Bipolar disorder
| Bipolar disorder | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Bipolar affective disorder, bipolar illness, manic depression, manic depressive disorder, manic-depressive illness,[1] manic-depressive psychosis, circular insanity,[1] bipolar disease[2] |
 | |
| Bipolar disorder is chairacterised bi episodes o depression an mania. | |
| Specialty | Psychiatry |
| Symptoms | Periods o depression an elevatit muid[3][4] |
| Complications | Suicide, sel-hairm[3] |
| Uisual onset | 25 year auld[3] |
| Teeps | Bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, ithers[4] |
| Causes | Environmental an genetic[3] |
| Risk factors | Faimily history, childhood abuse, lang-term stress[3] |
| Seemilar condeetions | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, personality disorders, schizophrenia, substance uise disorder[3] |
| Treatment | Psychotherapy, medications[3] |
| Medication | Lithium, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants[3] |
| Frequency | 1-3%[3][5] |
Bipolar disorder, previously kent as manic depression, is a mental disorder that causes periods o depression an periods o elevatit muid.[3][4]
References
[eedit | eedit soorce]- ↑ a b Edward Shorter (2005). A Historical Dictionary of Psychiatry. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 165–166. ISBN 978-0-19-517668-1.
- ↑ Coyle, Nessa; Paice, Judith A. (2015). Oxford Textbook of Palliative Nursing (in Inglis). Oxford University Press, Incorporated. p. 623. ISBN 9780199332342. Archived frae the original on September 8, 2017. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (help) - ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Anderson IM, Haddad PM, Scott J (27 December 2012). "Bipolar disorder". BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 345: e8508. doi:10.1136/bmj.e8508. PMID 23271744.
- ↑ a b c American Psychiatry Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 123–154. ISBN 0-89042-555-8.
- ↑ Schmitt A, Malchow B, Hasan A, Falkai P (Februar 2014). "The impact of environmental factors in severe psychiatric disorders". Front Neurosci. 8 (19). doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00019. PMC 3920481. PMID 24574956.
