Alexander Carter
Teesside University, Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Department Member
- Politics, History, Nationalism, Political Extremism/Radicalism/Populism, Ethnic Conflict and Civil War, Fascism, and 15 moreExtreme and Far Right, Benedict Anderson, Noam Chomsky, Political Violence, History of Political Violence, Movement-Countermovement, Security, Peace, Conflict, Multiculturalism, Ethnicity, Human Rights, International Law, National Identity, and Cass Muddeedit
The book analyses major manifestations of hatred in the European space in 2015, as well as factors that influenced the demand for radicalism in society. Special attention was paid to how European governments respond to modern... more
The book analyses major manifestations of hatred in the
European space in 2015, as well as factors that influenced the demand
for radicalism in society. Special attention was paid to how European
governments respond to modern challenges. Analysis is given on the
basis of 8 EU countries (France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the
Netherlands, Poland and the United Kingdom), as well as Russia and
Ukraine, as countries who play a significant role in political and
economic processes in Europe.
European space in 2015, as well as factors that influenced the demand
for radicalism in society. Special attention was paid to how European
governments respond to modern challenges. Analysis is given on the
basis of 8 EU countries (France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the
Netherlands, Poland and the United Kingdom), as well as Russia and
Ukraine, as countries who play a significant role in political and
economic processes in Europe.
Research Interests:
This book frames several historical incidents of violent movement-countermovement conflicts within the concept of ‘cumulative extremism’— the mutually reinforcing dynamic of radicalisation that can develop between two or more antagonistic... more
This book frames several historical incidents of violent movement-countermovement conflicts within the concept of ‘cumulative extremism’— the mutually reinforcing dynamic of radicalisation that can develop between two or more antagonistic groups.
Drawing on several in-depth case studies, including the contests between British fascist and anti-fascist groups in the interwar period and from 1967 to 1979 and 1980 to 2000; the Troubles in Northern Ireland from the late 1960s to mid-1970s; and Islamist extremists and the far-right counter-jihad movement in Britain since 2009, this book presents the first in-depth academic analysis of the concept of ‘cumulative extremism’ and constructs a theoretical framework through which to assess its development.
Drawing on several in-depth case studies, including the contests between British fascist and anti-fascist groups in the interwar period and from 1967 to 1979 and 1980 to 2000; the Troubles in Northern Ireland from the late 1960s to mid-1970s; and Islamist extremists and the far-right counter-jihad movement in Britain since 2009, this book presents the first in-depth academic analysis of the concept of ‘cumulative extremism’ and constructs a theoretical framework through which to assess its development.
Research Interests:
The concept of cumulative extremism has become the focus of an increasing amount of work conducted by scholars, policy makers and journalists since it was first coined by Roger Eatwell in 2006. While our understanding of the concept has... more
The concept of cumulative extremism has become the focus of an increasing amount of work conducted by scholars, policy makers and journalists since it was first coined by Roger Eatwell in 2006. While our understanding of the concept has undoubtedly increased with these efforts, it has been widely acknowledged that more work is necessary to develop it into a robust tool for understanding the interactive dynamics between groups which can cause the escalation, non-escalation, or de-escalation of movement-countermovement contests.
To that end this chapter will conduct a sustained analysis of the interactions that occurred between anti-fascists and fascists in Britain during the 1980s and 1990s, playing close attention to the specific factors which led to the development of more or less radical protest repertoires among these groups.
To that end this chapter will conduct a sustained analysis of the interactions that occurred between anti-fascists and fascists in Britain during the 1980s and 1990s, playing close attention to the specific factors which led to the development of more or less radical protest repertoires among these groups.
Research Interests:
The threat that the far right poses to civil society changes across time and space. In Britain this threat has generally been in the form of hate-crimes and public disorder, yet in the past two decades there has been a shift towards... more
The threat that the far right poses to civil society changes across time and space. In Britain this threat has generally been in the form of hate-crimes and public disorder, yet in the past two decades there has been a shift towards solo-actor terrorism. By examining far right groups in the UK in the post-war period this paper explores the drivers of this change; namely, how membership in extremist groups combined with the proliferation of far right networks created by the internet can create a pathway to radicalisation which ends in acts of terror.
