Nicola Nedev

In November 2002 the Severe acute respiratory syndrome induced by coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was first identified in China. It caused a global outbreak with 8,098 probable cases including 774 deaths [1]. World Health Organization (WHO) review comprehensive protocol for cleaning and disinfection of hospitals and other settings after the occupation of people with Severe acute respiratory syndrome [2]. In view of the above, the Legionella-X 100 Air Sterilizer using Photochemical Reaction [3] was developed to combat the Enveloped Viruses such as Coronavirus and Influenza Viruses. Legionella-X 100 Air Sterilizer will emit ultraviolet light which is absorbed by proteins, RNA and DNA in a given microorganism. Absorption of UV by proteins in membranes at high fluences (UV doses) ultimately leads to the disruption of the cell membrane destroying the protein coat and hence death of the cell. Legionella-X 100 that consists of a low-pressure dual-band lamp using a wavelength from 185 nm to 253.7 nm. This article covers the fundamentals of inactivation of viruses via Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI) (32) using the wavelength of 185nm to 253.7 nm

To enhance the operational readiness [1] of naval vessels of navies all over the world are
endeavoring to extend the oil change of their vessels so that the said vessels can be deployed in
the sea for operational use for a longer period of time.
The main purpose of this trial study is to determine the useful lifetime of the lubrication oil in the
Diesel engine fortified with Lupromax EA [2] oil additive.
During the trial period the chemical and physical analysis of used mineral crankcase oil fortified
with Lupromax EA was studied [3][4] to predict the condition of the lubricant and engine wear
components during continuous operation of up to 900 engine run hours instead of the normal
450 engine run hours. Currently, naval vessels will be recalled to naval bases for the change of
engine oil periodically. A trail had been carried out on board Corvette Naval Vessel [5] to extend
its oil change over a period of 2 years. This journal provides an analysis and evaluation of the
performance of Lupromax EA at a dosage of 2.5 % concentration with SPC-SDM 900 Engine Oil
after the 10th extended oil change of 900 engine run hours. The oil samples were drained at every
900th hour of engine run and sent to independent laboratory for testing over period of 2 years.
In total 10 exhaustive trials or 9000 engine run hours were carried out. The said Lupromax EA
dosage was added into four engines namely 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, and 6.2, All tests data such as Viscosity
Water content, TBN, Aluminium, Copper, Chromium, Iron, Lead, Tin and Silicon were recorded in
details and compiled by the personnel of the said Navy involved before it was sent to Magna
Think Tank Group at UABC for interpretation to ascertain whether the results were within the
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baseline, either above or below the baseline, for comments, and necessary recommendations. Lupromax EA is an organic based engine oil additive with assigned NATO Stock Number: 9150-32-078-8661[6]. It was used to prolong the duration of engine oil change so as to reduce downtime due to oil change. With the prolonged oil change, more Naval Ships are able to be deployed for operational use. This ultimately enhances the operational readiness of the Naval Ships.
Keywords
Operational Readiness, Extended Oil Change, Naval Vessels, Lupromax EA, Oil Additives.
Introduction
Changes in the oil property may affect its performance and hence, may lead to failure of the mechanical components. It is therefore, mandatory to have a periodic monitoring of the lubricant properties. The lubricant analysis is therefore, an essential tool in the industry for optimization of lubricant uses as well as condition monitoring of equipment.
For many years, lubricant inspection and testing has been used to help diagnose the internal condition of oil‐lubricated components of the engine and provide valuable information about lubricant serviceability [7]. The United States Naval Bureau of Weapons began a major research program to adopt wear metal analysis for use in aircraft component failure prediction. These studies formed the basis for a Joint Oil Analysis Program (JOAP) [8][9][10][11][12] involving all branches of the U.S. Armed Forces. The JOAP results proved conclusively that increases in component wear could be confirmed by detecting corresponding increases in the wear metal content of the lubricating oil. This journal covers the Purpose, Scope, Method, Assumptions, Findings, Interpretations, Trial Parameters and Baseline for Engine Oil after 900 of Engine Run Hours, Preparation and Analysis results of oil mixtures taken from engines 6.1, 6.2, 4.1,4.2, interpretation of readings/results and recommendations.

