El término constructivismo proviene del latín struere "arreglar" "dar estructura". Se emplea de manera reiterada como paradigma educativo. El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje constructivista no tiene una materialización unívoca porque se... more
El término constructivismo proviene del latín struere "arreglar" "dar estructura". Se emplea de manera reiterada como paradigma educativo. El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje constructivista no tiene una materialización unívoca porque se nutre de diversas aportaciones de diferentes campos del saber. El constructivismo hunde sus raíces en postulados filosóficos, psicológicos y pedagógicos, en muchos casos divergentes. No obstante, comparten la importancia de la actividad mental constructiva del alumno. La idea principal es que el aprendizaje humano se construye. La mente de las personas elabora nuevos significados a partir de la base de enseñanzas anteriores. Se pueden destacar tres modelos: la teoría evolutiva de Piaget, el enfoque socio-cultural de Vygostsky, y el aprendizaje significativo de Ausubel.
Background Initial experience with the laparoscopic repair of paraesophageal and type III mixed hiatal hernias showed that it is safe and feasible, with excellent immediate and short-term results. However, after a longer follow-up, a... more
Background Initial experience with the laparoscopic repair of paraesophageal and type III mixed hiatal hernias showed that it is safe and feasible, with excellent immediate and short-term results. However, after a longer follow-up, a recurrence rate of ≤40% has been demonstrated. Data related to the outcome of paraesophageal hernia repair and the recurrence rate are still lacking. Quality-of-life scores may offer a better means of assessing the impact of surgical treatment on the overall health status of patients. Therefore, we performed prospective evaluation of anatomic and/or symptomatic recurrences after paraesophageal or large hiatal hernia repair. In addition, we investigated the correlation between recurrence and the patient’s quality of life. Methods All patients after who had undergone repair of paraesophageal of mixed hiatal hernia were identified prospectively from a database consisting of all patients who had had laparoscopic operations for gastroesophageal pathology at our hospital between February 1998 and December 2002. The preoperative symptoms were taken from patients’ clinical files. In March 2003, all patients with ≥6 months of follow-up had a barium swallow and were examined for radiological and clinical signs of recurrence. Thereafter, the patients’ quality of life after surgery was evaluated using three standard questionnaires (Short Form 36 [SF-36], Glasgow Dyspepsia Severity Score [GDSS], and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index [GIQLI]. Result During the study period, 46 patients had been operated on. The mean age was 63 years (range, 28–93). Thirty seven of them had a follow-up of ≥6 months. Eight patients (21%) had postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms. Barium swallow was performed in 30 patients (81%) and showed a recurrence in six of them (20%). According to SF-36 and GDSS, the patients’ postoperative quality of life reached normal values and did not differ significantly from the standard values for the Spanish population of similar age and with similar comorbidities. Successfully operated patients reached a GIQLI value comparable to the standard population. However, symptomatic patients had significantly lower GIQLI scores than the asymptomatic or the Rx-recurrent group. Conclusion The laparoscopic treatment of large paraesophageal and mixed hiatal hernias is not only feasible and safe but also offers a good quality of life on a midterm basis. However, the anatomic and functional recurrence rate is high. The next step is to identify the subset of patients who are at risk of failure and to establish technical alternatives that would ensure the durability of the repair.
This paper presents the results of aerodynamical performance research focused on maintaining the thermal comfort and increasing the energy efficiency of a typical social housing unit located in a high-density urban area. Bioclimatic... more
This paper presents the results of aerodynamical performance research focused on maintaining the thermal comfort and increasing the energy efficiency of a typical social housing unit located in a high-density urban area. Bioclimatic design strategies are used to develop a sustainable and economic technology in existing housing clusters in Mexico City. A full-scale prototype, built on campus facilities, was used to study the flow conditions around the design. All scaled prototypes implement similar criterion. Furthermore, a scaled prototype is evaluated within a low speed wind tunnel installation. Additionally, numerical simulations were performed at transient state based on previous physical measurements and historical local climatic conditions to determine preferable modifications.
