Management

Purchases from online shopping portals have witnessed tremendous growth in India especially since the pandemic lockdown began. Unlike pre-covid times, the purchases from shopping portals, are no more only limited to fashion products and electronic gadgets. Consumers are now turning towards online retailers also for grocery items, packaged foods, dairy food, toys and many more products. One of the most important factors for this sharp e-commerce growth is that online retailers offer a platform on their websites/mobile applications for their customers to communicate, engage and put forth their purchase experiences. After purchase of commodities, a large section of the customers prefers to upload their honest product reviews both positive and negative online. The content created online in the form of these customer reviews is not only of keen interest for prospective customers, but it actually proves to be very helpful for them who most of the times make their purchases based on the reviews already available for the products online. In this paper, I have analysed a set of reviews of customers (mostly parents) for a health food drink, 'Pediasure', Chocolate flavour 1 kg pack. The reviews were downloaded from Amazon website and analysed using the software NVIVO 12 for conducting sentiment analysis. This method of study can be very helpful for the businesses and can use this type of analysis to understand their customers' perception, and feedback about their products and take required strategic actions accordingly.

In earlier years of commercial use of computers, there was no software industry in existence and all software systems were developed within the organization itself. But as the software industry grew over the years, numerous organizations outsourced software development to specialized software suppliers. The software industry started building up their own particular software to multiple customers keeping in mind the end goal to reach economies of scales This was known as the standard programming and it profited software purchasers by bringing down expenses to a large extent. So this study attempts to understand what sort of programming an association ought to go for; a standard programming or a custom programming? The choice relies upon the working of the association itself in light of the fact that if the working of the organization is mind complex and they need to customize the product then they ought to go for customized or if their work should be possible with no customization then they ought to go for standard programming.

The advances in the information and communication technology have emerged as a major disruptor for businesses across all domains. The traditional channels have now modified due to these developments and they have transformed to omni channels. We have studied the effect that the omni channel Framework has had on the role of Sales person in Apparel Retailing in India. Data was collected through questionnaires that filled by the consumers as well as the business owners. The research indicates that the role of sales person is changing fast, from just being a source of information for the products the sales person's role has become much more complicated and sophisticated. The sales person has to be up to date with all the information available on the omni channel network to be able to better serve the customers.

The present study evaluates the performance of selected mutual fund schemes in India using risk-adjusted measures of performance evaluation, namely, Sharpe ratio and Treynor's ratio. This paper empirically compares the Sharpe's Measure of evaluating mutual funds with Treynor's Measure for evaluating mutual funds for a period of 5 years using monthly returns and risk for 20 selected mutual funds. The analysis has been made on the basis of mean return, market risk (β) of the mutual fund, total risk (σ), Sharpe ratio and Treynor ratio. The study finds that both the measures generally yield similar inferences and there is very high degree of correlation between the results of Sharpe's ratio and Treynor's ratio when using the same benchmark for a sample of 20 Indian mutual fund schemes selected randomly for a period from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2015. The findings suggest that the overall performance of mutual fund schemes during the study period was mixed with midcap funds outperforming the large cap funds. The performance of HDFC Mid Cap Opportunities Fund-Gr was the best among the selected mutual funds and Tata Large Cap Fund-Regular Plan (G) was the worst performing fund

Investment behaviour has been the topic of research for many academicians, investment analyst and portfolio managers for a very long time. The main objectives of these researches have been to determine the factors that influence investors in making investment decisions. Understanding these factors becomes very important for the advancement of the subject and to help professionals in guiding the investors in making sound investment decisions. The prevailing theory on investments is based on the “Efficient Market Hypothesis” which assumes that “the investors are rational and that investors are unbiased in their predictions about future returns of their investments”. However this assumption of rational investor and efficient market hypothesis has been challenged by many researchers which led to the development of behavioral finance based on the ground breaking work done by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman. This study tries to understand the factors that influence individual investors in making investment decisions based on available literature. It tries to examine behavioral biases that influence the investors and develop conceptual frame work to explain the influence of the demographic and sociological factors, psychological/ behavioural factors and quantitative factors on investment decisions of individual investors
Keywords— Investment Behavior, Behavioral Finance, Investment Decisions, Behavioral Biases

The purpose of this research study was to estimate the actual returns of the stocks in the NIFTY 50 index and analyze stock returns using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to understand if the stocks were undervalued or overvalued according to CAPM. The nature of this study is empirical and analytical. The data are collected from secondary sources, which include research publications from journals available in print and websites. The Indian economy's 23 sectors are represented by the 50 stocks that make up the Nifty 50; hence, it was chosen for the current study because it is much more stable than other Indian indices. The monthly closing prices of stocks over 5 years, from January 2018 to January 2023, are taken into consideration for the analysis. It was found that out of 50 stocks, 26 were undervalued and 24 were overvalued.