Research Interests:
Over the last 10 years, the concept of cumulative extremism (CE) has gained currency amongst both academics and policy-makers. Despite this, there is a dearth of empirical research into the idea. Furthermore, the extant literature – which... more
Over the last 10 years, the concept of cumulative extremism (CE) has gained currency amongst both academics and policy-makers. Despite this, there is a dearth of empirical research into the idea. Furthermore, the extant literature – which has focused primarily on conflicts between social movements and groups in England – has not drawn firm conclusions into how and why processes of CE might develop. This paper will address this gap in the literature by examining the Troubles in Northern Ireland from its onset in the 1960s through to its peak as a lethal M/CM contest in 1972. In so doing, it aims to both improve the understanding of CE as well suggesting policy measures which might be employed to interrupt the escalation of movement–countermovement conflicts.
Research Interests:
‘Challenging Youth Racism’ (CYR) is a Big Lottery funded project delivered by HumanKind (two project workers) in partnership with Teesside University (two researchers). The project was developed in response to concerns around high levels... more
‘Challenging Youth Racism’ (CYR) is a Big Lottery funded project
delivered by HumanKind (two project workers) in partnership
with Teesside University (two researchers). The project was
developed in response to concerns around high levels of prejudice
and discrimination and disproportionate levels of racially and
religiously motivated hate crime within North East England, an
area with a large White British population. CYR has delivered antiracism interventions to over 7,500 young people (aged 11-19)
across the region since July 2016. The bulk of our interventions
are our awareness raising workshops and our Racism Awareness
Project (RAP) which are run in a variety of educational and
community-based settings.
This report will highlight the effectiveness of CYR interventions delivered
to young people against its stated objectives, to: increase acceptance of
others, increase awareness on the impact of racism, and to encourage
young people to challenge/report racism. The CYR project has been
particularly effective in meeting its objectives, as can be seen in some key figures based on young people’s responses.
delivered by HumanKind (two project workers) in partnership
with Teesside University (two researchers). The project was
developed in response to concerns around high levels of prejudice
and discrimination and disproportionate levels of racially and
religiously motivated hate crime within North East England, an
area with a large White British population. CYR has delivered antiracism interventions to over 7,500 young people (aged 11-19)
across the region since July 2016. The bulk of our interventions
are our awareness raising workshops and our Racism Awareness
Project (RAP) which are run in a variety of educational and
community-based settings.
This report will highlight the effectiveness of CYR interventions delivered
to young people against its stated objectives, to: increase acceptance of
others, increase awareness on the impact of racism, and to encourage
young people to challenge/report racism. The CYR project has been
particularly effective in meeting its objectives, as can be seen in some key figures based on young people’s responses.
Research Interests:
The report on the right European radicalism answers a whole series of questions that are of concern today not only for researchers but also for politicians and common people: what is the social basis of modern right-wing radicalism, what... more
The report on the right European radicalism answers a whole series of questions that are of concern today not only for researchers but also for politicians and common people: what is the social basis of modern right-wing radicalism, what are the objective prerequisites and possible directions for its development, what underlies this ideology, what are the sources financing of right-wing radical organizations, and who are their leaders?
Research Interests:
The report analyzes factors that influenced the demand for radicalism in society, xenophobia and racism. It also discusses statistics on hate crimes. Special attention was paid to how European governments respond to modern challenges.... more
The report analyzes factors that influenced the demand for radicalism in society, xenophobia and racism. It also discusses statistics on hate crimes. Special attention was paid to how European governments respond to modern challenges. Analysis is given on the basis of 8 EU countries (France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland and the United Kingdom), as well as Russia and Ukraine, as countries who play a significant role in political and economic processes in Europe.
Research Interests:
The book analyses major manifestations of hatred in the European space in 2015, as well as factors that influenced the demand for radicalism in society. Special attention was paid to how European governments respond to modern challenges.... more
The book analyses major manifestations of hatred in the European space in 2015, as well as factors that influenced the demand for radicalism in society. Special attention was paid to how European governments respond to modern challenges. Analysis is given on the basis of 8 EU countries (France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland and the United Kingdom), as well as Russia and Ukraine, as countries who play a significant role in political and economic processes in Europe.