I heard about Doris Sommer two years ago while I was assisting the Mexican artist Pedro Reyes in his retrospective exhibition celebrated at the Carpenter Center and organized by the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies at... more
I heard about Doris Sommer two years ago while I was assisting the Mexican artist Pedro Reyes in his retrospective exhibition celebrated at the Carpenter Center and organized by the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies at Harvard University. Sommer is the professor of Latin American literature at the University and directs the Cultural Agents initiative. She also edited a very inspirational book called Cultural Agency in the Americas that I always recommend and follow almost religiously. I am part of the organizing team of the symposium “Primus Pilus” that will take place on the 12th of June, the symposium is an exploration of the new responsibility of the designers by analyzing some cases of study and having discussions with active designers in the field. While we were discussing about inspirational cases I did not doubt to talk about Antanas Mockus, the most spectacular cultural agent of our days. While I was working in the way that we want to present his case I was lucky enough to find a beautifully written article by Doris Sommer about the subject. On the following lines you will be able to find some of her phrases, quotes that she used and citations that I thought, would complete the reading.
The beauty of the chaos in Mexico City is that anything can happen. The lack of regulations and the oligarchy of the government might be frustrating sometimes, however in a few special occasions is the perfect space for unique ideas to... more
The beauty of the chaos in Mexico City is that anything can happen. The lack of regulations and the oligarchy of the government might be frustrating sometimes, however in a few special occasions is the perfect space for unique ideas to become real. Is quite likely that Mexico City would never have a regulation on graffiti making as the zero tolerance nowadays in Helsinki, therefore prohibition is not the answer for a mega city, it is otherwise orientation. City governments in this century should see the possibilities that cultural agency can bring, and one outstanding possibility for cultural agency is the PUBLIC SPACE artistic production.
The responsibility of the members of the society is to understand the moment, to organise themselves and to live democracy, and ultimately to dream, to bring utopias into the political context. The focus of this paper will be on creative... more
The responsibility of the members of the society is to understand the moment, to organise themselves and to live democracy, and ultimately to dream, to bring utopias into the political context. The focus of this paper will be on creative acts towards political circumstances. Marcel Duchamp said that the creative act is not performed by the artist alone; the speculator brings the work in contact with the external world by deciphering and interpreting its inner qualifications and thus add his contribution to the creative act.’
La presente investigación trata sobre el diseño especulativo y sus aplicaciones para detonar el cambio significativo en grandes urbes como la Ciudad de México, la cual cuenta hoy en día en una serie de nuevas políticas de movilidad y... more
La presente investigación trata sobre el diseño especulativo y sus aplicaciones para detonar el cambio significativo en grandes urbes como la Ciudad de México, la cual cuenta hoy en día en una serie de nuevas políticas de movilidad y esfuerzos para la reducción de contaminantes. Retomando a diferentes autores, se realiza un ejercicio abierto de especulación sobre la ciudad al que se invitan alumnos de diseño a trabajar y desarrollar más a fondo el tema, esto con el fin no solo de comprobar si la especulación genera un cambio sino demostrar cómo se puede incluir en la educación del diseño. This article focuses on research about speculative design and its practical application to detonate the meaningful change in big cities. In specific, Mexico City, which is nowadays surrounded by new mobility policies and efforts to reduce pollution. By considering the ideas of different authors, an open exercise of speculation about the city is proposed. A group of design students from the university were invited to participate and develop further the subject. This, not only with the purpose of trying out whether if the speculation can ignite change, but also to demonstrate how could it be used in design education. El diseño especulativo muestra hoy en día una nueva rama de exploración en el diseño. Se mapea y consagra en el Royal College of Art (RCA) en Londres bajo la investigación
Design is real, is working with people’s life. It’s emotional. The more design culture is embedded in an organization the more they focus in the experience of the user. Designers start to realize that by designing a strategy they are... more
Design is real, is working with people’s life. It’s emotional. The more design culture is embedded in an organization the more they focus in the experience of the user. Designers start to realize that by designing a strategy they are going to affect the way that people perceive the world. Design matters because it has real impact in the way that people manages their everyday life. The way that you experience a process, a service, paying some bills or going for some analysis in the lab, are things that occupy a lot of mind space in people. Is frustrating when the product does not work as it is supposed to. It is frustrating when I cannot arrive to the solution of my concerns in a service process. This frustration is not only staying in the moment when it happens, it becomes sometimes a painful experience that brands us, leaves some scar and makes us frightened to try it again. When the service is great it empowers us to become better, it generates culture, it solves the problems, and in some special cases it could raise the level of consciousness of humankind.
