Ubi papa, ibi Roma: Rome may not always be in Rome, for Rome is wherever the Pope is in residence... more Ubi papa, ibi Roma: Rome may not always be in Rome, for Rome is wherever the Pope is in residence. This 13th Century adage underlines the identification between city and sovereign; the capital is defined by its function of political command. The capital in question was a strange choice in the Middle Ages for, while seeing itself as the caput mundi, it had difficulty being recognized as a mere regional capital.
What, therefore, was a capital city in the Middle Ages? We must look beyond the false evidence that comes from a centralized Paris that goes back over a thousand years or to a lesser degree London: things are more complex than they appear at first. It is true that we find the Roman model of the imperial capital persisting under various forms with Constantinople, Baghdad and Cairo. Nevertheless, when the Carolingians re-established the Empire in 800, they did not go back to the model of the imperial capital. In fact, what characterized the institutional and territorial experience of the Medieval West was the dispersion rather than the concentration of the various functions of a capital.
The 36th Congress of the SHMESP took place in Istanbul, at the invitation of the French Institute of Anatolian Studies. Here we found a décor suited to our endeavor. It is a historical and monumental setting, at the heart of some of the political experiences compared and contrasted by our contributors over a long-time scale. For writing the history of capital cities leads one, inevitably, to focus on the diversity of the models of the emergence of the state. The relationship between the palace and the city, as well as the movement of the centers of gravity of territorial constructions, the abandon of and return to various capitals – all this shows a number of different configurations of power.
From this point of view the question of symbolic markers is essential. A city is able to convince that it controls various functions of commandment through image and ritual, words and walls, by the mobilization of memory and the building of impressive monuments. It can continue enjoying the prestige of a defunct capital for very long. By concentrating on the simultaneously material and ideal aspects of administrative centralization in urban society our contributors have attempted to restore a richness of meaning to that seemingly anodyne term “capital city” in the Middle Ages.
La question de la categorisation des eunuques a Byzance fournit un temoignage indeniable qu’une a... more La question de la categorisation des eunuques a Byzance fournit un temoignage indeniable qu’une approche binaire des sexes et genres est incompatible avec un compte rendu scientifique des realites historiques de cette periode. Ceci signifie que nous avons besoin de reexaminer et enseigner toutes les periodes de l’histoire en utilisant l’heritage de Eric Rofes sur la facon de repenser la sexualite a l’interieur du contexte educatif et d’une epistemologie queer afin de developper une nouvelle approche de l’enseignement du genre, des sexes et des sexualites.
... Talbot A.-M., « The Byzantine Family and the monastery », Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 44, 1990, p.... more ... Talbot A.-M., « The Byzantine Family and the monastery », Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 44, 1990, p. 119-129. Talbot A.-M., « Empress Theodora Palaiologina, Wife of Michael VIII », Dumbarton Oaks Papers 46, 1992, p. 295-303. ...
Le présent volume s’inscrit dans le paysage aux contours depuis longtemps bien dessinés et, d’auc... more Le présent volume s’inscrit dans le paysage aux contours depuis longtemps bien dessinés et, d’aucuns diront, aux sentiers très fréquentés de l’angélologie. Les anges sont inépuisables ; aussi n’avons-nous pas cherché à produire une « somme théologique » à leur propos. Notre but est de proposer un parcours, tout au long de ces siècles qui mènent de l’Antiquité à Byzance, afin de capter, au moment où la figure de l’ange émerge et s’affirme, les multiples facettes qui contribueront à fixer son identité. L’idée de l’ange est tout sauf univoque. Sa représentation également. En complément du duo associant « conception » et « représentation », il nous a semblé intéressant de mettre l’accent sur un troisième terme : la « perception ». L’approche du phénomène angélique ne saurait en effet s’en tenir au rationnel, tel que le revendique l’exégèse de la pensée ou de l’image. D’autres voies cognitives plus souples, plus imaginatives, s’ouvrent grâce à l’attention portée à une réalité riche de nuances et de significations. C’est bien d’une invention au sens plein du terme dont il s’agit. L’ange ne peut s’expliquer sur le seul mode du syncrétisme. Il ne suffit pas de retracer, dans les textes, les monuments et l’iconographie, les modalités selon lesquelles les anges bibliques – vétéro- et néotestamentaires –, au contact de leurs homologues issus de la culture gréco-romaine et des autres civilisations du pourtour méditerranéen, se seraient pour ainsi dire fondus en eux, produisant une sorte de créature kaléidoscopique, daimôn aux ailes teintées de judaïsme, de gnose et de manichéisme, féru de néoplatonisme, ou, cédant à des tentations exotiques, allant jusqu’à s’aventurer du côté du mazdéisme et plus loin encore. L’ange chrétien est hybride ; mais il acquiert une personnalité unique, dont la force se mesure à l’aune de sa postérité.