Harsh environmental conditions in tropical countries caused the deterioration of electrical and electronic equipment due to chemical attack on metallic wire terminals [1] and electrical contact points, resulting in the malfunctioning of controls and switchgear leading to electrical system downtime, some of the problems resulting from the corrosion of electrical contacts include unintended power disruption and failure to disconnect or connect, as well as intermittent connection due to deteriorated contact surfaces causing a huge loss to productivity of companies managing mass rapid transport globally. Overall, the corrosion of current carrying parts and switching, as well as controlling equipment, affects the reliability and uninterrupted operation of the mass rapid transport systems globally. Unless an anti-corrosion maintenance program is in place to protect said the equipment against corrosion, the frequency of disruption of mass rapid transport system will increase and affecting the operation efficiency. In the automated operational systems of MRT, any intermittent connection is unacceptable by commuters. Therefore, it is of paramount importance that operators of mass rapid transport globally need to analyze the risk of corrosion, whether it's from moisture or from corrosive reactive agents such as chloride and hydrogen sulfide H2S [2]. Besides, prescribing the right material specifications of electrical equipment, engineers need to apply sound judgment in protecting the metallic surfaces of electrical components, electronic, pneumatic, signaling, track circuits, and propulsion
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systems. It is impossible to detect some of the inherent design flaws of the mass rapid transport system until it has been operated for a period of time and full operating load. The complexity of problems ranging from signaling, power trip, railway sleepers, water seeping into tunnels and electrical systems encountered by mass rapid transport operators globally a is humongous. This journal focuses only on the types and causes of corrosion of electrical panels and electronics equipment, connectors, track circuit rail in the infrastructure of the mass rapid transport system and the solutions to overcome said problems.

A defining characteristic of a scientific article is its fixed format, which may at first seem confusing with its rigid structure, which is completely different from humanities-based writing. However, this format is a means of efficiently communicating findings to the broad scientific community in a uniform manner. [1] Scientists and researchers give talks, write proposals and communicate with a variety of audiences while educating others, and communicating effectively while giving complete and relevant information allows science to thrive. Science is increasingly interdisciplinary, and the ability to communicate more effectively across disciplines will foster collaboration and innovation. Being able to communicate the relevance and impact of an idea or discovery can enhance scientists' ability to secure funding or find a job. Apart from writing better and more comprehensibly, it also allows them to be better teachers and mentors for the next generation of scientists. According to the Cambridge Dictionary, communication is the exchange of information and the expression of feeling that results in understanding, [1] while the Oxford Dictionary defines communication as the imparting or exchange of information by speaking, writing, or via other mediums. [2] Effective communication is absolutely essential for both researchers and scientists because all too often, even the placement of a punctuation mark takes on a different meaning to a layperson. Effective Written Communication between two or more persons happens when the intended message is successfully delivered, received and understood. In other words, all parties assign similar meanings to the message and listen carefully to what has been said; making

The main objective of this article is to promote the compounding of VCI Masterbatch Polyethylene Resin by eliminating the formation of N-Nitrosamine, using nitrite free Vappro VBCI MBP 3000 masterbatch powder. Carcinogenic nitrosamines are formed from the reaction of Sodium Nitrite with Amines under acidic conditions (such as occurs in the human stomach). Nitrosamines form a large group of genotoxic chemical carcinogens which occur in the human diet and other environmental media, and can be formed endogenously in the human body. N-Nitroso compounds can induce cancer in experimental animals [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Cancer causing chemicals are widely used in the production of VCI Masterbatch Polyethylene Resins. Due to economy reason, Nitrites, heavy metals and its' derivatives are commonly used in the production of VCI Masterbatch resins. Nitrites and its derivatives can lead to the formation of potentially cancer-causing (carcinogenic) chemicals such as N-nitroso-compounds (NOC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. [1,2,3]. Among carcinogens, the N-nitroso compounds are the most broadly acting and among the most potent [7]. Magna International [8] together University of Baja California (UABC) [9,10] promotes the safe manufacturing process for production VCI Masterbatch Resins and the extrusion of VCI film with Vappro VBCI (vapor bio corrosion inhibitor) by using Nitrite free raw materials. Vappro VBCI MBP 3000 VCI masterbatch powder is specially developed as an additive for the production of masterbatch P.E. thermoplastic resin with a high load of pigment. It is also used as a corrosion inhibitor additive for making masterbatch resin for extruding into VCI Film. Polyethylene Film extruded with the color masterbatch resin

