Ratna Dahiya
NIT KURUKSHETRA, Electrical Engineering, Faculty Member
Due to rapid growth in industrialization and urbanization, much more capable transmission and distribution system is required to overcome the growing demand for electricity. So, to mitigate the reliability and power quality, FACTS devices... more
Due to rapid growth in industrialization and urbanization, much more capable transmission and distribution system is required to overcome the growing demand for electricity. So, to mitigate the reliability and power quality, FACTS devices have been developed in recent decades. FACTS equipment operates under the direction of the system operator who analyzes its requirements through data acquired by traditional SCADA systems, state estimation algorithms and PMUs. SCADA works with PMU to provide accurate real time information on the operation of power system. The paper presents a strategy for the optimal location of FACTS devices and uses optimal number of PMUs to automate them. Intelligent Controllers are incorporated for the effective automation of FACTS devices using real time data from PMUs. Thus, reactive power control, voltage stability and power transfer capability of the system can be enhanced. Here MATLAB coding is used to optimize number of FACTS devices to improve voltage stability for IEEE 33 radial bus system. The optimization of PMUs is done by OPP Formulation and the obtained results are described briefly.
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Authentication time is the main and important part of the authentication system. Normally the response time should be fast but as the number of persons in the database increases, there is probability of more response time taken for... more
Authentication time is the main and important part of the authentication system. Normally the response time should be fast but as the number of persons in the database increases, there is probability of more response time taken for authentication. The need of fast authentication system arises so that authentication time (matching time) is very less. This paper proposes a sliding window approach to make fast authentication system. The highlight of sliding window method is constant matching time, fast and can match translated images also. Several palmprint matching methods like match by correlation etc. are dependent upon the number of corners detected and so is the matching time. In sliding window method, matching time is constant as the numbers of matching operations are limited and the matching time is independent of the number of corners detected. The palmprint corner features extracted using two approaches Phase Congruency Corner Detector and Harris Corner Detector are binarized so that only useful information (features) is matched. The two approaches of Phase Congruency Corner Detector and Harris Corner Detector, when matched with hamming distance using sliding window can achieve recognition rate of 97.7% and 97.5% respectively.
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Induction motors are operating as the support system for each industry. But like every different machine, due to serious duty cycles, poor operating atmosphere, installation and manufacturing factors, they gradually slow down or sometimes... more
Induction motors are operating as the support system for each industry. But like every different machine, due to serious duty cycles, poor operating atmosphere, installation and manufacturing factors, they gradually slow down or sometimes fail. That is why, diagnosis methods that are competent to sense the motor failures are necessary in order to increase the safety and the performances of with increasing needs for reliability and efficiency, the field of fault analysis in induction motor. Three-stage induction motor is the major running part in the industries and is the most applied electrical machine. So, detection of faults within the motor is incredibly necessary so as to enhance the performance of the induction motor, avoid the production loss and additionally, to minimize the operational prices. The finite part analysis and the additionally associated numerical models symbolize not solely a contemporary technology of induction motor computer-assisted style and optimization, however also a robust and really capable orientation within the analysis and detection of various faults related to the motor operation.
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Condition monitoring method is suggested in this paper using Machine Current Signal Analysis (MCSA) for analyzing Rotor eccentricity fault in Wind Turbine Generator (WTG). The suggested method measures the current characteristic... more
Condition monitoring method is suggested in this paper using Machine Current Signal Analysis (MCSA) for analyzing Rotor eccentricity fault in Wind Turbine Generator (WTG). The suggested method measures the current characteristic frequencies generated by the WTG. Extraction and investigation of the excitations that are generated by WTG eccentricity fault are carried under, full load, no load and varying conditions of wind on a designed and developed test rig. FFT approach is used to calculate the side-band and wavelet-based analysis is further used to examine fault frequencies. Mean power at different resolution levels has been used to measure the fault magnitude. Experimentally, it has been demonstrated that for variable wind conditions MCSA lets suitable discrimination of faulty and healthy situations that lead to an effective method of diagnosis for condition monitoring (CM) of wind turbine (WT).