The present volume takes place within the long-established and well-trodden path of angelology. Angels are inexhaustible, so we have not sought to produce a “Summa theologica” about them. Our aim is to propose a journey across the centuries from Antiquity to Byzantium in order to capture the moment when the multifaceted figure of the angel emerges and asserts itself. The idea and representation of the angel is anything but straightforward. In addition to the duo associating “conception” and “representation”, we thought interesting to stress this third term: “perception.” One cannot be solely rational in the exegesis of thoughts or images when approaching the angelic phenomenon. Other more flexible, more imaginative cognitive paths open up thanks to the attention paid to a reality rich in nuances and meanings. It is indeed an invention in the full sense of the term. The angel cannot be explained only by syncretism. It is not enough to retrace in texts, monuments, and iconography, the ways in which the biblical angels— in the Old and New Testament—, would have melted into their counterparts from Graeco-Roman culture and other civilizations around the Mediterranean, producing so to speak a kind of kaleidoscopic creature, a daimon with wings tinged with Judaism, Gnosis and Manichaeism, fascinated for Neoplatonism, or, yielding to exotic temptations, even venturing into Mazdeism and beyond. The Christian angel is a hybrid; but he acquires a unique personality, whose strength is measured by his posterity.
Ubi papa, ibi Roma: Rome may not always be in Rome, for Rome is wherever the Pope is in residence... more Ubi papa, ibi Roma: Rome may not always be in Rome, for Rome is wherever the Pope is in residence. This 13th Century adage underlines the identification between city and sovereign; the capital is defined by its function of political command. The capital in question was a strange choice in the Middle Ages for, while seeing itself as the caput mundi, it had difficulty being recognized as a mere regional capital.
What, therefore, was a capital city in the Middle Ages? We must look beyond the false evidence that comes from a centralized Paris that goes back over a thousand years or to a lesser degree London: things are more complex than they appear at first. It is true that we find the Roman model of the imperial capital persisting under various forms with Constantinople, Baghdad and Cairo. Nevertheless, when the Carolingians re-established the Empire in 800, they did not go back to the model of the imperial capital. In fact, what characterized the institutional and territorial experience of the Medieval West was the dispersion rather than the concentration of the various functions of a capital.
The 36th Congress of the SHMESP took place in Istanbul, at the invitation of the French Institute of Anatolian Studies. Here we found a décor suited to our endeavor. It is a historical and monumental setting, at the heart of some of the political experiences compared and contrasted by our contributors over a long-time scale. For writing the history of capital cities leads one, inevitably, to focus on the diversity of the models of the emergence of the state. The relationship between the palace and the city, as well as the movement of the centers of gravity of territorial constructions, the abandon of and return to various capitals – all this shows a number of different configurations of power.
From this point of view the question of symbolic markers is essential. A city is able to convince that it controls various functions of commandment through image and ritual, words and walls, by the mobilization of memory and the building of impressive monuments. It can continue enjoying the prestige of a defunct capital for very long. By concentrating on the simultaneously material and ideal aspects of administrative centralization in urban society our contributors have attempted to restore a richness of meaning to that seemingly anodyne term “capital city” in the Middle Ages.
La question de la categorisation des eunuques a Byzance fournit un temoignage indeniable qu’une a... more La question de la categorisation des eunuques a Byzance fournit un temoignage indeniable qu’une approche binaire des sexes et genres est incompatible avec un compte rendu scientifique des realites historiques de cette periode. Ceci signifie que nous avons besoin de reexaminer et enseigner toutes les periodes de l’histoire en utilisant l’heritage de Eric Rofes sur la facon de repenser la sexualite a l’interieur du contexte educatif et d’une epistemologie queer afin de developper une nouvelle approche de l’enseignement du genre, des sexes et des sexualites.
... Talbot A.-M., « The Byzantine Family and the monastery », Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 44, 1990, p.... more ... Talbot A.-M., « The Byzantine Family and the monastery », Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 44, 1990, p. 119-129. Talbot A.-M., « Empress Theodora Palaiologina, Wife of Michael VIII », Dumbarton Oaks Papers 46, 1992, p. 295-303. ...
