EU internal security concerns such as migration, police and judicial cooperation are today part o... more EU internal security concerns such as migration, police and judicial cooperation are today part of EU foreign policy. This book shows how those concerns have taken over the EU agenda towards Mediterranean countries. Adopting a rational-choice institutionalist approach, it explores EU policy in the region since the turn of this century. Findings provide clues on how to re-design EU policies towards the region following the 2011 Arab revolts. Investigating the cases of border management, counter-terrorism and rule of law promotion through the lens of a rational-choice-historical institutionalism, the book contends that the development of a Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) Mediterranean dimension was contingent upon two independent variables: states' preferences and historical legacies. Contrary to the expected outcome, which would be that the various decision-making rules constrained the actors, the sense that emerges is that the development of a JHA external dimension depends on the intended strategic action of actors and is affected by time.
This book introduces the main changes induced by the Lisbon Treaty and the Stockholm Programme in... more This book introduces the main changes induced by the Lisbon Treaty and the Stockholm Programme in the field of
Justice and Home Affairs (JHA). The Lisbon Treaty has brought important changes to decision making at EU level,
while the Stockholm Programme has set policy objectives for the next five years.
The contributions to this book assess briefly the acquis so far and elaborate on the future challenges that remain, in
order to turn the area of freedom, security and justice into a reality, both for citizens and practitioners. Written by
experts with different backgrounds – academics, policy makers and practitioners – they make this book a very useful
tool for a broad audience, including EU officials, judges, lawyers, academics, students and police officers
This book proposes to cast some theoretical and empirical light upon the external dimension of Ju... more This book proposes to cast some theoretical and empirical light upon the external dimension of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) which has become a priority in the European Union (EU)’s external relations. Counter-terrorism, visa policy, drug trafficking, organized crime or border controls have indeed become daily business in EU’s relations with the rest of the world.
The external dimension of JHA is a persistent policy objective of the EU and its member states, as the 1999 Tampere summit conclusions, the 2000 Coreper report, the 2005 Strategy for the External Dimension of JHA, and the integration of JHA chapters under the European Neighbourhood Policy testify.
With an interdisciplinary ambition in mind, this book reflects an attempt to draw together theoretical and empirical insights on the external dimension written by academic scholars that take an interest in questions of JHA and European Foreign Policy (EFP). It does so from an issue-oriented perspective (civilian crisis management, the European Neighbourhood Policy, counter-terrorism policy, visa policy, passenger name record) but also from a geographical perspective with in-depth analysis of the situation in the Western Balkans, Georgia, transatlantic relations and of the Mediterranean neighbourhood.
This book was published as a special issue of the Journal of European Integration.
Maintaining mostly a national and EU-level focus, the transnational dimension has been overlooked... more Maintaining mostly a national and EU-level focus, the transnational dimension has been overlooked in the policy instrumentation literature. Seeking to fill this gap, this article researches the factors that shape the choice and evolution of policy instruments in transnational administrations, namely above and beyond the state. In an empirical analysis of budget support, it finds that the preference of the European Commission for this development aid instrument is dependent upon transnational agency and EU domestic habitat. This is evidenced in three steps. First, conflicting global objectives and institutional strategies of re-legitimization provided transnational administrative agency with power and leverage to promote managerial norms over developmental ones. Second, transnational knowledge networks have provided the European Commission venues of socialization to maintain its monopoly over the instrument. Third, the de-politicized transnational logic of budget support as a managerial tool is correlated to an increased politicization by some EU member states.
This article develops a research framework for the analysis of the politics of migration policy i... more This article develops a research framework for the analysis of the politics of migration policy instruments. Policy instruments are seen as living instruments; they evolve and develop similar to moving targets. A scholar interested in this field of research
may focus either on the establishment of a given instrument or on its use. The question of an instrument’s design relates to the policy transfer literature focusing on how certain policies move from one setting to another. In the context of a policy transfer,
actors from the other – ‘receiving’ – institutional setting negotiate and, potentially, contest or reinterpret a policy instrument. The evolution of policy instruments once adopted in a specific institutional context is a second area of interest. The original
goals can be diluted throughout the implementation process notably due to tensions between intergovernmental and supranational actors, or sticky institutionalization, which is characterized by path-dependencies. Often the choice of new instruments derives from an inefficiency or loss of credibility of past instruments. This editorial therefore seeks to make a twofold contribution: first it investigates the added-value of a policy instrument approach to the study of migration; second it furthers research on the external dimension of EU migration policy.
