheat straw would increase the energy available to Murrah buffalo and Karan-Fries cattle consuming 70% of their diet as wheat straw in India. Forty lactating animals of each species were blocked by parity and days in milk and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment diets (n = 10). Treatments were a nutrient-rich diet with 0 to 20% straw (positive control; PC) and 3 high-straw diets with various levels of AFEX-treatment: (1) 70% untreated straw (no AFEX), (2) 40 to 45% untreated straw with 25 to 30% AFEX-treated straw (low AFEX), and (3) 20% untreated straw with 50% AFEX-treated straw (high AFEX). The AFEX-treated straw was pelleted. Urea was added to the no and low AFEX diets so they were isonitrogenous with the high AFEX diet. Animals were indi...
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Fatty acids such as n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are critical nutrients, used to improve male reproductive performance through modification of fatty acid profile and maintenance of sperm membrane integrity, especially... more
Fatty acids such as n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are critical nutrients, used to improve male reproductive performance through modification of fatty acid profile and maintenance of sperm membrane integrity, especially under cold shock or cryopreservation condition. Also, PUFAs provide the precursors for prostaglandin synthesis and can modulate the expression patterns of many key enzymes involved in both prostaglandin and steroid metabolism. Many studies carried out on diets supplemented with PUFAs have demonstrated their capability to sustain sperm motility, viability and fertility during chilling and freezing as well as improve testis development and spermatogenesis in a variety of livestock species. In addition to the type and quantity of dietary fatty acids, ways of addition of PUFAs to diet or semen extender is very crucial as it has different effects on semen quality in male ruminants. Limitation of PUFAs added to ruminant ration is due to biohydrogenation by...
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Present study evaluated the effect of added free fatty acids, dietary oils and plant extracts on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) production potential of anaerobic Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens bacteria. Different concentration of plant... more
Present study evaluated the effect of added free fatty acids, dietary oils and plant extracts on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) production potential of anaerobic Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens bacteria. Different concentration of plant extracts of Solanum nigrum, Rumex dentatus, Boerhaavia diffusa Linn., Amaranthus nlitum Linn., Peristrophe bicalyculata, Phyllanthus sp. Leucas aspera and Cuminum cyminum (0.50, 1.0, 1.5%, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8 and 10 mg/ml of media); pure linoleic and linolenic acid (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 μg/ml of media) and dietary oils (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 μg/ml of media) were used in media. The results revealed that an increase in the concentration of fatty acids suppressed growth of B. fibrisolvens and its cell density reached maximum (1.58 OD; 600 nm) at 18 h of incubation. A gradual rise in CLA production by B. fibrisolvens was observed parallel to increasing concentration of dietary oils from 50 to 250 μg/ml followed with slight decrease at level of 300 μg. Sup...
Present address: 1 Ph.D. Scholar (drumeshsontakke @gmail.com), 3 Principal Scientist (Amrishtyagi1963 @yahoo.com) Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division. 2 Principal Scientist (harjit 1955@gmail.com), Agricultural Extension Division, ICAR, New... more
Present address: 1 Ph.D. Scholar (drumeshsontakke @gmail.com), 3 Principal Scientist (Amrishtyagi1963 @yahoo.com) Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division. 2 Principal Scientist (harjit 1955@gmail.com), Agricultural Extension Division, ICAR, New Delhi. 4 Assistant Professor (muneendra82@gmail.com), Department of Animal Nutrition, DUVASU, Mathura. 5 Scientist (drasrafvet@gmail.com), National Dairy Development Board, Anand. During refining of rice bran oil in the enzymatic degumming process, large quantities of RBLP is produced as by-product which is a potent source of phospholipids and consists mainly of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and triglycerides. Lecithin has emulsifying property and improves the digestibility of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Intact phospholipids reach the hindgut and increase lipid absorption in the small intestine which results in favorable changes in milk fatty acid composition. The proportion of mono-and poly-unsaturated fatty ...
The present trial of 140 days with eighteen Kankrej calves divided into three dietary treatments (T 1 , T 2 and T 3) was conducted to test efficacy of feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae to growing calves reared on 50:50, concentrate to... more
The present trial of 140 days with eighteen Kankrej calves divided into three dietary treatments (T 1 , T 2 and T 3) was conducted to test efficacy of feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae to growing calves reared on 50:50, concentrate to roughage ration. In addition, the calves under T2 and T3 were given 5 and 10 g/d Provisacc comprising of 5 x 10 9 cells (cfu/g) live yeast (S. cerevisae), respectively. After 100 days of experimental feeding, a digestibility trial for 7 days was conducted. Rumen liquor and blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment. The dry matter (DM) intake of experimental calves was similar. The digestibility coefficients for DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were significantly (p<0.05) increased in both the live yeast supplemented groups. S. cerevisiae supplementation reduced ruminal ammonia nitrogen and increased total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) concentratio...
ABSTRACT Fifteen Murrah buffaloes were distributed in groups I, II and III. The group I animals were fed with groundnut cake-based concentrate, group II animals with mustard cake-based concentrate and group III with 2% of mustard oil... more
ABSTRACT Fifteen Murrah buffaloes were distributed in groups I, II and III. The group I animals were fed with groundnut cake-based concentrate, group II animals with mustard cake-based concentrate and group III with 2% of mustard oil added to the group II feed. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) estimation in milk was done by using GC. The average total CLA contents (mg/g milk fat) in the three groups were 6.84, 12.12 and 19.50 mg/g of fat respectively. Hence it was concluded that addition of 2% mustard oil resulted in a 185% increase in milk fat total CLA content.
