Computer science

Special classes of asynchronous e-learning systems are the intelligent tutoring systems which represent an advanced learning and teaching environment adaptable to individual student’s characteristics. Authoring shells have an environment that enables development of the intelligent tutoring systems. In this paper we present, in entirety, for the first time, our approach to research, development and implementation related to intelligent tutoring systems and ITS authoring shells. Our research relies on the traditional intelligent tutoring system, the consideration that teaching is control of learning and principles of good human tutoring in order to develop the Tutor–Expert System model for building intelligent tutoring systems in freely chosen domain knowledge. In this way we can wrap up an ongoing process that has lasted for the previous fifteen years. Prototype tests with the implemented systems have been carried out with students from a primary education to an academic level. Results of those tests are advantageous, according to surveys, and the implemented and deployed software satisfies functionalities and actors’ demands.

This paper gives a detailed description of how adaptivity is realized in e-learning systems, with a focus on adaptivity of courseware. The review aims to answer three basic questions on adaptive courseware: what has been adapted, how and why. Researchers have tried to adapt according to these different elements: student knowledge, behaviour, interests, preferences, learning style, cognitive style, goals, courseware presentation, navigation, annotation, sequencing and knowledge testing. An historical background of adaptivity is described: from word definition, through adaptive instructions and adaptive systems, all the way to adaptive courseware. The biggest challenge was to find the most prominent representatives of adaptive systems in courseware generation that were selected after an exhaustive search through relevant scientific paper databases. Each prevailing system is briefly described and the student features, to which the system adapts, are highlighted, together with the level...

Informacijska i komunikacijska tehnologija generira novu obrazovnu paradigmu i omogucava novi nacin promisljanja o ucenju i poucavanju. Redefiniranjem statusa ucitelja koji od "sveznalice" postaje vodic i suradnik u nastavi za izabrano podrucno znanje, ostvaruju se znacajne promjene u procesu ucenja i poucavanja. U takvom okruženju inteligentni tutorski sustavi omogucavaju poucavanje u po volji odabranom podrucnom znanju u suglasju s individualnim znacajkama ucenika koji se poucava. Inteligentni tutorski sustavi raspolažu sa: ekspertnim modulom kao nosiocem podrucnog znanja sto je predmet poucavanja ; modulom ucenika s prikazom aktualnog znanja ucenika ; modulom za vođenje procesa stjecanja znanja i vjestina ucenika i komunikacijskim modulom sto ostvaruje interakciju ucenika, ucitelja i podrucnog znanja. Prikazana je primjena inteligentne hipermedijske autorske ljuske Tutor – Expert System (TEx-Sys) [3], jednako kao i njegova distribuirana verzija Distributed Tutor – Exper...