The subject of this article is the politics of instrumentation of EU Readmission Agreement (EURA)... more The subject of this article is the politics of instrumentation of EU Readmission Agreement (EURA) negotiations with Morocco and Turkey. Refusing to sign an EURA for more than ten years, they share a similar position of ‘hard bargainers’. Recently though a ‘negotiation turn’ took place, Turkey initialling an EURA in June 2012 and Morocco committing to sign an EURA within the framework of a Mobility Partnership (MP) in June 2013. Unpacking the role of EU incentives and third countries’ preferences,
this article reveals that beyond the function of this instrument to co-opt third countries in EU’s fight against irregular migration, a series of obstacles forced the EU to revise the design of EURA and to take into account domestic and regional factors. This article engages with the meanings and representations carried by EURAs in third countries and implications for the logic of consequences and appropriateness within the framework of EU external migration policy.
ABSTRACT Most of the research on the rule of law in the European Union focuses on its external di... more ABSTRACT Most of the research on the rule of law in the European Union focuses on its external dimension. However, to be a credible rule of law promoter abroad, rule of law standards at home need to match what the EU preaches abroad. This article assesses developments regarding the strengthening of the rule of law in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice heralded in 2009 as one of the objectives of the Stockholm Programme. Two mechanisms had been envisaged. First, a new peer-review mechanism, based on a Dutch initiative, would be introduced. Second, ambitions to improve the monitoring culture of Justice and Home Affairs instruments found some support in the strengthening of the relationship between the Council of Europe and the European Union. Not only the negotiations on the EU's accession to the European Convention on Human Rights should improve the rule of law and mutual trust, but the EU could also better make use of the existing monitoring instruments of the Council of Europe. Inter-institutional tensions over the implementation of JHA policies, as well as turbulences surrounding the EU's accession to the ECHR have nonetheless come to light and are explored in this article.
ABSTRACT This article shows that the dynamics of expansion and diversification of the external di... more ABSTRACT This article shows that the dynamics of expansion and diversification of the external dimension of Justice and Home Affairs (ED-JHA) identified in the editorial of this special issue can be altered by three processes: further institutionalization, politicization and operationalization. Those three dimensions participate in the creation of different patterns for the ED-JHA that can be summarized under the metaphor of a kaleidoscope. The dynamics of expansion and diversification can therefore take different forms, following which kaleidoscopic view prevails and leading to different ways of participation and influencing policy-making. Institutionalization is identifiable by routinization, structuration of decision-making, diffusion of values as well as competition for power and ressources across the actors. Mechanisms contributing to further institutionalization are to be found by EU institutions through the European External Action Service as well as through the diffusion of the EU's internal security discourse to the Common Security and Defence Policy police missions. The roles endorsed by the European Parliament and JHA agencies are symptomatic of a politicization trend, which widens the circle of actors in this area. Finally, the ED-JHA is taking an operational dimension, law enforcement actors looking for ways to pursue cooperation in a pragmatic way, while avoiding some constraints imposed by institutionalization and politicization. The dynamics of expansion and diversification after Lisbon and Stockholm can be altered in the coming years by further institutionalization, politicization or operationalization.
EU internal security concerns such as migration, police and judicial cooperation are today part o... more EU internal security concerns such as migration, police and judicial cooperation are today part of EU foreign policy. This book shows how those concerns have taken over the EU agenda towards Mediterranean countries. Adopting a rational-choice institutionalist approach, it explores EU policy in the region since the turn of this century. Findings provide clues on how to re-design EU policies towards the region following the 2011 Arab revolts. Investigating the cases of border management, counter-terrorism and rule of law promotion through the lens of a rational-choice-historical institutionalism, the book contends that the development of a Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) Mediterranean dimension was contingent upon two independent variables: states' preferences and historical legacies. Contrary to the expected outcome, which would be that the various decision-making rules constrained the actors, the sense that emerges is that the development of a JHA external dimension depends on the intended strategic action of actors and is affected by time.