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In vivo studies were conducted to observe the effect of feeding rice bran lyso-phospholipids (RBLP) and rumen protected fat (RPF) in 18 crossbred lactating Karan Fries (Holstein Friesian × Sahiwal) cows. They were randomly allocated to 3... more
In vivo studies were conducted to observe the effect of feeding rice bran lyso-phospholipids (RBLP) and rumen protected fat (RPF) in 18 crossbred lactating Karan Fries (Holstein Friesian × Sahiwal) cows. They were randomly allocated to 3 treatment groups having 6 animals in each group. Group 1 was supplemented with 2.5% mustard oil, group 2 with 6% RBLP and group 3 with 3% RPF in the concentrate mixture. All the 3 diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. All the cows were given roughage: concentrate mixture (60: 40) ration and roughage comprised of berseem fodder (30%) and wheat straw (30%) as per requirements. Lactating Karan Fries cows averaging 12±2.5 kg of milk, 100±9 days in milk and 400±15 kg live weight, were stratified for milk yield, days in milk, age, stage of lactation and body weight. The dry matter intake (DMI) averaged 12.14, 11.77 and 11.88 kg/d in groups 1–3, respectively. The intake and digestibility of nutrients were not affected by different treatments, whereas t...
... However, the formation of the water-soluble complex is based on a tedious procedure of refluxing CD with c60 in water for 18-48 h. We have now developed a simple and novel method of makingwater-soluble complexes of c60 with CD at room... more
... However, the formation of the water-soluble complex is based on a tedious procedure of refluxing CD with c60 in water for 18-48 h. We have now developed a simple and novel method of makingwater-soluble complexes of c60 with CD at room temperature. ...
Research Interests: Analytical Chemistry, Absorption spectroscopy, Chemical Analysis, Powder X-Ray Diffraction, Mathematical Model, and 9 moreSpectrum, X ray diffraction, Room Temperature, Chemical Reaction, Water soluble polymers, Aqueous Solution, Equilibrium Constant, Thermal gravimetric analysis, and Optical Absorption
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Conjugated linoleic acid, a fatty acid found in milk fat and ruminant meat is one of the functional food components. Modifying fatty acid composition so as to increase CLA and other beneficial PUFA/MUFA level and reducing SFA levels might... more
Conjugated linoleic acid, a fatty acid found in milk fat and ruminant meat is one of the functional food components. Modifying fatty acid composition so as to increase CLA and other beneficial PUFA/MUFA level and reducing SFA levels might be a key to enhance the neutraceutical and therapeutic value of ruminant-derived food products. In the present experiment, the effect of supplementation of polyphenol rich Terminalia chebula plant extract at different concentrations (1.06g/kg and 3.18g/kg of body weight in T1 and T2 groups, respectively) was investigated on fatty acid composition of rumen fluid, plasma, intramuscular fat and Δ9-desaturase activity in longissimus dorsi muscle of crossbred kids. Total MUFA and PUFA content in muscle were enhanced by 25 and 35%, respectively, whereas SFA was reduced by 20% thereby improving the desaturation index. Δ9-desaturase activity also increased by 47% resulting in an enhancement of total CLA content (58.73%) in muscle.
Research Interests: Chemical Engineering, Meat Science, Animal Production, Functional Food, Animals, and 15 moreMeat, Male, Dietary Supplements, Milk Fat, Milk, Goats, Fatty Acid, Body Weight, Food Sciences, Plant Extract, Indexation, Food Products, Longissimus Dorsi, Fatty Acid Composition, and Conjugated linoleic acid
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Résumé/Abstract Taramira (Eruca saliva) is a highly drought resistant oil seed crop belonging to Cruciferae family for the areas having very light soils. Forage, whole seed, and mainly oil-cakes are used for animal feeding. Present... more
Résumé/Abstract Taramira (Eruca saliva) is a highly drought resistant oil seed crop belonging to Cruciferae family for the areas having very light soils. Forage, whole seed, and mainly oil-cakes are used for animal feeding. Present studywas conducted to evaluate ...
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Twenty crossbred lactating multiparous cows were used in a 28-day study to compare dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, milk composition andBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) protein concentrations in plasma when fed diets containing Bollgard... more
Twenty crossbred lactating multiparous cows were used in a 28-day study to compare dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, milk composition andBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) protein concentrations in plasma when fed diets containing Bollgard II®cottonseed (BGII) or a control non-genetically modified isogenic cottonseed (CON). Bollgard II cottonseed contains the Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab insecticidal proteins that protect cotton plants from feeding damage caused by certain lepidopteran insects. Cows were assigned randomly to the BGII or CON treatments after a 2-week adjustment period. Cows consumed a concentrate containing 40% crushed cottonseed according to milk yield and green maize foragead libitum. All cows received the same diet but with different crushed cottonseed sources. Cottonseed was included to provide approximately 2.9 kg per cow daily (dry matter basis). The ingredient composition of the concentrate was 40% crushed cottonseed, 15% groundnut cake, 20% corn, 22% wheat bran, 1% salt and ...