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Access to electricity in remote rural areas has now become imperative as this will lead to the overall development of the agrarian population. The most convenient means to electrify the villages in these areas is to use Solar PV systems.... more
Access to electricity in remote rural areas has now become imperative as this will lead to the overall development of the agrarian population. The most convenient means to electrify the villages in these areas is to use Solar PV systems. This renewable energy technology being available only in daytime needs to be highly efficient so that besides just meeting the required load during sunshine hours, adequate electricity can be stored in the batteries to be used during night time. Such requirement can be easily met by the use of Solar PV trackers-single axis and dual axis. This study aims to compare the performance of three different mounting arrangements for PV system-fixed mounting, single axis trackers and dual axis trackers installed in remote rural areas of Jaisalmer in Rajasthan. The performance analysis is based on the comparison of technical and economic metrics. It is observed that the technical performance of dual axis trackers is the best in regard to the PV capacity requirement which is 11% less, the total energy production which is 15% more and the capacity utilization which is 6.9% more in comparison to the fixed mounting arrangement. But from economic point of view, the dual axis trackers are the most expensive with net present cost of 2.3% greater than the fixed mounting arrangement.
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In this paper a new approach for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is proposed. The fractional open circuit voltage based MPPT states that the photovoltaic (PV) array voltage corresponding to the maximum power gives a linear dependence... more
In this paper a new approach for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is proposed. The fractional open circuit voltage based MPPT states that the photovoltaic (PV) array voltage corresponding to the maximum power gives a linear dependence with respect to array open circuit voltage for different irradiation and temperature levels. This method is the easiest and simplest of all the MPPT methods but the disconnection of the PV array from the load on regular intervals for the sampling of the array voltage causes significant power loss. A new and simple approach is proposed by the simple linear equation of line for calculating the duty cycle of the boost converter which will extract the maximum power for the particular radiations. This topology can also be used for Wind energy systems but here the simulation is done with solar photovoltaic only. The proposed work is verified using MATLAB/SIMULNK and simulation results shows a clear improvement in achieving the desired results.
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The power generation from renewable energy sources has become attractive to meet the increasing energy demand over the globe. The grid integration of renewable energy farms is gaining popularity nowadays. The residual inverter capacity of... more
The power generation from renewable energy sources has become attractive to meet the increasing energy demand over the globe. The grid integration of renewable energy farms is gaining popularity nowadays. The residual inverter capacity of these farms can be utilized to perform some additional tasks along with their basic operation of inversion. In this paper, the residual capacity of grid side inverters of large-scale solar and wind power farms is utilized as a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) devices in order to improve the overall power system performance such as to regulate line voltages, providing reactive power compensation and to increase the grid power transfer limit. The proposed control is verified in the MATLAB / Simulink environment.
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The objective of this research paper is the simulation modeling of wind turbine emulator (WTE), which is essential to make a test rig for Condition monitoring of wind turbine generator (WTG). Wind turbine characteristics are emulated by... more
The objective of this research paper is the simulation modeling of wind turbine emulator (WTE), which is essential to make a test rig for Condition monitoring of wind turbine generator (WTG). Wind turbine characteristics are emulated by means of D.C machine. Further, the characteristics of wind turbine based on simulation results are discussed followed by a comprehensive discussion on the similarity of these characteristics with those of a D.C motor along with characteristics curves. The results and observations obtained in the present research verify the capability of WTE to vary the D.C motor torque as the replica of wind turbine rotor torque. The developed WTE allows a wind energy conversion system to be analyzed without the need of a real wind turbine.
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This paper deals with the detailed study of model reference adaptive control (MRAC) based on rotor flux for speed estimation in a direct torque and flux control (DTFC) for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive. In this scheme... more
This paper deals with the detailed study of model reference adaptive control (MRAC) based on rotor flux for speed estimation in a direct torque and flux control (DTFC) for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive. In this scheme the speed estimated is given as feedback to DTFC of PMSM drive. From reference model (RM) and adaptive model (AM), the rotor flux linkage components of the PMSM drive are obtained. The error signal of speed, which is obtained from the difference of RM and AM quantities are fed through PI controller to obtain the speed estimated. In order to reduce the error signal, the speed estimated is feedback to AM. Using MATLAB/SIMULINK software the MRAC based on rotor flux is compared with the quantities measured for PMSM drive. And the performance of PMSM drive is studied at zero load, loaded condition, sudden speed changes and sinusoidal speed respectively.