This book introduces the main changes induced by the Lisbon Treaty and the Stockholm Programme in... more This book introduces the main changes induced by the Lisbon Treaty and the Stockholm Programme in the field of
Justice and Home Affairs (JHA). The Lisbon Treaty has brought important changes to decision making at EU level,
while the Stockholm Programme has set policy objectives for the next five years.
The contributions to this book assess briefly the acquis so far and elaborate on the future challenges that remain, in
order to turn the area of freedom, security and justice into a reality, both for citizens and practitioners. Written by
experts with different backgrounds – academics, policy makers and practitioners – they make this book a very useful
tool for a broad audience, including EU officials, judges, lawyers, academics, students and police officers
This book proposes to cast some theoretical and empirical light upon the external dimension of Ju... more This book proposes to cast some theoretical and empirical light upon the external dimension of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) which has become a priority in the European Union (EU)’s external relations. Counter-terrorism, visa policy, drug trafficking, organized crime or border controls have indeed become daily business in EU’s relations with the rest of the world.
The external dimension of JHA is a persistent policy objective of the EU and its member states, as the 1999 Tampere summit conclusions, the 2000 Coreper report, the 2005 Strategy for the External Dimension of JHA, and the integration of JHA chapters under the European Neighbourhood Policy testify.
With an interdisciplinary ambition in mind, this book reflects an attempt to draw together theoretical and empirical insights on the external dimension written by academic scholars that take an interest in questions of JHA and European Foreign Policy (EFP). It does so from an issue-oriented perspective (civilian crisis management, the European Neighbourhood Policy, counter-terrorism policy, visa policy, passenger name record) but also from a geographical perspective with in-depth analysis of the situation in the Western Balkans, Georgia, transatlantic relations and of the Mediterranean neighbourhood.
This book was published as a special issue of the Journal of European Integration.
Maintaining mostly a national and EU-level focus, the transnational dimension has been overlooked... more Maintaining mostly a national and EU-level focus, the transnational dimension has been overlooked in the policy instrumentation literature. Seeking to fill this gap, this article researches the factors that shape the choice and evolution of policy instruments in transnational administrations, namely above and beyond the state. In an empirical analysis of budget support, it finds that the preference of the European Commission for this development aid instrument is dependent upon transnational agency and EU domestic habitat. This is evidenced in three steps. First, conflicting global objectives and institutional strategies of re-legitimization provided transnational administrative agency with power and leverage to promote managerial norms over developmental ones. Second, transnational knowledge networks have provided the European Commission venues of socialization to maintain its monopoly over the instrument. Third, the de-politicized transnational logic of budget support as a managerial tool is correlated to an increased politicization by some EU member states.
This article develops a research framework for the analysis of the politics of migration policy i... more This article develops a research framework for the analysis of the politics of migration policy instruments. Policy instruments are seen as living instruments; they evolve and develop similar to moving targets. A scholar interested in this field of research
may focus either on the establishment of a given instrument or on its use. The question of an instrument’s design relates to the policy transfer literature focusing on how certain policies move from one setting to another. In the context of a policy transfer,
actors from the other – ‘receiving’ – institutional setting negotiate and, potentially, contest or reinterpret a policy instrument. The evolution of policy instruments once adopted in a specific institutional context is a second area of interest. The original
goals can be diluted throughout the implementation process notably due to tensions between intergovernmental and supranational actors, or sticky institutionalization, which is characterized by path-dependencies. Often the choice of new instruments derives from an inefficiency or loss of credibility of past instruments. This editorial therefore seeks to make a twofold contribution: first it investigates the added-value of a policy instrument approach to the study of migration; second it furthers research on the external dimension of EU migration policy.
