Water soluble polymers

The present study aimed to assess the potentiality of water soluble fungal pigments for dyeing on cotton yarn. Five different shades of pigments were extracted from Monascus purpureus, Isaria farinosa, Emericella nidulans, Fusarium verticillioides, and Penicillium purpurogenum using ethanol. Maximum concentration of pigment was obtained from Monascus purpureus (red, 25.02±1.6 UA) followed by Penicillium purpurogenum (yellow, 23.05±0.3 UA). The optimum dyeing condition was observed at a pigment concentration of 1 gram, pH 5, temperature 80 °C, time duration 90 min, and a liquor ratio of 1:30 was found to be the optimal for dyeing. Maximum uptake of 80 % was achieved with Monascus purpureus red pigment. Moreover, the effect of mordant in dyeing was evaluated by different mordanting methods. A strong variation in shade and color depth could be achieved by using pre-mordanting method with alum and ferrous sulfate giving better wash fastness properties when compared with post-mordanting or without a mordant.

Purpose The aim of our prospective study was to compare patient tolerance of laxative free fecal tagging regimen (LFT) versus traditional cathartic cleansing (TC). Materials and methods 264 patients, at average risk for development of colorectal cancer (105 men and 159 women; mean age 62 years ± 5 SD), underwent 32 rows CT colonography. Patients were alternatively placed into 2 study groups: Group 1 (n = 132) followed TC and Group 2 (n = 132) LFT. TC protocol consisted of no fiber diet and Phospho-lax® 80 mL in 2 L of water the day before imaging. LFT protocol consisted of no fiber diet and ingestion with meals of 30 mL of water-soluble iodinated contrast agent (Gastrografin®) for 2 days before imaging. No frank laxative drugs were administered. All studies were reviewed in a combined fashion, primary 2D followed by 3D endoluminal and dissected views. After the examination all patients were asked to provide a feedback about tolerance to the each bowel preparation. The first 30 patients of each group were also investigated with optical colonoscopy (OC) used as gold standard to confirm our diagnosis (Group 1* and Group 2*). Conclusions LFT reduces discomfort and seems to improve diagnostic accuracy of CTC.

Nutritional and technological properties for the design of fruit processing machines were determined for wild plum fruit, at a moisture content of 20.65% (d.b.). The moisture, ash, crude protein, crude oil, crude fibre, pH, acidity, water soluble-extract and mineral contents of completely ripe fruits were investigated. Mineral content of wild plum growing in Turkey were determined by an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). All materials contained high amounts of K (9879.57 mg/kg), Ca (920.82 mg/kg), Mg (916.68 mg/kg), P (659.15 mg/kg), S (122.69 mg/kg), Na (40.46 mg/kg) and Fe (30.1 mg/kg). Also, technological properties such as length and diameter of fruit, unit mass, volume of fruit, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, bulk density, fruit density, porosity, projected area, terminal velocity kernel and pulp mass, static and dynamic coefficient of friction were measured at 20.65% moisture content. The values of length, mass, diameter, geometric mean diameter and sphericity of wild plum fruit were established as 28.14 mm, 15.33 g, 30.16 mm, 29.47 mm and 1.04, respectively. In the same moisture content, projected area, volume, kernel and pulp mass, bulk density, fruit density, porosity, terminal velocity, fruit hardness, static friction and dynamic friction coefficients were determined as 8.96 cm2, 17.02 cm3, 1.60 g, 15.66 g, 515.12 kg/m3, 1057.99 kg/m3, 50.20%, 16.19 m/s, 7.8 N, 0.449–0.625 and 0.381–0.519, respectively. This work attempts to allocate the knowledge deficit on the nutritional properties of these plants.