Normal Polyethylene (PE) Film, Shrink Film and Stretch Film are used widely for packaging for both domestic and industrial applications. They are extensively used in conjunction with anti-corrosion oils and anti-corrosion coatings for packaging different types of machinery, auto-parts, pumps, metallic components and etc against atmospheric corrosive elements and moisture. Hence, industrial solvents, cleaners and degreasers need to be employed to remove the said anti-corrosion products resulting in generation of industrial waste, costly waste-disposable, and emitting of unnecessary volatile organic compound (VOC). The current method used of PE Film with anti-corrosion oils and coatings is not an environmentally friendly approach as it increases carbon footprint. In view of Global warming, there is an urgent need to replace the current method of the usage of PE film for industrial packaging by eliminating the usage of anti-corrosion oils, coatings, industrial solvents, cleaners and degreasers. Hence, Vappro VBCI MBR 1000 Resin was developed to solve the said problems with the environment in mind. This article entails the details of the usage of Vappro VBCI MBR 1000, its formulation and dosages for extruding it into Vappro VBCI 826 PE Film, Vappro 826S Shrink Film, Vappro VBCI 825 Stretch Film, and the German Test Method TL 81305-002 used to evaluate the Vapor Inhibition Ability of the extruded films.

This journal focuses on the nine essential steps for
publication of technical article and research paper.
Writing a technical article or research paper is a
challenging endeavour for students, post graduates and
young researchers. Publishing your first technical article
or research paper requires observation on some essential
guidelines.
This article provides the nine fundamental guidelines for
tertiary students, post graduates and young researchers
for writing an effective technical article or research paper
for publication. This journal covers the quintessential
fundamentals including naming the objectives, title,
keywords, abstract, introduction, methods, results,
discussion, acknowledgement, and literature cited and
conclusion of the scientific or research article.

This journal spells out the essential criteria used in the augmentation of Vappro VBCI-Vapour Bio Based Inhibitor. The gas law, coefficient of diffusion (Correlation of Fuller-Schettler-Giddings (FSG) Fuller et al., 1966), and the principle of adsorption have been judiciously selected for the development of all Vappro VBCI Products. Discerning and implementing the said criteria are fundamentals in the development good VBCI Products. Contriving the vapour pressure of VBCI Products is of the paramount importance for the said development and is foundational for all VCI manufacturers to consider, as divergent of VCI carriers are used to accommodate each particular application due to the extensive utilization of VCI products.

Article History This article relates to the use of combination equations of mathematical physics derived from the gas law, the coefficient of diffusion (Correlation of Fuller-Schettler-Giddings (FSG) Fuller et al., 1966), and principle of adsorption for the development of Vappro VBCI (vapour bio corrosion inhibitor) products. Understanding and applying the gas law and coefficient of diffusion principle are essentials and foundational in the development good VBCI Products. Controlling the vapour pressure of VBCI Products is the state-of-the-art of VCI manufacturers as different VCI carriers are used to meet each unique application due to the wide applications of VCI products.

Metal-oxide-silicon structures containing layers with amorphous or crystalline silicon nanoparticles in a silicon oxide matrix are fabricated by sequential physical vapour deposition of SiOx (x = 1.15) and RF sputtering of SiO2 on n-type crystalline silicon, followed by high temperature annealing in an inert gas ambient. Depending on the annealing temperature, 700°C or 1000°C, amorphous or crystalline silicon nanoparticles are formed in the silicon oxide matrix. The annealing process is used not only for growing nanoparticles but also to form a dielectric layer with tunnelling thickness at the silicon/insulator interface. High frequency C-V measurements demonstrate that both types of structures can be charged negatively or positively by applying a positive or negative voltage on the gate. The structures with amorphous silicon nanoparticles show several important advantages compared to the nanocrystal ones, such as lower defect density at the interface between the crystalline silicon wafer and the tunnel silicon oxide, better retention characteristics and better reliability.

The purpose of the present study was to synthetize 80 nm diameter TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) on Ti6Al4V alloy using a commercially superoxidized water (SOW) enriched with fluoride to reduce anodization time and promote the antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The alloy discs were anodized for 5 min and as a result, NTs of approximately 80 nm diameters were obtained with similar morphology as reported in previous studies using longer anodization times (1-2 h). Filed emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterize the materials surfaces. The NTs showed significantly decreased S. aureus viability after 1, 3, and 5 days of culture in comparison to nonanodized alloy. Likewise, SEM analysis also suggested lower bacterial adhesion on the NTs surface. No differences in bacterial morphology and topography were observed on both materials, as analyzed by SEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In conclusion, 80 nm diameter NTs were grown on Ti6Al4V alloy in 5 min by using a SOW solution enriched with fluoride, which resulted in a material with promoted antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus for up to 5 days of in vitro culture when compared to nonanodized alloy.