El diseño abierto es definido por Paul Atkinson como la creación colaborativa de artefactos generada por un grupo diverso de individuos no necesariamente relacionados. Para John Thakara, la “apertura” del diseño va más allá de aspectos... more
El diseño abierto es definido por Paul Atkinson como la creación colaborativa de artefactos generada por un grupo diverso de individuos no necesariamente relacionados. Para John Thakara, la “apertura” del diseño va más allá de aspectos culturales o comerciales, está relacionada con la supervivencia. El diseño abierto promueve la capacidad contemporánea sin precedentes de compartir el conocimiento entre profesionales y amateurs, explorando los límites de la disciplina. El presente documento pretende reunir diferentes visiones sobre el tema así como establecer los antecedentes que han llevado a cabo los movimientos de las dos revoluciones industriales y que podrían llegar a ser precedentes de una presumible tercera revolución industrial. El propósito será definir el pensamiento detrás del diseño abierto para proceder a un análisis sistémico, en donde sea sencillo encontrar patrones de comportamiento y de estructura de los proyectos, tanto profesionales como educativos, para determinar una ruta sobre las mejores estrategias de gestión en ésta práctica. La propuesta sobre la gestión, nace de una comparativa de una selección de modelos que tienen el criterio de centrar su proceso creativo en el usuario y su contexto, así como un análisis e interpretación del modelo general del proceso de diseño de la UAM Azcapotzalco, proponiendo un método que retome las fortalezas de los demás y pueda acompañar al gestor durante los pasos de desarrollo del diseño abierto. El presente documento habla sobre la urgencia de cuestionar los modelos educativos frente a las demandas contemporáneas en el campo del diseño. La necesidad de ahondar en los modelos y estrategias para la colaboración y participación. Todo con el fin de dotar al diseñador de un conjunto de herramientas para gestionar de forma estratégica los desarrollos de diseño abierto.
La propuesta para la ponencia consiste en realizar un trabajo que busca elevar el ejercicio del diseño a un acto consciente que contribuye a la mejora personal, social y planetaria. Esto se logrará por medio de prácticas de diseño... more
La propuesta para la ponencia consiste en realizar un trabajo que busca elevar el ejercicio del diseño a un acto consciente que contribuye a la mejora personal, social y planetaria. Esto se logrará por medio de prácticas de diseño estratégico y desarrollo creativo trascendental que promueven la expansión de conciencia, estados de flow, concentración por medio de la meditación, empatía con métodos etnográficos, planeación de escenarios futuros, entre otros. Los diseñadores Maria del Carmen Sierra y Sergio Dávila trabajamos en colaboración para el diseño e implementación de este proyecto. Partimos de la convicción de que es fundamental preparar a profesionales en el campo del diseño con un entendimiento holístico y despertar la responsabilidad cívica que tienen como diseñadores: el auto-definirse como un ser creativo que contribuye al cambio. Buscamos una educación que desarrolle en los alumnos su elasticidad mental, empatía y sensibilidad a los retos actuales, y que a su vez les brinde las herramientas para que sean capaces de responder con soluciones sostenibles, integrales y creativas a nivel local y con una amplia perspectiva global. Estamos convencidos que las prácticas creativas son excelentes herramientas para generar bienestar, para liderar el cambio, para construir un futuro próspero para todos. Queremos que el diseño sea una práctica orientada a la generación de conciencia y transformación.
Keywords Strategic Design, Spiral Dynamics, Awareness, Forecasting. Wouldn't it be easier that we all agree on the perspective to tackle contemporary problems? That we have clear vision on a future and based on it we choose our stand when... more
Keywords Strategic Design, Spiral Dynamics, Awareness, Forecasting. Wouldn't it be easier that we all agree on the perspective to tackle contemporary problems? That we have clear vision on a future and based on it we choose our stand when confronted by choosing a mindset or reacting to a situation. If for instance, a caravan of thousands of migrants arrives to our country: what is the best perspective? What is the future that we want to create? What is the way of acting with full integrity? And more important, what are the values that guides us? Why are so many people choosing to become vegetarian, buying solar cells for their homes or rain collectors, choosing to use their bicycle over their car? Is it just a trend? Is the level of consciousness really rising in the society? Designers are taking a stand and working actively for proposing ideas into the wicked problems and driving social innovation. As a guild, there should be agreements and a shared heterogenic vision.
A War Room strategy is helpful trough the different phases in the evolution & improvement of a Smart City specially because of the constant change of dynamics that can happen with all the projects and solutions involved inside this urban... more
A War Room strategy is helpful trough the different phases in the evolution & improvement of a Smart City specially because of the constant change of dynamics that can happen with all the projects and solutions involved inside this urban space, in this document we will be taking a look at the War Room as a centralized operations room, where the Lead strategies are conceived.