In the fabrication industry, one of the critical challenges is to maintain close geometric tolerances in finished products, particularly in the air bending process. In many cases, this problem is related to springback and plastic elongation/compression of the sheet, as it undergoes deformation in bending. Springback refers to the elastic recovery of the bent sheet after unloading, whereas bend allowance refers to the elongation of the sheet during bending. Both factors, if not predicted properly, may lead to dimensional inaccuracies in the finished product and cause difficulties in the assembly. Therefore, it is essential to predict springback and bend allowance in order to obtain the final desired geometry. A new analytical model was developed to predict springback and bend allowance simultaneously in air bending, and a user-friendly computer program, BEND (Version 3.0), was developed. Results obtained from the BEND program were compared to other analytical predictions and experime...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the general trends in the area of dividend policy which will help to identify fertile research streams in this area with a potential for further investigation. Design/methodology/approach To conduct a systematic literature review, the authors use a three-step methodology to collect resources and thus evaluate the research work done in the area of dividend policy. First, the necessary data are extracted from the Scopus database using the relevant keywords. The initial search results are then narrowed down to include only English language journal publications which are stored in the file. Finally, this file is used as primary data for data analysis. Data analysis is done using bibliometric and network analysis tools to recognize the trends in dividend policy to help researchers identify emergent areas for future work to be done. Findings This study reveals that research in the area of dividend policy is rapidly expanding since 2005; affili...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the general trends in the area of dividend policy which will help to identify fertile research streams in this area with a potential for further investigation. Design/methodology/approach To conduct a systematic literature review, the authors use a three-step methodology to collect resources and thus evaluate the research work done in the area of dividend policy. First, the necessary data are extracted from the Scopus database using the relevant keywords. The initial search results are then narrowed down to include only English language journal publications which are stored in the file. Finally, this file is used as primary data for data analysis. Data analysis is done using bibliometric and network analysis tools to recognize the trends in dividend policy to help researchers identify emergent areas for future work to be done. Findings This study reveals that research in the area of dividend policy is rapidly expanding since 2005; affili...

In this paper we examine the pattern of inward FDI at the disaggregated industry level (NIC 3- digit), and test for the industry-specific characteristics that have been significant in attracting foreign investment in India during 2000-10. Since highly polluting industries (based on Central Pollution Control Board classification) have accounted for a substantive share of the FDI inflows, we control for these industries to discern the differential impact of industry characteristics in the dirty manufacturing sector. Our analysis of the FDI inflows focuses on a panel of top ten investing countries, as well as individual countries with relatively stringent environmental norms. Our results indicate that aggregate FDI in India was most significant in capital-intensive industries and those with large market size. Similarly, investment from Japan and UK was most significant in capital-intensive industries. However FDI from the US was significant in less-energy intensive industries, while wi...

type="main" xml:id="twec12164-abs-0001"> Recently, the apex environmental agency of India observed that domestic industrial pollution has been increasing at an alarming rate over the last two decades, and the need to rein in traditional polluting industries. This raises the pertinent question of whether the poor domestic pollution regime has affected the pattern of India's trade in dirty manufactured products in the post-liberalisation era since 1991. We find that on the whole, India has remained a net importer of pollution-intensive manufactured goods; however, there is a distinct trend of increasing specialisation in specific dirty industries especially in the bilateral trade with high-income countries, and to a lesser degree with low-income countries. The USA being India's single largest country trading partner in the post-liberalisation era, we test for pollution offshoring at the finer industry level in US-India bilateral trade. While we find that the pollution haven effect is not significant, India's specialisation in certain dirty manufacturing industries through the last decade remains a disturbing trend. India needs to integrate environmental sustainability within industrial growth urgently, and it is pertinent to implement policies which would reflect the true pollution costs in an industry that is increasingly competing in the international market.

One of the core development objectives of the liberalization regime in India was to enhance FDI in the high-technology industries. Although FDI inflows have increased substantively, it seems that the development goal of technology transfer has not been realized. Moreover, weak enforcement and compliance of environmental norms has put the country at risk of a pollution-haven effect. We examine the pattern of FDI in manufacturing industries, differentiated by technology-intensity and pollution-intensity, to discern the nature of industries that have attracted foreign investment. We build a comprehensive dataset using three databases (on external merchandise trade, foreign investment and domestic production), and find that FDI inflows increased substantially in capital-intensive industries, but not in skill-intensive manufacturing. High-tech export-oriented polluting industries gained significantly, suggesting possibility of a pollution-haven effect through export-platform FDI in pollu...

of the CIMA Study System 'Finance', gives some useful tips on this popular examination topic. The management of cash resources holds a central position in the area of short-term financing decisions. Results of investment decisions are estimated in cash terms and the value of a company to a shareholder lies in its ability to add to their command over resources over time, which means to add to the shareholder's command over cash. Cash management is part of the wider task of treasury management, which covers not only the management of the company's cash in the normal course of business-making sure the company always has enough cash on hand to meet its bills and expenses, and investing any surplus cash-but also other things too. Examples include foreign exchange dealings when the company either imports or exports goods, arranging suitable mixes of short-, medium-and long-term borrowing, and dealing on the foreign currency markets and the Eurocurrency market to maximise investment opportunities or to borrow funds on the most advantageous terms. However, holding cash carries with it a cost-the opportunity cost of the profits which could be made if the cash was either used in the company or invested elsewhere. Therefore, a company has to balance the advantages of liquidity against profitability: cash should be held until the marginal value of the liquidity it gives is equal to the value of the interest lost. Cash management is therefore concerned with optimising the amount of cash available to the company and maximising the interest on any spare funds not required immediately by the company. It is vital for organisations to identify their cash requirements, so as to optimise the method of financing. It is equally important, therefore, for organisations to budget for future financing needs so that the funding process can be planned and achieved as smoothly and efficiently as possible. Cash budgets are vital to the management of cash. They show, over periods varying between a single day, a week, a month, a year or even longer, the expected inflows and outflows of cash through the company. They help to show cash surpluses and cash shortages. Management can therefore use cash budgets to plan ahead to meet those eventualities-arranging borrowing when a deficit is forecast, or buying short-term securities during times of excess cash. The accuracy of the budget depends on the forecasts on which it is based, principally the forecast of future sales. This affects not only the amount of cash that will come into the company but also the timing of the receipts: credit sales will mean that payment for goods is delayed a month or two, while seasonal sales will mean that the company will have some months of large cash inflows and some of much smaller ones. This causes problems because, generally, cash outflows associated with production and day-today operations do not vary as much. The company may thus face cash shortages at times during the budget period and these will have to be made up somehow.