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at microgrids, traditional approach to control the instabilities, is replaced by power electronic (PE) converters, which interfaced with non-conventional sources and battery storage. Due to intermittent nature of renewable sources, there... more
at microgrids, traditional approach to control the instabilities, is replaced by power electronic (PE) converters, which interfaced with non-conventional sources and battery storage. Due to intermittent nature of renewable sources, there is challenge to control the bus voltage regulation of DC microgrid. Therefore, inertia of DC microgrid is poorer than conventional grid. In this paper, different control strategy including PID controller, virtual capacitor, feedforward control of voltage control loop and current control loop are proposed and compared among of them to improve inertia of the DC microgrid with virtual inertia control circuit which enables the integration of storage and generation with improved dynamics and feed-forward control method are also used for suppressing the disturbances and its effect on dynamic response of DC-μG.
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Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with model predictive torque control (MPTC) is popular for its simplified control structure and adaptable in incorporating control parameters into the control algorithm. However, in control... more
Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with model predictive torque control (MPTC) is popular for its simplified control structure and adaptable in incorporating control parameters into the control algorithm. However, in control technique the primary concern for objective function (OF) depends on the selection of appropriate weighting coefficient (WC). Basically, for weighting coefficient selection, empirical methods are used but it takes additional time and heuristic process. In this paper, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) technique is introduced in optimization of objective function for selection of appropriate weighting coefficient. In this methodology, stator flux and torque having individual OF are modified from single-OF. This ensures that in each sampling period, selection of grey relational optimal control action is dependent on the preference given to the control parameters in OF. For each sampling, a Grey Relational Grade (GRG) is employed to determine the appropriate con...
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Sag of the transmission line mainly depends on the weight of conductor, span length, type, temperature and tension. Weather parameters such as wind and ice have significant effect on the conductor weight and temperature. The present paper... more
Sag of the transmission line mainly depends on the weight of conductor, span length, type, temperature and tension. Weather parameters such as wind and ice have significant effect on the conductor weight and temperature. The present paper is based on the Case study conducted to estimate the sag in overhead conductors using Global Positioning System (GPS) to observe the effect of span length on sag measurement. Various overhead conductors have been considered to analyze the effect of span length on the estimated sag obtained using GPS and compared with physically measured sag. The raw GPS sag measurements of overhead conductor are not so accurate because of various inherent error sources in GPS and thus these observations of GPS measurements are not usable for evaluation of overhead conductor sag directly. Hence Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques such as, Bad Data Identificatio/Modification; Least Square Parameter Estimation; Haar Wavelet Transform. are used for error reduction in observed(raw) GPS measurements.
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In an power system, Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is a system which adjusts multiple generators' power outputs at different power plants for changing the load. A power grid needs that load generation balance time to time and... more
In an power system, Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is a system which adjusts multiple generators' power outputs at different power plants for changing the load. A power grid needs that load generation balance time to time and output of generators should also be adjusted rapidly. Nowadays, Power Systems require flexibility and optimization in control to make sure that system is stable and maintaining load balance, during serious disturbances. This paper belongs to a new fuzzy logic based approach in PI controlled AGC two area systems. The result is compared with PI controlled conventional automatic generation controlled two area system.
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Dynamic Thermal Line Rating (DTLR) is used to monitor and dynamically upgrade the existing power lines. The overhead conductor sag measurements using GPS has been used to evaluate DTLR in the present paper. GPS receiver BT359 has been... more
Dynamic Thermal Line Rating (DTLR) is used to monitor and dynamically upgrade the existing power lines. The overhead conductor sag measurements using GPS has been used to evaluate DTLR in the present paper. GPS receiver BT359 has been used to measure overhead conductor sag of 440V power distribution line and DTLR has been determined at different air temperatures. The inherent error in raw altitude measurements obtained by GPS has been reduced using Least Square parameter estimation and wavelet analysis to obtain more accurate altitude measurements.
