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Sergey Slepchenko
  • Tyumen, Tyumen', Russian Federation
This article presents an archaeoparasitological analysis of a child mummy from the medieval Zeleniy Yar burial ground (12-13th centuries AD) located in the northern part of western Siberia. Analysis of samples from the intestinal contents... more
This article presents an archaeoparasitological analysis of a child mummy from the medieval Zeleniy Yar burial ground (12-13th centuries AD) located in the northern part of western Siberia. Analysis of samples from the intestinal contents of the child mummy revealed eggs of Opisthorchis felineus, suggesting that people of the region consumed raw or undercooked fish during the Middle Ages. Palynological data suggest that death probably occurred in the winter since this sample was free of 'environmental-type' pollen from wind-pollinated plants. The sample was also free of the so-called 'economic-type' pollen, suggesting that medicinal plants, namely different teas or herbs, had not been consumed, suggesting that no attempts were made to cure the ill child using these agents.
The identification of parasites in ancient human remains can address questions of past health, disease, mobility and mortuary customs. Archaeoparasitological evidence from Russia is, however, almost absent. This study presents the first... more
The identification of parasites in ancient human remains can address questions of past health, disease, mobility and mortuary customs. Archaeoparasitological evidence from Russia is, however, almost absent. This study presents the first such evidence in the form of a helminth infection in a mummified individual from the southern Siberian site of Doge-Bary II, the burial ground of a nomadic Iron Age community. Despite the removal of the intestines as part of the mummification procedure, the residual eggs of Trichuris trichiura, a non-indigenous species of whipworm, were detected. This evidence provides the first confirmation of prehistoric contact between southern Siberian nomads and distant agricultural areas, such as China and Central Asia.
В статье приводится результат археопаразитологического и палинологического исследования образца из канализационного стока Чоргунской башни, расположенной на территории современного села Черноречье (Юго-Западный Крым). По результатам... more
В статье приводится результат археопаразитологического и палинологического исследования образца из канализационного стока Чоргунской башни, расположенной на территории современного села Черноречье (Юго-Западный Крым). По результатам археологических исследований, время возведения донжона относится к третьей четверти XV в. В образце удалось выявить четыре вида яиц кишечных паразитов инвазирующих человека и синантропных животных.
Наличие яиц человеческого власоглава и аскарид указывает на относительно неблагополучное санитарное состояние данного фортификационного сооружения в отношении паразитарных и инфекционных желудочно-кишечных заболеваний.
Характеристика археопаразитологического спектра позволяет предположить возможное применение антигельминтных средств, либо употребление пищи, обладающей противопаразитарной активностью в отношении круглых червей. Непростая санитарно-эпидемическая обстановка осложнялась также и присутствием в Чоргунском донжоне синантропных грызунов — крыс и домашних мышей, которые могли являться постоянным источником опасных инфекций.
Результаты палинологического исследования содержимого канализационного стока позволили получить дополнительную информацию о питании людей, пользовавшихся отхожим местом в Чоргунском донжоне.
Немаловажным результатом исследования является демонстрация возможностей методов для исследования канализационных стоков и перспективность последних в качестве источника биоархеологической информации.
Russia, both as the USSR and the Russian federation, provided a source of parasitological theory for decades. A key figure in Russian parasitology was Yevgeny Pavlovsky. He developed the nidus concept of Pavlovsky provided the conceptual... more
Russia, both as the USSR and the Russian federation, provided a source of parasitological theory for decades. A key figure in Russian parasitology was Yevgeny Pavlovsky. He developed the nidus concept of Pavlovsky provided the conceptual basis for the field of pathoecology. He also coined the term " Paleoparasitology ". Pathoecology is a foundation concept in archaeological parasitology. Paleoparasitology, as defined by Pavlovsky, is an avenue for understanding of host parasite evolution over very long time periods. These contributions are not fully recognized internationally. Similarly, the long history of Russian paleontological and archaeological investigations are not fully known. Most recently, discoveries from archaeological sites show that a pattern of zoonotic infection prevailed among archaeological populations in central Russia. This included a case of apparent host switching of beef tapeworm infection to reindeer. This latter discovery raises the possibility that archaeological parasitology can contribute to the new Stockholm Paradigm of ecological fitting, host switching, and emergent disease. This review covers all of the parasitological discoveries from ancient Russia and illustrates how Russian models and discoveries defined parasitological theory in the past and present.