The subject of this article is the politics of instrumentation of EU Readmission Agreement (EURA)... more The subject of this article is the politics of instrumentation of EU Readmission Agreement (EURA) negotiations with Morocco and Turkey. Refusing to sign an EURA for more than ten years, they share a similar position of ‘hard bargainers’. Recently though a ‘negotiation turn’ took place, Turkey initialling an EURA in June 2012 and Morocco committing to sign an EURA within the framework of a Mobility Partnership (MP) in June 2013. Unpacking the role of EU incentives and third countries’ preferences,
this article reveals that beyond the function of this instrument to co-opt third countries in EU’s fight against irregular migration, a series of obstacles forced the EU to revise the design of EURA and to take into account domestic and regional factors. This article engages with the meanings and representations carried by EURAs in third countries and implications for the logic of consequences and appropriateness within the framework of EU external migration policy.
ABSTRACT Most of the research on the rule of law in the European Union focuses on its external di... more ABSTRACT Most of the research on the rule of law in the European Union focuses on its external dimension. However, to be a credible rule of law promoter abroad, rule of law standards at home need to match what the EU preaches abroad. This article assesses developments regarding the strengthening of the rule of law in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice heralded in 2009 as one of the objectives of the Stockholm Programme. Two mechanisms had been envisaged. First, a new peer-review mechanism, based on a Dutch initiative, would be introduced. Second, ambitions to improve the monitoring culture of Justice and Home Affairs instruments found some support in the strengthening of the relationship between the Council of Europe and the European Union. Not only the negotiations on the EU's accession to the European Convention on Human Rights should improve the rule of law and mutual trust, but the EU could also better make use of the existing monitoring instruments of the Council of Europe. Inter-institutional tensions over the implementation of JHA policies, as well as turbulences surrounding the EU's accession to the ECHR have nonetheless come to light and are explored in this article.
ABSTRACT This article shows that the dynamics of expansion and diversification of the external di... more ABSTRACT This article shows that the dynamics of expansion and diversification of the external dimension of Justice and Home Affairs (ED-JHA) identified in the editorial of this special issue can be altered by three processes: further institutionalization, politicization and operationalization. Those three dimensions participate in the creation of different patterns for the ED-JHA that can be summarized under the metaphor of a kaleidoscope. The dynamics of expansion and diversification can therefore take different forms, following which kaleidoscopic view prevails and leading to different ways of participation and influencing policy-making. Institutionalization is identifiable by routinization, structuration of decision-making, diffusion of values as well as competition for power and ressources across the actors. Mechanisms contributing to further institutionalization are to be found by EU institutions through the European External Action Service as well as through the diffusion of the EU's internal security discourse to the Common Security and Defence Policy police missions. The roles endorsed by the European Parliament and JHA agencies are symptomatic of a politicization trend, which widens the circle of actors in this area. Finally, the ED-JHA is taking an operational dimension, law enforcement actors looking for ways to pursue cooperation in a pragmatic way, while avoiding some constraints imposed by institutionalization and politicization. The dynamics of expansion and diversification after Lisbon and Stockholm can be altered in the coming years by further institutionalization, politicization or operationalization.
The first part of this chapter reviews how the Sahara-Sahel region has become a new frontier for ... more The first part of this chapter reviews how the Sahara-Sahel region has become a new frontier for EU policy-makers with the conceptualization of a ‘Strategy for Security and Development in the Sahel’ which on paper comprehensively attempts bridging the security-development gap (Council of the European Union 2011). So far though, this strategy has been used more as a crisis management tool than a real development instrument, and it overlooks migratory challenges in the region. The second part of the chapter discusses the policy option to support further Maghreb integration and to encourage cross-regional cooperation on migration with sub-Saharan countries. Political challenges in this regard include the Western Sahara conflict and the difference of migration policies between Maghreb and African countries. From a legal point of view, the strengthening of a solid legal protection of refugees, asylum and migrants’ rights in the Maghreb is another key challenge. In the third part of the c...
A perennial debate in European integration literature revolves around whether the EU moves toward... more A perennial debate in European integration literature revolves around whether the EU moves towards an 'ever closer union'. Is the EU becoming more intergovernmental or more supranational? The Lisbon treaty by no means ends this debate. Lisbon's origin – the 'constitution' – was destined to make the EU more supranational but everyday impressions suggest that the EU becomes rapidly more intergovernmental. This confirms the alleged trend in integration theories. Before drawing conclusions, the subtleties of the interplay between intergovernmentalism and supranationalism need to be revisited and specified. Building on public administration insights, we argue that intergovernmentalism and supranationalism are not opposite ends of a scale as often noted in the literature but are a precondition for one another: without intergovernmentalism no supranationalism and vice versa. Intergovernmentalism and supranationalism are probably better presented as a concept instead of ...
