Hajarah Hussain

Objective: Enterococcus faecalis causing serious infections especially as a nosocomial pathogen was reinforced in many epidemiological studies. Many virulence factors were found to be involved in the pathogenesis of enterococcal infections and understanding of those factors are still limited. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of seven virulence genes in E. faecalis isolates from various dental conditions. Methods: A total of 42 E. faecalis isolates that were found to be vancomycin resistant were studied. Identification of the isolates was done by biochemical methods and 16s rRNA and screened for the presence of virulence genes eep, ace, asa1, asa373, enlA, fsr, and sprE using PCR. Results: All the 42 isolates were found to contain at least one and concomitantly up to as many as six virulence genes, with three or four being a common pattern. Most of the strains carried the ace gene (95%), and other genes were present at the frequency of 33% to 90% as well and 12% of the isolates carried eep+ace+asa1+asa373+fsr+sprE pattern in combination. Conclusion: From the data, it was observed that with different dental (clinical) conditions both dental caries and gingivitis were found to have various and highest prevalence of virulence factors though all the virulence genes were observed randomly in all the isolates. It should be pointed out that gene silencing could play its part in virulence determinants regardless of mere presence of virulence gene.

TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy association is not independent of type 2 diabetes — a study in a south Indian population andmeta-analysis Związek między polimorfizmem rs7903146 genu TCF7L2 a nefropatią cukrzycową nie jest niezależny od cukrzycy typu 2 — badanie populacji Indii Południowych imetaanaliza Abstract Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic microangiopathic complication of both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The TCF7L2gene has been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes risk. We aimed to investigate the impact ofTCF7L2gene on the susceptibility of T2DM and DN in a south Indian population. Plus to evaluate the association of rs7903146 in theTCF7L2gene with T2DM in the Indian population. The subjects recruited for this included 55 diabetic cases with diabetic nephropathy, 68 diabetic cases without nephropathy, and 82 non-diabetic healthy controls. GenomicDNA was isolated from blood and genotyping of TCF7L2 rs7903146 was perfo...

Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic microangiopathic complication of both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The
TCF7L2 gene has been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes risk. We aimed to investigate the impact of TCF7L2 gene on the
susceptibility of T2DM and DN in a south Indian population. Plus to evaluate the association of rs7903146 in the TCF7L2 gene with T2DM
in the Indian population. The subjects recruited for this included 55 diabetic cases with diabetic nephropathy, 68 diabetic cases without
nephropathy, and 82 non-diabetic healthy controls. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood and genotyping of TCF7L2 rs7903146 was
performed by PCR-RFLP analysis. A literature survey was carried out into the effect of rs7903146 on genetic susceptibility to T2DM in
Indian populations and we then performed a meta-analysis in order to evaluate its association with T2DM. Analysis of TCF7L2 rs7903146
in normal controls and diabetics with or without nephropathy demonstrated that the ‘T’ allele is associated with both diabetes (p = 0.049)
and DN (p = 0.024), but this association is not independent of T2DM. Meta-analysis showed that the mutant allele and genotypes are associated
with T2DM in Indian populations. In summary, a significant association exists between the ‘T’ allele and DN, but this association
is not independent of T2DM. Pooled meta-analysis of studies on rs7903146 and T2DM confirmed that rs7903146 is significantly associated
with susceptibility to T2DM in Indian populations. (Endokrynol Pol 2014; 65 (4): 158–165)