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This study addresses caries prevalence in Ayaly and Kaurdak-Sargat groups of Siberian Tatars living in the Omsk Region of the Irtysh. Judging by dental remains from the Okunevo VII and Bergamak II cemeteries (17th–18th centuries), the... more
This study addresses caries prevalence in Ayaly and Kaurdak-Sargat groups of Siberian Tatars living in the Omsk Region of the Irtysh. Judging by dental remains from the Okunevo VII and Bergamak II cemeteries (17th–18th centuries), the caries frequency among those people was similar to that in the late medieval population of northwestern Siberia. The diet of both these populations apparently consisted mostly of meat. However, a somewhat higher caries frequency among Siberian Tatars indicates a greater amount of carbohydrates. Later (18th to early 20th century) Tatars of Chertaly I, Toksay I and II, Tyulchakovo, and Letniy Kaurdak) exhibit a caries frequency similar to that found in 18th–19th century Russian peasants of western Urals, possibly evidencing a similar proportion of refined carbohydrates in the diet. Difference between earlier and later Tatar groups attests to an increasing role of agriculture due to the immigration of Russians and, later, of Tatars from the Volga-Ural region.
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The Kulun-Atakh archeological culture of the Sakha [Yakut] people is described on the basis of burials dated to the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries. This is a period before the arrival of Cossacks, when the Sakha were first... more
The Kulun-Atakh archeological culture of the Sakha [Yakut] people is described on the basis of burials dated to the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries. This is a period before the arrival of Cossacks, when the Sakha were first practicing livestock herding in the vast territories of what is today the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Recent dating techniques combined with new discoveries have made possible multidisciplinary research on Sakha origins.
The Kulun-Atakh archeological culture of the Sakha [Yakut] people is described on the basis of burials dated to the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries. This is a period before the arrival of Cossacks, when the Sakha were first... more
The Kulun-Atakh archeological culture of the Sakha [Yakut] people is
described on the basis of burials dated to the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries. This is a period before the arrival of Cossacks, when the Sakha were first practicing livestock herding in the vast territories of what is today the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Recent dating techniques combined with new discoveries have made possible multidisciplinary research on Sakha origins.
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В статье обобщены результаты археопаразитологического исследования могильников, оставленных локальными группами коренного населения севера Западной Сибири (северные селькупы и тундровые ненцы с бассейна реки Таз). Проведено сопоставление... more
В статье обобщены результаты археопаразитологического исследования могильников, оставленных локальными группами коренного населения севера Западной Сибири (северные селькупы и тундровые ненцы с бассейна реки Таз). Проведено сопоставление полученных результатов с этнографическими материалами и дано краткое описание методики рхеопаразитологического исследования. Определено, что преобладающим гельминтозом у групп тазовских ненцев и селькупов являлся дифиллоботриоз, а основной пищей была сырая рыба. При этом рацион питания ненцев-рыболовов зоны лесотундры, оставивших могильник Нямбойто I, вероятно, в большей степени состоял из рыбы. Пища ненцев-оленеводов XIX века с реки Вэсакояха была разнообразной и кроме рыбы включала в себя мясо северного оленя. Селькупы XVII – XIX из Кикки-Акки, среди групп исследованного населения с реки Таз, занимают промежуточное положение.
Показано, что кормление детей сырой рыбой начиналось с раннего возраста. Подтверждены данные этнографических наблюдений о поедании сырого головного мозга северного оленя ненцами-оленеводами, что и являлось причиной их заражения тениаринхозом.