... of burden sharing was mentioned in the 2002 Commission Communication 'Towards integrated... more ... of burden sharing was mentioned in the 2002 Commission Communication 'Towards integratedmanagement of the ... BM, which could lead to the creation of a European Corps of Border Guards. The concept is first and foremost financial, since the member states are welcomed to ...
This is an original manuscript / preprint of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Medi... more This is an original manuscript / preprint of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Mediterranean Politics on 23 Mar 2021, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2021.1883285
The 1999 Tampere Summit marked the start of the development of the external dimension of the Euro... more The 1999 Tampere Summit marked the start of the development of the external dimension of the European Union's policy of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA). This external dimension has been reflected in the inclusion of JHA in agreements with third countries, and particularly with Mediterranean countries. Furthermore, the European NeighbourhoodPolicy (ENP), in addition to bilateral and multilateral programmes, confirmed the transformation of the JHA policy into one of the EU's foreign policy objectives. In the light of this evolution, this article examines Spain's role in the development of the Mediterraneandimension of the JHA policy: firstly, it covers the stance of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero's government toward the JHA policy and its external dimension; secondly, it explores the new parameters of governance in the area of security and the Spanish case through three main factors: the neighbours, spaces and actors that define this governance. Lastly, and within a conte...
The subject of this article is the politics of instrumentation of eu Readmission Agreement (eura)... more The subject of this article is the politics of instrumentation of eu Readmission Agreement (eura) negotiations with Morocco and Turkey. Refusing to sign an eura for more than ten years, they share a similar position of ‘hard bargainers’. Recently though a ‘negotiation turn’ took place, Turkey initialling an eura in June 2012 and Morocco committing to sign an eura within the framework of a Mobility Partnership (mp) in June 2013. Unpacking the role of eu incentives and third countries’ preferences, this article reveals that beyond the function of this instrument to co-opt third countries in eu’s fight against irregular migration, a series of obstacles forced the eu to revise the design of eura and to take into account domestic and regional factors. This article engages with the meanings and representations carried by euras in third countries and implications for the logic of consequences and appropriateness within the framework of EU external migration policy.
A perennial debate in European integration literature revolves around whether the EU moves toward... more A perennial debate in European integration literature revolves around whether the EU moves towards an ‘ever closer union’. Is the EU becoming more intergovernmental or more supranational? The Lisbon treaty by no means ends this debate. Lisbon’s origin – the ‘constitution’ – was destined to make the EU more supranational but everyday impressions suggest that the EU becomes rapidly more intergovernmental. This confirms the alleged trend in integration theories. Before drawing conclusions, the subtleties of the interplay between intergovernmentalism and supranationalism need to be revisited and specified. Building on public administration insights, we argue that intergovernmentalism and supranationalism are not opposite ends of a scale as often noted in the literature but are a precondition for one another: without intergovernmentalism no supranationalism and vice versa. Intergovernmentalism and supranationalism are probably better presented as a concept instead of a scale. This opens ...
Contrary to the idea that ‘Brexit means Brexit’, the article demonstrates that, in spite of leavi... more Contrary to the idea that ‘Brexit means Brexit’, the article demonstrates that, in spite of leaving the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice, the UK is not automatically seeking to distance itself from the EU’s activities and approaches to these policy fields. Using the concepts of disengagement, continued engagement and re-engagement and drawing from historical institutionalism, the article further clarifies that present and future trajectories of UK positions in respect of the EU action are conditioned by a path dependence created by the evolution of UK opt-ins and opt-outs in this field, by the politicisation of the Brexit negotiations in the context of the UK–EU relations and by domestic UK politics. We explore this argument across three policy areas: (1) police and judicial cooperation, (2) immigration, borders and asylum, and (3) cybersecurity.