Le présent volume s’inscrit dans le paysage aux contours depuis longtemps bien dessinés et, d’auc... more Le présent volume s’inscrit dans le paysage aux contours depuis longtemps bien dessinés et, d’aucuns diront, aux sentiers très fréquentés de l’angélologie. Les anges sont inépuisables ; aussi n’avons-nous pas cherché à produire une « somme théologique » à leur propos. Notre but est de proposer un parcours, tout au long de ces siècles qui mènent de l’Antiquité à Byzance, afin de capter, au moment où la figure de l’ange émerge et s’affirme, les multiples facettes qui contribueront à fixer son identité. L’idée de l’ange est tout sauf univoque. Sa représentation également. En complément du duo associant « conception » et « représentation », il nous a semblé intéressant de mettre l’accent sur un troisième terme : la « perception ». L’approche du phénomène angélique ne saurait en effet s’en tenir au rationnel, tel que le revendique l’exégèse de la pensée ou de l’image. D’autres voies cognitives plus souples, plus imaginatives, s’ouvrent grâce à l’attention portée à une réalité riche de nuances et de significations. C’est bien d’une invention au sens plein du terme dont il s’agit. L’ange ne peut s’expliquer sur le seul mode du syncrétisme. Il ne suffit pas de retracer, dans les textes, les monuments et l’iconographie, les modalités selon lesquelles les anges bibliques – vétéro- et néotestamentaires –, au contact de leurs homologues issus de la culture gréco-romaine et des autres civilisations du pourtour méditerranéen, se seraient pour ainsi dire fondus en eux, produisant une sorte de créature kaléidoscopique, daimôn aux ailes teintées de judaïsme, de gnose et de manichéisme, féru de néoplatonisme, ou, cédant à des tentations exotiques, allant jusqu’à s’aventurer du côté du mazdéisme et plus loin encore. L’ange chrétien est hybride ; mais il acquiert une personnalité unique, dont la force se mesure à l’aune de sa postérité.
The present volume takes place within the long-established and well-trodden path of angelology. Angels are inexhaustible, so we have not sought to produce a “Summa theologica” about them. Our aim is to propose a journey across the centuries from Antiquity to Byzantium in order to capture the moment when the multifaceted figure of the angel emerges and asserts itself. The idea and representation of the angel is anything but straightforward. In addition to the duo associating “conception” and “representation”, we thought interesting to stress this third term: “perception.” One cannot be solely rational in the exegesis of thoughts or images when approaching the angelic phenomenon. Other more flexible, more imaginative cognitive paths open up thanks to the attention paid to a reality rich in nuances and meanings. It is indeed an invention in the full sense of the term. The angel cannot be explained only by syncretism. It is not enough to retrace in texts, monuments, and iconography, the ways in which the biblical angels— in the Old and New Testament—, would have melted into their counterparts from Graeco-Roman culture and other civilizations around the Mediterranean, producing so to speak a kind of kaleidoscopic creature, a daimon with wings tinged with Judaism, Gnosis and Manichaeism, fascinated for Neoplatonism, or, yielding to exotic temptations, even venturing into Mazdeism and beyond. The Christian angel is a hybrid; but he acquires a unique personality, whose strength is measured by his posterity.
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What, therefore, was a capital city in the Middle Ages? We must look beyond the false evidence that comes from a centralized Paris that goes back over a thousand years or to a lesser degree London: things are more complex than they appear at first. It is true that we find the Roman model of the imperial capital persisting under various forms with Constantinople, Baghdad and Cairo. Nevertheless, when the Carolingians re-established the Empire in 800, they did not go back to the model of the imperial capital. In fact, what characterized the institutional and territorial experience of the Medieval West was the dispersion rather than the concentration of the various functions of a capital.
The 36th Congress of the SHMESP took place in Istanbul, at the invitation of the French Institute of Anatolian Studies. Here we found a décor suited to our endeavor. It is a historical and monumental setting, at the heart of some of the political experiences compared and contrasted by our contributors over a long-time scale. For writing the history of capital cities leads one, inevitably, to focus on the diversity of the models of the emergence of the state. The relationship between the palace and the city, as well as the movement of the centers of gravity of territorial constructions, the abandon of and return to various capitals – all this shows a number of different configurations of power.