Намечено направление реконструкции путей сезонных миграции человека на территории Западной Сибири, основанное на территориальном различии в распространенности промежуточных хозяев некоторых гельминтов. На примере сопоставления территорий проживания северных селькупов, оставивших могильник Кикки-Акки, и зон распространения трематод вида Opisthorchis felineus показано, что ареал перемещений селькупов скорее всего ограничивалась бассейном реки Таз и возможно бассейнами рек Енисей и Пур. При этом сезонные перемещения селькупов из района современной фактории Кикки-Акки на реки Обь-Иртышского бассейна и употребление в пищу местной рыбы можно предположить маловероятными.
Данное исследование показывает перспективность рассмотрения археопаразитологических данных в этноархеологическом контексте с целью реконструкции пищевых традиций, структуры питания, типов хозяйственной деятельности, состоянии здоровья и некоторых других сторон жизни древнего и близкого к современности населения.
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The paleoanthropological material discovered at a shrine in Bolshoy Log fortified settlement of the Kulay culture is of a big interest regarding the formation of the morphological type of the Kulay population. Despite the wide area of... more
The paleoanthropological material discovered at a shrine in Bolshoy Log fortified settlement of the Kulay culture is of a big interest regarding the formation of the morphological type of the Kulay population. Despite the wide area of distribution (the Middle and Lower Ob River basin and adjacent territories of Western Siberia) and a long historical period of functioning (in the middle of the 1st millennium BC — the middle of the 1st millennium AD), there are only small data which would help to determine the morphological type of the Kulay population. These
are materials from the burial grounds of Kamenny Mys, Aldygan and single skulls from Ust-Poluy and Kulayskaya Gora shrines. Investigation of a skull from Bolshoy Log shrine showed that morphological features of the individual (a male of mature age) completely fits into the variability, typical of the very Kulay population, despite of high
individual variability. The morphological type of this male includes both Caucasoid and Mongoloid components. There are two trepanation holes on the skull, they were made after the skull had been separated from the body and after it had been cleaned off of soft tissues. The nature of holes location does not exclude a possibility of using it in ritual-magical actions. Facial reconstruction clearly demonstrates features of his appearance, which do not contradict a conclusion about the similarity of this male to a female from Ust-Poluy.
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Комплекс археологических памятников Зеленый Яр расположен в 40 км от г. Салехард (ЯНАО). К настоящему времени опубликованы материалы 37 погребений, содержащих останки 43 чел. В восьми захоронениях XII–XIII вв. были обнаружены... more
Комплекс археологических памятников Зеленый Яр расположен в 40 км от г. Салехард (ЯНАО). К настоящему времени опубликованы материалы 37 погребений, содержащих останки 43 чел. В восьми захоронениях XII–XIII вв. были обнаружены мумифицированные останки. В статье представлены результаты комплексного изучения наиболее хорошо сохранившегося мумифицированного тела мужчины из погр. 27. Исследование проводилось на основании компьютерной томографии. Ин-формативность полученных данных позволяет считать КТ-технологию «методом выбора» при анализе немацерированных останков. Доступность для осмотра не только наружных швов свода черепа, но и эндокрана позволила уточнить возраст смерти индивидуума – 45–55 лет. Были выявлены патологии зубочелюстной системы, скрытые под мягкими тканями: кариес и его осложнения в виде апикального периодонтита и остеоартроза левого височно-нижнечелюстного сустава. Также были обнаружены различные травматические повреждения и дегенеративно-дистрофические изменения опорно-двигательного аппарата. Для осуществления краниологического исследования и реконструкции лица мужчины на основа-нии компьютерной томографии было выполнено трехмерное моделирование цифрового изображения черепа и создана его объемная пластиковая копия. Анализ серии черепов XII–XIII вв. из могильника Зеленый Яр свидетельствует о монголоид-ности внешнего облика погребенных. В расовом отношении их можно отнести к ямало-енисейскому антропологическому типу западно-сибирской антропологической формации. Выраженными представителями данного типа в настоящее время являются сибирские тундровые ненцы. Это хорошо иллюстрирует реконструкция внешнего облика человека.