What is the impact of the UK’s withdrawal from the EU on British policies, polity and politics an... more What is the impact of the UK’s withdrawal from the EU on British policies, polity and politics and their future trajectories? This question has been overlooked so far, as many observers have focused on the identity, cultural, and political reasons behind the Brexit vote or scrutinized closely the process of withdrawal. The de-Europeanization literature has tried to capture the new dynamics behind the impact of Brexit on the domestic scene by understanding it as a will to dismantle policies and politics previously Europeanized. On the contrary, we argue here that Brexit is not necessarily the end of UK’s engagement with the EU. This editorial and this special issue provide a more nuanced explanation and support the idea that Brexit is not putting an end to the EU’s influence over British public policies. In fact, we identify several pathways to the EU–UK relationship which can be conceptualized along a continuum from de-Europeanization to re-engagement scenarios. Building on the lite...
This article develops a timely new model for EU foreign policy by advancing the call for a &#... more This article develops a timely new model for EU foreign policy by advancing the call for a 'decentring agenda', focused on the challenge of inclusive 'reconstruction'. It does so by first staking out an ontological space at the intersection of empirical multiplexity and normative pluriversality. Within this space, it proposes an ethically informed methodological tool: the contrapuntal negotiation of dissonant perspectives on common governance challenges. It then suggests ways to reconstruct analytical and policy-making processes and outcomes on the basis of mutuality and local empowerment. Using three scales of 'contrapuntality' (micro, meso and macro) to read key empirical sites at the intersection of the EU's internal and external policies (migration, religious and neighbourhood governance), it argues that by decentring in these and further arenas, the EU can seek to become a more reflexive global actor in sync with the ethical and practical demands of our multiplex world.
This article develops a timely new model for EU foreign policy by advancing the call for a 'decen... more This article develops a timely new model for EU foreign policy by advancing the call for a 'decentring agenda', focused on the challenge of inclusive 'reconstruction'. It does so by first staking out an ontological space at the intersection of empirical multiplexity and normative pluriversality. Within this space, it proposes an ethically informed methodological tool: the contrapuntal negotiation of dissonant perspectives on common governance challenges. It then suggests ways to reconstruct analytical and policy-making processes and outcomes on the basis of mutuality and local empowerment. Using three scales of 'contrapuntality' (micro, meso and macro) to read key empirical sites at the intersection of the EU's internal and external policies (migration, religious and neighbourhood governance), it argues that by decentring in these and further arenas, the EU can seek to become a more reflexive global actor in sync with the ethical and practical demands of our multiplex world.
The death of Aylan, a 3-year-old boy on a Turkish beach, prompted European leaders and public opi... more The death of Aylan, a 3-year-old boy on a Turkish beach, prompted European leaders and public opinions to acknowledge that Europe is the deadliest migration destination in the world. In spite of this disturbing truth, there is little agreement on an EU solution to the Syrian refugee crisis. In September 2015, the EU Interior Ministers struggled to agree over the relocation of 120,000 refugees through a common compulsory mechanism, as Eastern European countries oppose the idea of “sharing the burden.” Progress regarding other solutions such as a European rescue at-sea-mission, the delivery of humanitarian visas or the opening of legal means of migration have also met strong member state resistance. If Europe is not up to the task, can international organisations (IOs), often critical of European states for their inaction, impulse change? What influence do IOs have on EU and Mediterranean migration and refugee policies? This paper investigates how IOs have been trying to frame an alte...
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Justice and Home Affairs (JHA). The Lisbon Treaty has brought important changes to decision making at EU level,
while the Stockholm Programme has set policy objectives for the next five years.
The contributions to this book assess briefly the acquis so far and elaborate on the future challenges that remain, in
order to turn the area of freedom, security and justice into a reality, both for citizens and practitioners. Written by
experts with different backgrounds – academics, policy makers and practitioners – they make this book a very useful
tool for a broad audience, including EU officials, judges, lawyers, academics, students and police officers
The external dimension of JHA is a persistent policy objective of the EU and its member states, as the 1999 Tampere summit conclusions, the 2000 Coreper report, the 2005 Strategy for the External Dimension of JHA, and the integration of JHA chapters under the European Neighbourhood Policy testify.