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Input voltage unbalance and sag conditions because of the power system line faults may lead to mal-operation of adjustable-speed drive (ASD's). In this paper, the effect of balanced and unbalanced sags on the... more
Input voltage unbalance and sag conditions because of the power system line faults may lead to mal-operation of adjustable-speed drive (ASD's). In this paper, the effect of balanced and unbalanced sags on the performance of ASD's has been discussed. The improved performance of ASD's with ultracapacitors is demonstrated using MATLAB simulation.
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This article presents the accomplishment of a new current mode PWM inverter using fuel cell stack with single port drive power supply. The proposed inverter circuit requires a single gate drive power supply because all the switching... more
This article presents the accomplishment of a new current mode PWM inverter using fuel cell stack with single port drive power supply. The proposed inverter circuit requires a single gate drive power supply because all the switching devices are connected on a common source (CS) or common emitter (CE). This common emitter configuration (CE) drastically reduces the number of gate driven power supply to just one without bootstrap technology or using many isolated power supplies. The results of simulation show that the inverter normally operates and produces 3 levels of output inverter current wave-form, and filtered sinusoidal output inverter current is injected into the ac grid. Harmonics in the inverter output current are reduced by using low pass filter.
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In this paper, the variable voltage method has been presented to minimize the components of an asymmetrical multilevel inverter (AMI). AMI consists of one main bridge and many auxiliary bridges to increment the number of levels (NOLs) in... more
In this paper, the variable voltage method has been presented to minimize the components of an asymmetrical multilevel inverter (AMI). AMI consists of one main bridge and many auxiliary bridges to increment the number of levels (NOLs) in the output voltage which minimizes the total harmonic distortion (THD). However, the number of auxiliary bridges increases the space for installation, cost and components. To overcome these drawbacks a buck converter (BC), having low rating compared to the rated value of AMI is attached to the auxiliary bridge. This method gives possibility to obtain the higher NOLs with a reduced number of components of AMI. A comparative study is done with existing AMIs topologies to show the effectiveness of the variable voltage method on the basis of the number of semiconductor switches, a variety of DC sources, number of DC sources, and total standing voltage. In this paper, simulation is performed in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The output voltage and THD have been calculated by simulation of 9-level and 15-level multilevel inverter. The hardware implementation for the 9-level multilevel inverter has been done using a low-cost microcontroller. The simulation results are verified by comparing them with those obtained experimentally
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This paper suggests a novel full bridge electric power converter for photovoltaics solar system. DC/DC converters in photovoltaics actually theatres a very vital role in training of power systems. The dc/dc converter is placed in circuit... more
This paper suggests a novel full bridge electric power converter for photovoltaics solar system. DC/DC converters in photovoltaics actually theatres a very vital role in training of power systems. The dc/dc converter is placed in circuit to give a relentless output voltage under numerous functioning conditions of PV Cell. First of all MPP of the PV cell is find out by using P& O algorithm and then voltage rating is designated to the power switch. Photovoltaics PCS should provide high efficiency when placed in time changing diverse operating conditions. A novel dc/dc converter is projected to gratify Photovoltaics Power Conditioning System condition. The planned system is studied and verified through in MATLAB/SIMULINK. In next part the same proposed converter is optimised with Artificial neural networks on different architectures so that we best optimum output is received from the PV cell.
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This paper presents a direct torque and flux control (DTFC) method of PV array fed permanent magnet synchronous machine in (d-q) frame. This method retains the traditional DTFC principle of decoupling torque and flux control to compensate... more
This paper presents a direct torque and flux control (DTFC) method of PV array fed permanent magnet synchronous machine in (d-q) frame. This method retains the traditional DTFC principle of decoupling torque and flux control to compensate the torque and flux errors in a smooth manner with conventional DTFC, while providing greater use of voltage source inverter using optimal switching. Also a feedback path using PI controller is introduces in this system to regulate the speed and to reduce the error. Here, we have presented satisfied results of DTFC method in PMSM with close loop speed controller. All the results are performed in MATLAB Simulink platform.