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We present an arhaeoparasitological analysis of a unique burial from the Neftprovod II burial ground in East Si-beria, which dated from the Bronze Age. Analysis of a sediment sample from the sacral region of the pelvis revealed the... more
We present an arhaeoparasitological analysis of a unique burial from the Neftprovod II burial ground in East Si-beria, which dated from the Bronze Age. Analysis of a sediment sample from the sacral region of the pelvis revealed the presence of Taenia sp. eggs. Because uncooked animal tissue is the primary source of Taenia, this indicated that the individual was likely consuming raw or undercooked meat of roe deer, red deer, or elk infected with Taenia. This finding represents the oldest case of a human infected with Taenia sp. from Eastern Siberia and Russia.
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This article presents a complex study of the female burial of the XVII century in Central Yakutia. The burial rite (traces of ritual roasting of the coffin, orientation to the North) and composition of the accompanying inventory (a knife... more
This article presents a complex study of the female burial of the XVII century in Central Yakutia. The burial rite (traces of ritual roasting of the coffin, orientation to the North) and composition of the accompanying inventory (a knife of the non-Yakut origin, a sphero-conical top part of a headdress with a support for a plume, twin overlaid decorative details of the headdress’s crown, a composite pectoral panel picture of sewn-on patches, an earring in the form of a question mark with a biconical bead) determine the peculiarity of the burial, and their nearest parallels can be traced to the Medieval cultures of the Eurasian steppe and forest-steppe nomads, as well as to the population of the Siberian forest and tundra zones of the XVI–XIX centuries. Craniological characteristics of the buried woman draw her closer to the populations of Central Asian and Baikal anthropological types of the North Asian formation.
Afontova Gora II is a Late Palaeolithic site dated between 15000 and 11000 years BP. The archaeological material is typical for the Afontova culture. The lithic industry is characterized by pebble tools and sidescrapers, as well as... more
Afontova Gora II is a Late Palaeolithic site dated between 15000 and 11000 years BP. The archaeological material is typical for the Afontova culture. The lithic industry is characterized by pebble tools and sidescrapers, as well as narrowfront and wedge-shaped microcores associated with microblade production. Raw material is dominated by small and big pebbles of alluvial origin from the Yenisei river bed (siltstone, argillite, sandstone, dolerite, quartzite, microquartzite). Big cores are not numerous and belong to either single-platform or radial types. Wedge-shaped microcores show a low level of standardization. The tool assemblage is dominated by big scrapers represented by a big variety of forms. The site yielded a number of anthropological finds, including a mandible and five teeth, which appear to have belonged to a young female of 14—15 years old. One more bone, a vertebrae, belongs to another female, who was older than 20 years. Some nonutilitarian
items, such as stone beads, a decorated ivory blade and ivory disks, were found too.
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The paper presents a comprehensive study of graves which relate to rare burial sites of the early stage of ethnic history of the Yakuts. The burial belongs to an equestrian warrior. It is confirmed by the findings of the horse harness and... more
The paper presents a comprehensive study of graves which relate to rare burial sites of the early stage of ethnic history of the Yakuts. The burial belongs to an equestrian warrior. It is confirmed by the findings of the horse harness and fragments of weapons, including a part of a Central Asian composite bow which is unique to the Yakuts, arrowheads and a blade of palma (Siberian pole weapon). The vertebral pathologies and morphological features of femurs also point at riding as a usual way of transportation. Multiple injuries of bones indicate to an aggressive lifestyle. The death of the man was caused by a penetrating injury of the head with a bladed weapon. Craniological characteristics of the man correspond to the South Siberian populations characterized by a combination of Caucasoid and Mongoloid features. In this case, the latter prevails. The ritual funerary complexes correspond to the Ust-Talkin culture, which alongside with cranial features of the man enable us to associate Sergelyakh burial with Turkic part of the Sakha people, which is epically correlated with the legendary Elley Bootur.