Designing for people, their environment and their situation also means changing the approach towards human beings, their experiences and their context. It is necessary to go from a change in unconscious development, that is, only due to... more
Designing for people, their environment and their situation also means changing the approach towards human beings, their experiences and their context. It is necessary to go from a change in unconscious development, that is, only due to increased productivity, to conscious considering the cycles of the elements and their impact in the future. Design careers likewise have undergone a shift in focus from object to subject. The problems’ complexity gives designers more possibilities of development, but the limits of the discipline are more blurred. This work explores the link between design education and distributed economy based on the concepts proposed by Ezio Manzini, Brown's emerging theory, and Diamandis' exponential thinking. Because of that, several design exercises and experiences are reviewed. The intention is to achieve a better understanding of how these concepts contribute to projecting more strategic design solutions ad hoc for new development models such as distri...
Este trabajo presenta una experiencia exploratoria orientada a dimensionar la noción de biodiseño para fortalecer la formación de futuros diseñadores industriales y generar bases metodológicas para diseñar con la biotecnología. En la... more
Este trabajo presenta una experiencia exploratoria orientada a dimensionar la noción de biodiseño para fortalecer la formación de futuros diseñadores industriales y generar bases metodológicas para diseñar con la biotecnología. En la academia escuchamos frecuentemente los conceptos de biodiseño y biónica para señalar la aplicación de principios biológicos en un proyecto. Incluso, dentro de la currícula de diversas licenciaturas en diseño industrial se puede identificar algún curso para abordar esta temática. No obstante, poco se discute sobre la biotecnología y sus implicaciones con el biodiseño en lo particular y con el diseño en un escenario más general. En este contexto surge la pregunta ¿Qué noción de biodiseño es la que debe permear en la actualidad? Para responder, se ejecutó una investigación teórica, así como un trabajo metodológico, que permite explorar la relación biotecnología y diseño, a través de un marco de referencia teórico y del desarrollo de varios proyectos de fin...
This article presents an exploratory experience aimed at dimensioning the notion of biodesign to strengthen the training of future industrial designers and generate methodological bases to design with biotechnology. We frequently hear the... more
This article presents an exploratory experience aimed at dimensioning the notion of biodesign to strengthen the training of future industrial designers and generate methodological bases to design with biotechnology. We frequently hear the concepts of biodesign and bionics to indicate the application of biological principles in a project. Some courses could address this issue even within the curricula of various degrees in industrial design. However, more should be discussed about biotechnology and its implications, with biodesign in particular and design in a more general scenario. In this context, the following question arises: What notion of biodesign is the one that should permeate today? A theoretical investigation was executed, as well as a methodological approach, which explores the relationship between biotechnology and design through a theoretical framework and the development of several end-of-career projects by industrial design students. The results obtained exemplify an alternative perspective to the exercise of biodesign, which is not necessarily simplified to the application of a biomaterial or the rescue of organic waste, but, on the contrary, can represent the proposal of a new sociotechnical system that impacts the user, the community or even society as a whole.
79 páginas.La publicación que aquí se presenta es el resultado del seminario “Nuevas visiones sobre la educación del diseño desde la perspectiva del espíritu de nuestra época”, que se llevó a cabo en las instalaciones de la UAM... more
79 páginas.La publicación que aquí se presenta es el resultado del seminario “Nuevas visiones sobre la educación del diseño desde la perspectiva del espíritu de nuestra época”, que se llevó a cabo en las instalaciones de la UAM Azcapotzalco los días 4, 5 y 6 de septiembre de 2017, como parte de las actividades académicas del Grupo Educación y Diseño, del Departamento de Evaluación del Diseño en el Tiempo. Se presentan los avances de investigación en relación a la educación y el diseño, del Grupo de Investigación antes citado. Dichas ponencias, que se presentan en esta publicación electrónica, reflejan diferentes posiciones sobre este tema, en una época que demanda nuevas visiones y propuestas, y a las que, a través de una investigación seria y rigurosa, esperamos que nuestro grupo irá colaborando en la creación de ese nuevo conocimiento.Autores: Marie J. Myers, Sergio Dávila Urrutia, Bela Gold Kohan, Miguel Hirata Kitahara, Luis Soto Walls, Iarene A. Tovar Romero; editores: Miguel H...