From this point of view the question of symbolic markers is essential. A city is able to convince that it controls various functions of commandment through image and ritual, words and walls, by the mobilization of memory and the building of impressive monuments. It can continue enjoying the prestige of a defunct capital for very long. By concentrating on the simultaneously material and ideal aspects of administrative centralization in urban society our contributors have attempted to restore a richness of meaning to that seemingly anodyne term “capital city” in the Middle Ages.
The present volume takes place within the long-established and well-trodden path of angelology. Angels are inexhaustible, so we have not sought to produce a “Summa theologica” about them. Our aim is to propose a journey across the centuries from Antiquity to Byzantium in order to capture the moment when the multifaceted figure of the angel emerges and asserts itself. The idea and representation of the angel is anything but straightforward. In addition to the duo associating “conception” and “representation”, we thought interesting to stress this third term: “perception.” One cannot be solely rational in the exegesis of thoughts or images when approaching the angelic phenomenon. Other more flexible, more imaginative cognitive paths open up thanks to the attention paid to a reality rich in nuances and meanings. It is indeed an invention in the full sense of the term. The angel cannot be explained only by syncretism. It is not enough to retrace in texts, monuments, and iconography, the ways in which the biblical angels— in the Old and New Testament—, would have melted into their counterparts from Graeco-Roman culture and other civilizations around the Mediterranean, producing so to speak a kind of kaleidoscopic creature, a daimon with wings tinged with Judaism, Gnosis and Manichaeism, fascinated for Neoplatonism, or, yielding to exotic temptations, even venturing into Mazdeism and beyond. The Christian angel is a hybrid; but he acquires a unique personality, whose strength is measured by his posterity.
What, therefore, was a capital city in the Middle Ages? We must look beyond the false evidence that comes from a centralized Paris that goes back over a thousand years or to a lesser degree London: things are more complex than they appear at first. It is true that we find the Roman model of the imperial capital persisting under various forms with Constantinople, Baghdad and Cairo. Nevertheless, when the Carolingians re-established the Empire in 800, they did not go back to the model of the imperial capital. In fact, what characterized the institutional and territorial experience of the Medieval West was the dispersion rather than the concentration of the various functions of a capital.
The 36th Congress of the SHMESP took place in Istanbul, at the invitation of the French Institute of Anatolian Studies. Here we found a décor suited to our endeavor. It is a historical and monumental setting, at the heart of some of the political experiences compared and contrasted by our contributors over a long-time scale. For writing the history of capital cities leads one, inevitably, to focus on the diversity of the models of the emergence of the state. The relationship between the palace and the city, as well as the movement of the centers of gravity of territorial constructions, the abandon of and return to various capitals – all this shows a number of different configurations of power.
From this point of view the question of symbolic markers is essential. A city is able to convince that it controls various functions of commandment through image and ritual, words and walls, by the mobilization of memory and the building of impressive monuments. It can continue enjoying the prestige of a defunct capital for very long. By concentrating on the simultaneously material and ideal aspects of administrative centralization in urban society our contributors have attempted to restore a richness of meaning to that seemingly anodyne term “capital city” in the Middle Ages.
The present volume takes place within the long-established and well-trodden path of angelology. Angels are inexhaustible, so we have not sought to produce a “Summa theologica” about them. Our aim is to propose a journey across the centuries from Antiquity to Byzantium in order to capture the moment when the multifaceted figure of the angel emerges and asserts itself. The idea and representation of the angel is anything but straightforward. In addition to the duo associating “conception” and “representation”, we thought interesting to stress this third term: “perception.” One cannot be solely rational in the exegesis of thoughts or images when approaching the angelic phenomenon. Other more flexible, more imaginative cognitive paths open up thanks to the attention paid to a reality rich in nuances and meanings. It is indeed an invention in the full sense of the term. The angel cannot be explained only by syncretism. It is not enough to retrace in texts, monuments, and iconography, the ways in which the biblical angels— in the Old and New Testament—, would have melted into their counterparts from Graeco-Roman culture and other civilizations around the Mediterranean, producing so to speak a kind of kaleidoscopic creature, a daimon with wings tinged with Judaism, Gnosis and Manichaeism, fascinated for Neoplatonism, or, yielding to exotic temptations, even venturing into Mazdeism and beyond. The Christian angel is a hybrid; but he acquires a unique personality, whose strength is measured by his posterity.