Представлены результаты комплексного исследования захоронения, относящегося к малочислен-ным погребальным памятникам раннего этапа этнической истории якутов. Погребение принадлежит конному воину, о чем свидетельствуют элементы конной... more
Представлены результаты комплексного исследования захоронения, относящегося к малочислен-ным погребальным памятникам раннего этапа этнической истории якутов. Погребение принадлежит конному воину, о чем свидетельствуют элементы конной упряжи и фрагменты вооружения, в том чис-ле части уникального для якутов композитного лука центрально-азиатского типа, наконечники стрел, клинок пальмы. Патологии позвоночника и морфологические признаки бедренных костей также указы-вают на верховую езду как привычный способ передвижения. Многочисленные травмы на костях сви-детельствуют об агрессивном образе жизни. Смерть мужчины наступила в результате проникающе-го ранения головы, нанесенного клинковым оружием. Краниологические характеристики индивидуума находят соответствие в южно-сибирских популяциях, для которых характерно метисное сочетание европеоидных и монголоидных признаков, в рассматриваемом случае с преобладанием последних. Со-ответствие ритуальных признаков погребальным комплексам усть-талькинской культуры и кранио-логические особенности мужчины позволяют ассоциировать Сергеляхское погребение с «тюркской» составляющей народа саха, эпически соотносимой с легендарным Эллэй Боотуром. Ключевые слова: Сергеляхское погребение, усть-талькинская культура, якуты, кранио-метрия, череп, антропологический тип, палеопатология, популяция.
An excavation of the Vesakoyakha II-IV and Nyamboyto I burial grounds was conducted during the 2014 field season, and soil samples from intact burials dating from the 19th and 20th centuries, respectively, were analyzed to determine... more
An excavation of the Vesakoyakha II-IV and Nyamboyto I burial grounds was conducted during the 2014 field season, and soil samples from intact burials dating from the 19th and 20th centuries, respectively, were analyzed to determine interactions between parasites and host/vectors. Considering the discovery of Diphyllobothrium sp. and Taenia sp. eggs in soil samples from the pelvic region, diphyllobothriasis was the most frequent helminthic infection among the Taz Nenets. The Nyamboyto Nenets mainly consumed uncooked fish, while the Vesakoyakha Nenets had a bigger variety in food choices, including reindeer meat. Nenets children were given raw fish from early childhood. The paleoparasitological results corroborate rare ethnographic records about the consumption of uncooked reindeer cerebrum which led to beef tapeworm helminthiases. This is the first parasitological report of helminthic diseases among the Taz Nenets, and, as such, it provides insight into their subsistence activities and food patterns and broadens our understanding of their health condition.
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We report a case study of cranial trepanation in a male subject 30 to 40 years of age from the Nefteprovod II burial ground in the Anzhevsk archeological site. This burial dates back to the Late Bronze Age, in particular the Karasuk... more
We report a case study of cranial trepanation in a male subject 30 to 40 years of age from the Nefteprovod II burial ground in the Anzhevsk archeological site. This burial dates back to the Late Bronze Age, in particular the Karasuk culture located in the Minusinsk Basin on the Yenisei River and on the upper reaches of the Ob River. The left parietal bone had an opening with evident signs of bone healing, as well as signs of inflamma-tory reaction from both bone plates of the calvarium. The strongest signs of inflammation were located around the trepanation opening at the exocranium, suggesting that it occurred after, rather than before, the operation. Although trepanation was the main cause for the development of the changes noted in the preceding texts, there are no reasons to believe that the subject died from complications arising from infection after trepana-tion. The patient survived and later died for reasons that may never be determined. Medical necessity was the most likely justification for trepanation. Immersion in altered states of consciousness may also have been a necessary part of the trepanation process as a mode of sedation, along with other shamanic practices, such as consumption of psychotropic substances or ecstatic dance. These data, together with reports of other ante mortem burials, raised questions about the application of anaesthesia and possible techniques of cranial trepanation. These issues and possible postoperative complications are discussed in the following text.
