GIFT KIISI NKIN

Green leaves and stems have a quite high quantity of water and it’s difficult to obtained an accurate solvent to extract the constituents from the aqueous cells. So the choices of solvent to be used may determine the success of the extraction. In this research work two different solvents were used to extract photochemical parameters in Momordica charantia leaves and stems. The phyto constituents extracted by the solvents from the leaves and stems of M.charantia was compared. In a nutshell, this current study is aimed to painstakingly compared the extracting efficacy of Hexane and Ethanol on phytoconstituents of M.charantia leaves and stems and as well, showing the best and appropriate solvent to be used in extracting phytochemicals from the leaves and stems of M.Charantia. 150ML of Hexane and Ethanol were used for extracting phytoconstituents form both the leaves and stems of M.Charantia. Standard test methods for phytochemical screening were adopted to determine the various phytochemical parameters present. The result shows that the extracting power and strength of Hexane and Ethanol differs on the various phytochemical parameters. The result table showed apparently, the appropriate solvent between Hexane and Ethanol that can be used to extract phytoconstituents from the leaves and stems of M.charantia. phytoconstituents such as Tannins, Steriods, Glycosides, Saponins, phenols, Alkaloids, Flavonoids and volatile oil were isolated.

Problems caused by ambient air pollution on human and the environment can be averted by steadily and strictly monitoring of the concentrations of outdoor pollutants. Human activities have triggered changes in the earths atmosphere. In this research, 7(Seven) selected Eleme communities, 4(four) zones in each community and 28(Twenty eight) sampling points in all locations were assessed for the concentrations of CO, SO2 , NO2 , NO, CO2 , SPM, O2 , noise level and as well Meteorological parameters using methods recommended by ASTM for air pollutants measurement and meteorological parameters. Findings of this research showed that, measured level of CO (1.00 - 43.00 ppm) at Akpajo, Aleto and Onne zone "B" exceeded the stipulated limit by NAAQS. Measured level of SO2 (0.00 - 1.30 ppm) at zone "B" and "D" in all locations were above permissible limit except in Alode and Ogale in which the concentrations of SO2 were 0.00 ppm through out the zones. NO2 (0.00 - 3.10 ppm) and NO (0.00 - 1.05 ppm) concentrations in zone "B" in all the sampling locations exceeded the permissible limit by NAAQS except in Alode and Ogale. Aleto and Ogale zone "D" were also above limits. SPM(0.01 - 4.83 ppm) Levels in all locations and zones exceeded the limit given by W.H.O except in Ogale residential area. Noise Level (40.20 - 102 dBA) at Alesa, Aleto, Akpajo and Ebubu zone "B" were as well above limits. In order to address the risk connected with the identified pollutants in the study area, more endeavour should be conveyed to the use of renewable energy and as well, cleaner air initiatives should be embarked upon.

Green leaves and stems have a quite high quantity of water and it’s difficult to obtained an accurate solvent to extract the constituents from the aqueous cells. So the choices of solvent to be used may determine the success of the extraction. In this research work two different solvents were used to extract photochemical parameters
in Momordica charantia leaves and stems. The phyto constituents extracted by the solvents from the leaves and stems of M.charantia was compared. In a nutshell, this current study is aimed to painstakingly compared the extracting efficacy of Hexane and Ethanol on phytoconstituents of M.charantia leaves and stems and as well,
showing the best and appropriate solvent to be used in extracting phytochemicals from the leaves and stems of M.Charantia. 150ML of Hexane and Ethanol were used for extracting phytoconstituents form both the leaves and stems of M.Charantia. Standard test methods for phytochemical screening were adopted to determine the
various phytochemical parameters present. The result shows that the extracting power and strength of Hexane and Ethanol differs on the various phytochemical parameters. The result table showed apparently, the appropriate solvent between Hexane and Ethanol that can be used to extract phytoconstituents from the leaves and stems of M.charantia. phytoconstituents such as Tannins, Steriods, Glycosides, Saponins, phenols, Alkaloids,  Flavonoids and volatile oil were isolated.

Particulate-filled polymer composites are becoming
quite attractive because of their low cost and wide application.
Nowadays shells of arthropods and mollusks are widely used as
reinforced materials due to their availability and impact
mechanical properties. This study focused on the production and
evaluation of impact strength of snail shell reinforced epoxy
composite and as well given concrete information and
recommendation on usage with respect to appropriate filler
concentration and impact strength resistance. Production was
carried out according to the percentages of filler which are 0%,
10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% respectively. ASTM standard
method forcharpy impact strength tests was used to determine
the impact resistance of samples. From the result, the neat epoxy
gave 11.344 while 10% and 20% filler concentration gave 7.519
and 7.056 KJ/m² respectively. The results showed that the impact
strength of snail shell reinforced epoxy composite, decreases with
increase in filler concentration. Composite materials are
generally used for building, bridges and structures such as boat,
hulls, swimming pool panels and shower stalls.