Martomo Setyawan
Universitas ahmad dahlan, Teknik Kimia, Faculty Member
Research Interests:
Lipid extraction assisted by hydrodynamic cavitation (HCLE) is one of the promising processes with low energy requirements. This study aims to reduce the energy requirement using a discrete flow system and evaluate two models to calculate... more
Lipid extraction assisted by hydrodynamic cavitation (HCLE) is one of the promising processes with low energy requirements. This study aims to reduce the energy requirement using a discrete flow system and evaluate two models to calculate the volumetric mass transfer coefficient. The variations of the number of repetitions, cavitation number, microalgae concentration, and temperature have affected the energy requirement value. The first model uses total lipid mass transfer approximation (Model 1) and the second uses separated lipid mass transfer approximation (Model 2). Based on Model 1 the value of total volumetric mass transfer coefficient ( ) f were 1.166 x 10-2, 3.113 x 10-3 and 1.285 x 10-3 min-1 with coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.9797. Whereas, based on Model 2 the value of volumetric mass transfer coefficient from disrupted microalgae ( ) were 1.131 x 10-2, 2.925 x 10-3 and 1.260 x 10-3 min-1 and from the intact microalgae ( ) was 0.051, 0.030 and 0.011 1/min with R...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Pirolisis adalah proses pemanasan suatu zat tanpa adanya oksigen sehingga terjadi penguraian komponen-komponen penyusun kayu keras, maka akan terjadi reaksi penguraian dari senyawa-senyawa kompleks yang menyusun kayu keras dan... more
Pirolisis adalah proses pemanasan suatu zat tanpa adanya oksigen sehingga terjadi penguraian komponen-komponen penyusun kayu keras, maka akan terjadi reaksi penguraian dari senyawa-senyawa kompleks yang menyusun kayu keras dan menghasilkan zat dalam tiga bentuk yaitu padatan, cairan dan gas (Darmaji, P. 2000). Destilasi merupakan teknik pemisahan yang didasari atas perbedaan perbedaan titik didih dari masing-masing zat penyusun dari campuran homogen. Untuk keperluan destilasi maka dirancang destilator yang kapasitas dan dimensinya disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan, kemudian akan dipelajari kinerjanya. Alat pirolisis dan destilasi yang dirangkai dalam satu kesatuan alat dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui kinerja dan kualitas asap cair yang dihasilkan. Proses untuk menghasilkan asap cair dilakukan dengan dua cara tanpa redistilasi dan dengan redistilasi sekaligus dalam satu unit alat. Unit alat terdiri dari tangki pirolisis , 2 buah kondensor dan satu buah tangki destilasi. Tahap awal proses pir...
Microalgae is one of the oldest living organisms namely Thallophyta (plant lacking roots, stems, and leaves) that have chlorophyll as a pigment to mainly photosynthesis process. Microalgae as the water plant had some characteristics such... more
Microalgae is one of the oldest living organisms namely Thallophyta (plant lacking roots, stems, and leaves) that have chlorophyll as a pigment to mainly photosynthesis process. Microalgae as the water plant had some characteristics such as high carbohydrate, protein, and lipid content in which can be produced energy (liquid, solid, and gas) by using the pyrolysis process. The raw material in this experiment was used Spirulina platensis as the type of microalgae. The residue of Spirulina platensis was content acid, phenol, dan carbonyl in which this product liquid is potential as a food preservative. The experiment was performed by using the pyrolysis process which is equipped with a cooler (condenser) to condense the combustion vapor. Thermal decomposition was conducted in the pyrolysis reactor with a temperature of 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C under atmospheric condition. The result indicated that the pyrolysis proses had oil phase as the top result and water phase as the bo...
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G reen diesel merupakan salah satu solusi mengatasi kebutuhan bahan bakar diesel yang semakin meningkat, green diesel merupakan minyak diesel yang berasal dari hidrogenasi minyak nabati yang memiliki kualitas lebih baik dibandingkan... more
G reen diesel merupakan salah satu solusi mengatasi kebutuhan bahan bakar diesel yang semakin meningkat, green diesel merupakan minyak diesel yang berasal dari hidrogenasi minyak nabati yang memiliki kualitas lebih baik dibandingkan biodiesel dan ramah lingkungan. Proses hidrogenasi minyak nabati menjadi green diesel dirancang di reaktor yang beroperasi pada suhu 250 0 C dan tekanan 10 atm, untuk beroperasi pada suhu dan tekanan tersebut maka perlu diketahui karakter reaktor juga suhu pemanasnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan merancang reaktor hidrogenasi dan merancang pemanas reaktor juga uji temperatur pemanas.Pemanas listrik disambungkan dengan regulator tegangan, termokopel dipasang pada batu penahan panas tepat di atas elemen pemanas. Regulator diputar pada tegangan 100 volt, perubahan suhu dicatat tiap 5 menit, percobaan dihentikan apabila suhu sudah konstan , percobaan diulangi untuk tegangan 125,150,175,200 dan 225 volt. Percobaan diulang untuk mempelajari kara...