This paper examines caries prevalence in Tobolsk group of Siberian Tatars who left the Ostrovnye Yurty burial ground (19th – early 20th centuries). The observed caries frequency and the caries rate adjusted using proportional correction... more
This paper examines caries prevalence in Tobolsk group of Siberian Tatars who left the Ostrovnye Yurty
burial ground (19th – early 20th centuries).
The observed caries frequency and the caries rate adjusted using proportional correction factor (PCF)
were 3.3% and 11.6%, respectively. The high value of the latter one points to a large caries prevalence in the
population under study.
Estimates of PCF calculated separately for each sex evidences a higher rate among males than in
females (14.3% and 7.8% respectively). I also found that the rate the PCF adjusted caries rate was higher in
the «matures» age category both in male and female groups than in younger age categories. Caries frequencies
were greater on posterior teeth that on the anterior ones in all age groups of both.
Caries frequency in the population under study was greater than that hunting and fishing societies of
West Siberia, it is similar to that in the Russian population of the Urals (Verkhoturie, Kamensk-Uralsk, Revda),
and close to that in the contemporaneity Selkup group of Vargananzhino and Ust-Balyk. Therefore, I may
infer that there existed similar food patterns in all aforementioned groups.
The author recommends use of PCF, which accounts for caries on teeth lost antemortem as well as
postmortem, hence generating a more differentiated and realistic estimates about caries frequency in past
populations.
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The paper present an analysis  of Neolithic interments from the settlment complexes on lake Mergen (lower Ishim bassin). The authors offer interpretation of the these context of community ritualism of the ancient population/
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We present a paleoparasitological analysis of the medieval Zeleniy Yar burial ground of the XII-XII centuries AD located in the northern part of Western Siberia. Parasite eggs, identified as eggs of Opisthorchis felineus, were found in... more
We present a paleoparasitological analysis of the medieval Zeleniy Yar burial ground of the XII-XII centuries
AD located in the northern part of Western Siberia. Parasite eggs, identified as eggs of Opisthorchis felineus, were
found in the samples from the pelvic area of a one year old infant buried at the site. Presence of these eggs in the soil
samples from the infant’s abdomen suggests that he/she was infected with opisthorchiasis and imply consumption
of undercooked fish. Ethnographic records collected among the population of the northern part of Western Siberia
reveal numerous cases of feeding raw fish to their children. Zeleniy Yar case of opisthorchiasis suggests that this
dietary custom has persisted from at least medieval times.
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This paper presents paleoparasitological results from the Kikki-Akki burial ground dating from 17th to the early 19th centuries. Examination of sacrum projection and sacral foramina samples revealed helminth eggs of Diphyllobothrium... more
This paper presents paleoparasitological results from the Kikki-Akki burial ground dating from 17th to the early
19th centuries. Examination of sacrum projection and sacral foramina samples revealed helminth eggs of
Diphyllobothrium latum. It proves that the Taz Selkups consumed thermally untreated or slightly treated fish. A
high rate of Diphyllobothriasis in the contemporaneity Selkup group in the area under study points to a continuation
of the same dietary habits.
This study estimated parasite prevalence rate in the Taz Selkup population who used the Kikki-Akki burial
ground, and attempted to reconstruct early humans' dietary habits and health status. Presence of helminth alternate
hosts in different geographical locations allowed us to reconstruct human migration paths in West Siberia.
We present the high-quality genome sequence of a ~45,000-year-old modern human male from Siberia. This individual derives from a population that lived before—or simultaneously with—the separation of the populations in western and eastern... more
We present the high-quality genome sequence of a ~45,000-year-old modern human male from Siberia. This individual derives from a population that lived before—or simultaneously with—the separation of the populations in western and eastern Eurasia and carries a similar amount of Neanderthal ancestry as present-day Eurasians. However, the genomic segments of Neanderthal ancestry are substantially longer than those observed in present-day individuals, indicating that Neanderthal gene flow into the ancestors of this individual occurred 7,000–13,000 years before he lived. We estimate an autosomal mutation rate of 0.4 × 10−9 to 0.6 × 10−9 per site per year, a Y chromosomal mutation rate of 0.7 × 10−9 to 0.9 × 10−9 per site per year based on the additional substitutions that have occurred in present-day non-Africans compared to this genome, and a mitochondrial mutation rate of 1.8 × 10−8 to 3.2 × 10−8 per site per year based on the age of the bone.