With an interdisciplinary ambition in mind, this book reflects an attempt to draw together theoretical and empirical insights on the external dimension written by academic scholars that take an interest in questions of JHA and European Foreign Policy (EFP). It does so from an issue-oriented perspective (civilian crisis management, the European Neighbourhood Policy, counter-terrorism policy, visa policy, passenger name record) but also from a geographical perspective with in-depth analysis of the situation in the Western Balkans, Georgia, transatlantic relations and of the Mediterranean neighbourhood.
This book was published as a special issue of the Journal of European Integration.
may focus either on the establishment of a given instrument or on its use. The question of an instrument’s design relates to the policy transfer literature focusing on how certain policies move from one setting to another. In the context of a policy transfer,
actors from the other – ‘receiving’ – institutional setting negotiate and, potentially, contest or reinterpret a policy instrument. The evolution of policy instruments once adopted in a specific institutional context is a second area of interest. The original
goals can be diluted throughout the implementation process notably due to tensions between intergovernmental and supranational actors, or sticky institutionalization, which is characterized by path-dependencies. Often the choice of new instruments derives from an inefficiency or loss of credibility of past instruments. This editorial therefore seeks to make a twofold contribution: first it investigates the added-value of a policy instrument approach to the study of migration; second it furthers research on the external dimension of EU migration policy.
this article reveals that beyond the function of this instrument to co-opt third countries in EU’s fight against irregular migration, a series of obstacles forced the EU to revise the design of EURA and to take into account domestic and regional factors. This article engages with the meanings and representations carried by EURAs in third countries and implications for the logic of consequences and appropriateness within the framework of EU external migration policy.
Justice and Home Affairs (JHA). The Lisbon Treaty has brought important changes to decision making at EU level,
while the Stockholm Programme has set policy objectives for the next five years.
The contributions to this book assess briefly the acquis so far and elaborate on the future challenges that remain, in
order to turn the area of freedom, security and justice into a reality, both for citizens and practitioners. Written by
experts with different backgrounds – academics, policy makers and practitioners – they make this book a very useful
tool for a broad audience, including EU officials, judges, lawyers, academics, students and police officers
The external dimension of JHA is a persistent policy objective of the EU and its member states, as the 1999 Tampere summit conclusions, the 2000 Coreper report, the 2005 Strategy for the External Dimension of JHA, and the integration of JHA chapters under the European Neighbourhood Policy testify.
With an interdisciplinary ambition in mind, this book reflects an attempt to draw together theoretical and empirical insights on the external dimension written by academic scholars that take an interest in questions of JHA and European Foreign Policy (EFP). It does so from an issue-oriented perspective (civilian crisis management, the European Neighbourhood Policy, counter-terrorism policy, visa policy, passenger name record) but also from a geographical perspective with in-depth analysis of the situation in the Western Balkans, Georgia, transatlantic relations and of the Mediterranean neighbourhood.
This book was published as a special issue of the Journal of European Integration.
may focus either on the establishment of a given instrument or on its use. The question of an instrument’s design relates to the policy transfer literature focusing on how certain policies move from one setting to another. In the context of a policy transfer,
actors from the other – ‘receiving’ – institutional setting negotiate and, potentially, contest or reinterpret a policy instrument. The evolution of policy instruments once adopted in a specific institutional context is a second area of interest. The original
goals can be diluted throughout the implementation process notably due to tensions between intergovernmental and supranational actors, or sticky institutionalization, which is characterized by path-dependencies. Often the choice of new instruments derives from an inefficiency or loss of credibility of past instruments. This editorial therefore seeks to make a twofold contribution: first it investigates the added-value of a policy instrument approach to the study of migration; second it furthers research on the external dimension of EU migration policy.
this article reveals that beyond the function of this instrument to co-opt third countries in EU’s fight against irregular migration, a series of obstacles forced the EU to revise the design of EURA and to take into account domestic and regional factors. This article engages with the meanings and representations carried by EURAs in third countries and implications for the logic of consequences and appropriateness within the framework of EU external migration policy.