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This paper deals with a solar based indirect vector controlled induction motor drive(IMD) for water pumping system. The speed of IMD is estimated by taking stator current and rotor flux as a state variable. It consists of a solar... more
This paper deals with a solar based indirect vector controlled induction motor drive(IMD) for water pumping system. The speed of IMD is estimated by taking stator current and rotor flux as a state variable. It consists of a solar photovoltaic (PV) array, boost converter, voltage source inverter (VSI) and a motor-pump assembly. In spite of atmospheric variation, maximum power point tracker (MPPT) based upon an incremental and conductance (I&C) algorithm tracks maximum power from solar PV array. The proposed system is designed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink platform and speed control of IMD is demonstrated through simulated results.
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Abstract—Usually a STATCOM is installed to support power system networks that have a poor power factor and often poor voltage regulation. It is based on a power electronics voltage-source converter. Various PWM techniques make selective... more
Abstract—Usually a STATCOM is installed to support power system networks that have a poor power factor and often poor voltage regulation. It is based on a power electronics voltage-source converter. Various PWM techniques make selective harmonic elimination possible, which effectively control the harmonic content of voltage source converters. The distribution systems have to supply unbalanced nonlinear loads transferring oscillations to the DC-side of the converter in a realistic operating condition. Thus, additional harmonics are modulated through the STATCOM at the point of common coupling (PCC). This requires more attention when switching angles are calculated offline using the optimal PWM technique. This paper, therefore, presents the artificial neural network model for defining the switching criterion of the VSC for the STATCOM in order to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected line current at the PCC. The model takes into the account the dc capacitor effect...
This paper studies the space vector modulated - direct flux and torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor, due to occurrence of high torque ripples and variable switching frequency of conventional direct flux and torque control... more
This paper studies the space vector modulated - direct flux and torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor, due to occurrence of high torque ripples and variable switching frequency of conventional direct flux and torque control strategy. Using dynamic model, the relation between field fluxes of stator, voltages maintained across stator and electromagnetic torque developed for the permanent magnet synchronous motor are developed. Accordingly, the closed loop feedback control structures of torque and flux is established, where the proportional and integral controllers are used to generate the output voltages by regulating the error signals. Furthermore, controller parameters are designed by analyzing the frequency models of torque and flux control loops. The mathematical expressions for obtaining control parameters with target set and physical significance meaning are obtained with high accuracy. Thereby, designing of PI controller parameters for the control structures of flux and closed loop structure of torque becomes easier in the direct flux and torque control with space vector modulation technology, and accurate control of flux and developed torque can be achieved. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed technology and the possibility of designing the parameters of closed loop controllers.
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STATCOM is usually installed to a power system that has a poor power factor and often poor voltage regulation. During the normal or steady state operation of the power system the STATCOM injects reactive power in order to maintain the... more
STATCOM is usually installed to a power system that has a poor power factor and often poor voltage regulation. During the normal or steady state operation of the power system the STATCOM injects reactive power in order to maintain the desired voltage profile. It is customary for the STATCOM to have a safety margin in terms of reactive power, so that it responds to different faults and loading conditions. In this paper integrator anti windup based synchronous PI controller is proposed that brings the change in the dynamics of the STATCOM control loop in order to provide better voltage regulation by using less reactive power from the device safety margins while responding to different faults and loading conditions. Keywords-component; STATCOM, PI controller, integrator anti windup, voltage regulation
In this paper, the droop gain and voltage reference are optimized to help of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique such that the effect of the line impedances is minimized which is well accommodated for marine applications. An... more
In this paper, the droop gain and voltage reference are optimized to help of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique such that the effect of the line impedances is minimized which is well accommodated for marine applications. An optimization problem is formulated with necessary constraints for various loads. The performance of the droop controller with the optimal droop parameters of dc distributed control scheme is verified through a simulation implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.
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Abstract- In the modern world, X-ray imaging is employed to identify the abnormal diseases in the human body. In this imaging technique, X-ray generator supplies the high voltage using a DC-DC converter. One such novel high voltage... more
Abstract- In the modern world, X-ray imaging is employed to identify the abnormal diseases in the human body. In this imaging technique, X-ray generator supplies the high voltage using a DC-DC converter. One such novel high voltage converter referred as Modified Hybrid Boosting Converter (MHBC) with the combined advantages of small input, output ripple and gain improvement functionality employing single switch and single inductor is proposed in this work. The MHBC topology enhances the voltage gain by the addition of a bipolar voltage multiplier alongwith the conventional structure of boost converter. This modified structure results in high conversion ratio, low voltage stress across the main switch, which makes it suitable for X-ray applications. Performance comparison for the proposed topology with the boost and conventional Hybrid boosting converter is provided. A prototype of MHBC is built to demonstrate the feasibility of the converter which validates the simulation resul...