ABSTRACT The archaeological site Ust-Tushama 1 is located in the Ust-Ilimsk district of the Irkutsk region on the right coast of the River Tushama (the left inflow of the Angara River). The total area of the site investigated in 2012 is... more
ABSTRACT The archaeological site Ust-Tushama 1 is located in the Ust-Ilimsk district of the Irkutsk region on the right coast of the River Tushama (the left inflow of the Angara River). The total area of the site investigated in 2012 is 7054 sq. m. The site houses three horizons of archaeological materials associated with Layers 1.1, 1.2 and 2.1. The maximum depth of the finds is limited to 2 m. The total number of the archaeological material obtained in 2012 makes 50804 pieces, including: fragments of ceramic vessels - 19707 pcs, stone products - 26796 pcs, osteological finds - 3511 pcs, bone objects - 20 pcs, fragments of metallurgical slag - 86 pcs, metal artifacts - 33 pcs. The round-bottomed tape ceramics is connected with all the eras presented at the site: Neolithic, Bronze Age, early Iron Age and the Middle Ages. The flat-bottomed ceramics is represented by household ware of the Russian period. Most stone products are tools (1837 pcs or 6,8% of all collection of the stone artifacts), while the specific weight of lithic cores is much lower (299 pcs or 1,1% of all collection of the stone artifacts). Such a ratio of artifacts categories testifies to the fact of using the territory of the site as a place where intensive and various work was carried out (as the percent of broken, worn out and renewed tools is extremely high). Splitting of the lithic cores brought from outside played a subordinate role. The main part of the set of the stone artifacts discovered is connected with deposits in the lower part of Layer 1.2 (the cultural horizon 2). There is a pair burial recorded here (of a teenager and a child) without the accompanying stock. The fauna of the site belongs to the forest type with some impregnations of forest-steppe types. It was quite unexpected to find some bones of Megaloceros giganteus. The number of domestic animals remains is few and generally comes from the top layer of excavation. Results : The analysis of the archaeological materials discovered at the site shows that the ceramic complex of the site can be divided into two parts reflecting various ceramic traditions. The tradition of producing round-bottomed vessels is connected with the existing cultures of taiga hunters and fishermen (due to the way of the vessels’ tape relief). Production of flat-bottomed vessels is obviously connected with the emergence of Russian settlements. The stone industry is generally of one technological tradition, both according to the characteristics of primary splitting and the tool kit sets where the main types are adzes, bifacial knives, tips and scrapers. The metal ware found is inexpressive. On the basis of the analysis of the archaeological materials, the chronological framework of the site can be defined as a range from Neolithic through Russian colonization settlements at the end of XVIII century. Conclusion : During archaeological works of 2012 the most informative part of the site Ust-Tushama 1 was studied in-depth. Man-site complexes of a wide time span are found, from the Neolithic (5-7 thousand years ago) to the Middle Ages, which gives a possibility to reconstruct the sequence of culture development within this chronological range at the given site of the Angara River valley.
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PALEOANTHROPOLOGY SOCIETY MEETING ABSTRACTS,
CALGARY, CANADA, 8–9 APRIL 2014
Afontova Gora II site is situated in Krasnoyarsk and is known to archaeologists for more 100 years. It is eponymous site of Afontovskaya archaeological culture of Late Paleolithic time and is dated by time span since 11 to 15 kyr. The... more
Afontova Gora II site is situated in Krasnoyarsk and is known to archaeologists for more 100 years. It is eponymous site of Afontovskaya archaeological culture of Late Paleolithic time and is dated by time span since 11 to 15 kyr. The study of site was reopened in 2014 whereas it is necessary to conduct archeological safe operations in the area of bridge building cross the Yenisei River. Two isolated from each other areas were defined in the site. They are confined to second and third terraces above flood-plain of Yenisei River. In course of excavation allocated on the third terrace paleoanthropological materials was found. It is associated with two female individuals of Homo sapiens.