The aim of this work was to develop biodegradable films based on blends of gelatin and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), without a plasticizer. Firstly, the effect of five types of PVA with different degree of hydrolysis (DH) on the physical properties of films elaborated with blends containing 23.1% PVA was studied. One PVA type was then chosen for the study of the effect of the PVA concentration on the mechanical properties, color, opacity, gloss, and water solubility of the films. The five types of PVA studied allowed for films with different characteristics, but with no direct relationship with the DH of the PVA. Therefore, the PVA Celvol®418 with a DH = 91.8% was chosen for the second part, because they produced films with greater tensile strength. The PVA concentration affected all studied properties of films. These results could be explained by the results of the DSC and FTIR analyses, which showed that some interactions between the gelatin and the PVA occurred depending on the PVA concentration, affecting the crystallinity of the films.

Carotenoids are a group of phytochemicals that are recognized as playing an important role in the prevention of several degenerative diseases due to their antioxidant activity. The low water-solubility and poor photostability of β-carotene, a potentially important dietary antioxidant, prompted us to investigate β-carotene complexes able to increase its water solubility as well as its photostability in aqueous solution. In this work we have used humic acid in order to synthesize β-carotene–humic acid complexes in different ratios.Complexes were characterized by FT-IR and DSC. β-Carotene determination were performed by HPLC and antioxidant activity of β-carotene, humic acid and the complexes were determined by the TEAC method. The formulation β-carotene–humic acid 2:1 showed the highest photostability and water solubility. The antioxidant activity of the complexes was about 20 times lower than “free” β-carotene, suggesting a decreased chemical reactivity of the carotenoid in the complex. We showed that complexation of β-carotene with humic acids was able to increase its water solubility and photostability, and to affect the antioxidant activity of β-carotene after inclusion in HAs. This work provides a useful tool to avoid antioxidants photodegradation and oxidation by radicals, thus maintaining their biological activity.

The aim of this work was the evaluation of conductivity assessments for the monitoring and controlling the release study process of chlorhexidine and lidocaine hydrochloride from the ionic polyacrylic gel, applying different temperatures. According to performed measurements of release, the chlorhexidine, characterized by very low water solubility, is observed in the acceptor compartment in the amount of 2.0-3.0% and its level depends of the temperature. The amount of well soluble lidocaine hydrochloride released in parallel conditions was between 60 and 70%. Beyond, the assessments confirm the presence of a specific bond between the chlorhexidine imine groups and polyacrylic acid carboxylic groups. Presented method may be applied in the prediction of release rates, before actual release analysis, and may assure better evaluation of the systems.

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A case of incomplete duplication of the esophagus diagnosed in a 20-month-old girl with an esophageal perforation is presented. X-ray films of the chest showed pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. A water soluble contrast esophagogram revealed a contrast leakage from the cervical esophagus to the thoracic inlet. The endoscopic findings are described. Complete resection of the esophageal duplication was effective.

Novel electronic materials play an ever-increasing role in technological applications. They cover a rather broad spectrum of materials that exhibit exotic transport and magnetic properties. These include superconductors, narrow band gap semiconductors, electronically active polymers, colossal magneto resistive systems, nanoscale electronic materials, and Fullerenes, to name a few. Understanding the interplay between strong electronic correlations and structural properties of these materials is important. In this communication, we report the growth and preliminary characterization of single crystal Cerium based intermetallic compounds that are known to show superconductivity at Tc = 2.3K.

A method was developed to chemically functionalize graphene sheets by silylation. The graphene oxide sheets were silanized with N-(trimethoxysilylpropyl) ethylenediamine triacetic acid. Then the silanized graphene oxide sheets were reduced to produce water-soluble graphene derivatives (EDTA–graphenes). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to characterize the structures and properties of the EDTA–graphenes and to

This article examines the storage, transfer and cycling of metals within water, soil and sediment systems in and around Mount Isa Queensland, Australia. The impacts and risks arising from agricultural activities, Mount Isa mine ore extraction, sewage treatment releases, urban runoff on the downstream Leichhardt River and associated drinking water supplies are considered. The ephemeral Leichhardt River bisects the City