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The power distribution network needs to be monitored in an effective manner against the line outages. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is a device which is used to estimate the magnitude and phase angle of an electrical phasor quantity. PMUs... more
The power distribution network needs to be monitored in an effective manner against the line outages. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is a device which is used to estimate the magnitude and phase angle of an electrical phasor quantity. PMUs are distributed globally to provide time synchronized information to operators through phasor data concentrator. In this paper, a new algorithm to identify single line outage using the PMU has been proposed. The voltage phasor angles are taken only at buses where the PMUs are located. Further the optimal location of PMUs is identified by an algorithm based on maximum connectivity of buses. Proposed algorithm is developed in MATLAB environment and tested on IEEE 9 bus system which is simulated in PSAT software.
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The optimal placement of micro-Phasor Measurement Units (µPMUs) reduce the cost of wide area monitoring system (WAMS) in active distribution networks (ADNs); therefore, it is becoming a popular research topic. However, µPMUs alone cannot... more
The optimal placement of micro-Phasor Measurement Units (µPMUs) reduce the cost of wide area monitoring system (WAMS) in active distribution networks (ADNs); therefore, it is becoming a popular research topic. However, µPMUs alone cannot minimize the WAMS cost. An appropriate location of Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) and a fiber optic communication link (CL) that transfers data from µPMUs to PDCs also need to be optimized. Hence this paper proposes a hybrid algorithm that determines the optimal cost-effective solution of the placement problem of µPMUs, PDC, and CL. The proposed algorithm uses the graph theory and binary integer linear programming (BILP) with the constraints of distribution generation (DG) presence, regular network reconfiguration, and maximizing system redundancy. The proposed algorithm is tested on IEEE 69 bus, IEEE 123 bus, and 345 bus active distribution system. The results obtained show the reduction in cost mainly through the CL and optimal placement of µPMUs ...
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The International Solar Alliance aims to efficiently exploit solar energy in sunshine countries (Suryaputra) between the tropics. Similar pledges, like Sustainable Development Goal 7 (affordable and clean energy), to increase the... more
The International Solar Alliance aims to efficiently exploit solar energy in sunshine countries (Suryaputra) between the tropics. Similar pledges, like Sustainable Development Goal 7 (affordable and clean energy), to increase the contribution from other non-conventional sources are in place to meet the objectives set out in UNFCCC. However, availability of renewable energy is an intermittent process and thus requires both efficiency and effectiveness in the processes used to harness them. The present paper aims to bring out a comparative study of the two MPPT methods globally used to maximize the solar energy trapped: The two techniques are P&O and IC. PV module consisting of DC–DC boost converter, MPPT controller, inverter, etc., has been used to analyze the methods. Two-level voltage source inverter has been incorporated to enhance the simulation and eliminate the harmonics. All simulations have been performed in MATLAB–Simulink platform.
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Using parametric model, this paper presents a design procedure for STATCOM proportional-integral (PI) voltage controller for enhancing the voltage profile of the multimachine system under dynamic disturbances. The proposed design scheme... more
Using parametric model, this paper presents a design procedure for STATCOM proportional-integral (PI) voltage controller for enhancing the voltage profile of the multimachine system under dynamic disturbances. The proposed design scheme constantly updates the PI controller thus preventing it to integrate or to saturate to a higher value under the condition of uncertainty faced by the controller arising due to change in operating conditions and network configurations. This leads to better stability and enhanced closed loop performance in comparison to the conventional STATCOM linear PI controller and more recently used non-linear multivariable control scheme under different operating conditions. The performance of the proposed enhanced decoupled vector control scheme is evaluated for three phase multimachine system for different operating conditions and a comparison is drawn against conventional linear PI control scheme and multivariable control scheme. In addition the developed techniaque is applied to improve the power quality of grid connected PV system.