Представлены результаты палеопатологического исследования костного материала из раннесредневекового могильника IV–VI вв. н.э. Устюг-1. Установлено, что состояние здоровья людей, погребенных в могильнике, было удовлетворительным, об этом... more
Представлены результаты палеопатологического исследования костного материала из раннесредневекового могильника IV–VI вв. н.э. Устюг-1. Установлено, что состояние здоровья людей, погребенных в могильнике, было удовлетворительным, об этом свидетельствует небольшое число патологий. Отсутствие воспалительных проявлений на костях, наличие лишь одного случая слабого проявления cribra orbitalia показывает приемлемое санитарное состояние места жительства и достаточно высокую сопротивляемость инфекциям, что сложно обеспечить без надлежащего питания и т.п. Трудовые нагрузки у мужчин не превышали физиологические, для женщин зафиксированы как малые, так и большие степени нагрузок, что, возможно, указывает на их разный социальный статус. Отмечено сходство по степени и типу физических нагрузок с саргатской группой раннего железного века, нагрузки не превышали пороговых значений и приходились в основном на верхние конечности. Традиция изменения формы головы в данной популяции, вероятно, явилась причиной высокой частоты
внутричерепной гипертензии, а также краниосиностоза у детей. Наличие травм осевого скелета и свода черепа может указывать на напряженную, изобиловавшую конфликтами межплеменную обстановку, а практически полное отсутствие травм лицевого отдела — на благоприятные внутригрупповые взаимоотношения.
Статья посвящена некоторым итогам вновь начавшихся комплексных исследований археологического памятника у поселка Зеленый Яр. Раскопки 1999–2002 гг. и 2013 г. дали возможность провести антропологический и генетический анализ... more
Статья посвящена некоторым итогам вновь начавшихся комплексных исследований археологического памятника у поселка Зеленый Яр. Раскопки 1999–2002 гг. и 2013 г. дали
возможность провести антропологический и генетический анализ мумифицированных останков погребенных, изучить одежду и погребальный обряд средневекового населения
Северного Приобья. Благодаря комплексным исследованиям, в полевом сезоне 2013 г. удалось впервые на данном памятнике зафиксировать женские захоронения, которые не встречались ранее, а также создать трехмерные модели погребений и находок. Кроме этого, впервые на территории ЯНАО были опробованы инновационные технологии, которые не только внесли неоценимый вклад в изучение истории региона, но и показали перспективность внедрения этих методов в российскую археологию в целом.
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The results of the comprehensive mineralogical-geochemical studies carried out for the first time for bone detritus from human burials of the Bronze-Iron Age belonging to the highly valuable archaeological... more
The  results  of  the  comprehensive  mineralogical-geochemical  studies  carried  out  for  the  first  time  for  bone  detritus  from  human  burials  of  the  Bronze-Iron  Age  belonging  to  the  highly  valuable  archaeological  monuments  are  discussed.  History of discovery and archaeological studies of Ust-Poluy settlement-sanctu-ary (Salekhard), as well as the microstructure of bone remains and nano-poros-ity  of  organic-mineral  bone  composite  variations  are  examined  in  detail.  Bone  chemical  and  microelement  composition,  X-ray  diffraction,  infrared-spectro-scopic  and  crystal-chemical  properties  of  bioapatite  are  studied.  For  the  first  time,  the  bone  collagen  from  the  archaeological  objects  is  isolated  and  investi-gated, both its amino-acid composition and degree of the amino-acid racemiza-tion is determined. The data about the isotopic composition of carbonate carbon and oxygen in bioapatite, as well as carbon and nitrogen in collagen is obtained. Based on the results derived, the conclusion is drawn that bone detritus appar-ently had belonged to a «pra-poluy» population of fishermen-hunters, some is-sues on the ecology of their habitat, diet, and the results of fossilization of bone remains are discussed.
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