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Green diesel is diesel oil derived from hydrogenated vegetable oils that have better quality than biodiesel, which is in the form of an efficient produce process with no waste and producing les CO2 than petroleum diesel and biodiesl.... more
Green diesel is diesel oil derived from hydrogenated vegetable oils that have better quality than biodiesel, which is in the form of an efficient produce process with no waste and producing les CO2 than petroleum diesel and biodiesl. There green diesel is environmentally friendly. Kapok seed is one of the potential sources of raw materials that can be tan oil resource. Kapok seed produces the Green Diesel. Kpaok seed was produced form fruit that has some different characteristics form one tree to the other tree. Therefore, the characteristics of kapok seed must be known. The research was prepared to know the characterization of kapok seed oil by determining the water content, fatty acid, FFA (free Fatty acid) and quality of kapok seed oil. The quality og kapok seed oil was tested in the laboratory of Technology Oil Gas and Coal Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering University Of Gajah Mada. The result showed brown kapok seed oil. The analysis of kapok seed oil cont...
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Research Interests:
Biodiesel production from microalgae is one of the solution of the future energy problem, but its production cost is still high. One of the costly stages of this process is the lipid extraction process. It can be reduced by microalgae... more
Biodiesel production from microalgae is one of the solution of the future energy problem, but its production cost is still high. One of the costly stages of this process is the lipid extraction process. It can be reduced by microalgae cell disruption. One of the mechanical method to cell disruption with the lowest energy requirement is hydrodynamic cavitation. This aim of this study is to evaluate the distribution coefficient and the mass transfer coefficient value of lipid extraction of Nannochloropsis sp. assisted by hydrodynamic cavitation and compare with conventional extraction. The hydrodynamic cavitation extraction was done at 34 °C, 1 atm. The conventional extraction was done at 34 °C, 1 atm with stirring speed 260 and 1000 rpm. The experimental result shows that the distribution coefficient dependent on the temperature with the values for 50, 44, 38 and 34 °C were 0.502, 0.394, 0.349, and 0.314 respectively. And it was according to Van’ Hoff equation with the values of ΔH° ...
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Previous studies of biodiesel production from microalgae have concluded that microalgal biodiesel is not profitable at an industrial scale due to its excessive energy consumption for lipid extraction. Hydrodynamic cavitation lipid... more
Previous studies of biodiesel production from microalgae have concluded that microalgal biodiesel is not profitable at an industrial scale due to its excessive energy consumption for lipid extraction. Hydrodynamic cavitation lipid extraction is one of the extraction methods which has lower energy consumption. Thismethod enables a fast extraction rate and low energy consumption for cell disruption. In order to achieve optimum process conditions, several influential parameters, which are cavitation generator geometry and driving pressure, need to be scrutinized. The experimental result showed that the maximum yield was obtained at 5 bar driving pressure. The lowest specific extraction energy was obtained at 4.167 bar driving pressure while using one side concave cavitation generator geometry with the ratio of the reduced cross-sectional area of 0.39. The value of the energy extraction requirement 17.79 kJoule/g lipids is less than the biodiesel heating value, and the value of the volu...
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The poor degradability of plastics has led to huge plastics deposit in a landfill of which pyrolysis technology has been proposed to solve plastics waste problem. This paper reports the study on characteristics of two kinds of plastic... more
The poor degradability of plastics has led to huge plastics deposit in a landfill of which pyrolysis technology has been proposed to solve plastics waste problem. This paper reports the study on characteristics of two kinds of plastic wastes: selected packaging plastics and PVC. Characterizations have been performed for investigating water content, ash content, and decomposition temperature. The results revealed that the water content of packaging plastic waste was 0.69 ± 0.11%, while PVC was 1.22 ± 0.24%. The ash contents are 2.36 ± 1.03 % and 27.24±1.73 % for packaging plastics waste and PVC waste respectively. Plastic waste from packaging application and PVC waste decomposed at a temperature of 300-500°C and 200-800°C respectively. Decomposition of PVC waste took place in three stages: 200-370°C, 370-525°C and 600-800°C. It is recommended that the pyrolysis process should be conducted in the range of 300-500°C for packaging plastic waste and 200-800°C for PVC waste.
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Proses pembakaran tempurung kelapa menjadi salah satu sebab terjadinya polusi udara dan ancaman pemanasan global. Untuk mengurangi dampak ini diperlukan alat pengembun yang dapat bekerja secara maksimal. Maka perlu untuk mengetahui... more
Proses pembakaran tempurung kelapa menjadi salah satu sebab terjadinya polusi udara dan ancaman pemanasan global. Untuk mengurangi dampak ini diperlukan alat pengembun yang dapat bekerja secara maksimal. Maka perlu untuk mengetahui pengaruh luas transfer perpindahan panas kondensor terhadap asap yang diembunkan. Penelitian dimulai dengan mempersiapkan tempurung kelapa, merangkai alat, memasukkan tempurung kelapa kedalam tangki pembakaran sebanyak 10 kg serta mengisi tangki kondensor dengan air sampai penuh. Pembakaran awal melalui lobang bawah yang ada di tangki pirolisis . Pembakaran tempurung kelapa dengan luas trasfer perpindahan panas 408,2 cm2 mempunyai kemampuan mengembunkan sebanyak 19 %, untuk luas transfer perpindahan panas 2059,8 cm2 pengembunan 29 % dan untuk luas transfer perpindahan panasnya 4119,7 cm2 pengembunannya 35 %. Adapun ter yang terbentuk rata rata 2,67%, abu 5,83%, arang 22,67% dan komponen yang hilang 41,5% dengan suhu operasi efektif rata rata 275-300°C, wa...