Jaime R. Torres R
Universidad Central de Venezuela, Medicina Tropical, Faculty Member
ABSTRACT Introduction The 1st Regional Experts on Infant Vaccination (REIV) meeting generated updated consensus recommendations to improve the control of various major vaccine preventable diseases (VPD) in Latin America. Areas covered... more
ABSTRACT Introduction The 1st Regional Experts on Infant Vaccination (REIV) meeting generated updated consensus recommendations to improve the control of various major vaccine preventable diseases (VPD) in Latin America. Areas covered Workshops highlighted recent changes in immunization schedules within the region, experience of countries incorporating combined acellular pertussis vaccines schedules and parenteral inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). The need to definitively replace oral polio vaccine (OPV) by IPV, and potential benefits of introducing new combined vaccines, were extensively discussed. Expert opinion REIV strongly advised immediate adoption of either complete IPV schedules for all Latin America or schedules including at least two initial doses of IPV. Use of fractional doses of intradermally administered IPV (fIPV ID) was not recommended due to lower immunogenicity, lack of evidence on long-term protection, and technical difficulty to implement. Routine pertussis vaccination of pregnant women in addition to health workers of neonatology units and any previously unimmunized parent was encouraged. Administration of HBV vaccine to newborns within the first 24 hours of life, and then at 2, 4, and 6 months, and of a booster dose of conjugate Hib vaccine at age 12 through 15 months, was also recommended. Incorporation of combined vaccines (CV) was considered potentially advantageous.
Research Interests:
A la periferia de los eritrociios infeciados con los anillos (trofozoitos) de Plasmodium falciparum se asocia un prominente antigeno parasitario (RESA), una proteina de 155 kDa (Pfl55) procedente de los granulos densos de los merozoitos.... more
A la periferia de los eritrociios infeciados con los anillos (trofozoitos) de Plasmodium falciparum se asocia un prominente antigeno parasitario (RESA), una proteina de 155 kDa (Pfl55) procedente de los granulos densos de los merozoitos. Segun investigaciones realizadas en regiones paludicas de Africa, los anticuerpos contra RESA intervienen en la reduccion de la parasitemia y de la morbilidad Por lo tanto, se ha promovido la inclusion de RESA en una vacuna contra los estadios eritrociticos de P falciparum. Investigamos los anticuerpos IgGaRE5Aen las muestras plasmaticas de dos cohortes, A y CI, de adultos infectados con P. falciparum en el sur-este de Venezuela La cohorte A, individuos cimnicamente agudos, mineros de transito en las minas auriferas del estado Bolivar y la CI, Amerindios residentes en zonas de alta transmision del estado Amazonas. asintomaticos. mas portadores de infecciones submicroscopicas (cripticas ??? ) (subpatentes ? ??) identificadas por diagnostico molecula...
Research Interests:
Usefulness of mass screening of arriving travelers at airports through rapid antigenic tests to reduce importation of SARS-Cov-2 into low incidence settings remains unproven. Recent successful Olympic experience indicates the need for... more
Usefulness of mass screening of arriving travelers at airports through rapid antigenic tests to reduce importation of SARS-Cov-2 into low incidence settings remains unproven. Recent successful Olympic experience indicates the need for additional strategies, including supervised quarantines, frequent retesting and close follow up of positive individuals to achieve this goal.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Dengue Fever is a neglected increasing public health thread. Developing countries are facing surveillance system problems like delay and data loss. Lately, the access and the availability of health-related information on the internet have... more
Dengue Fever is a neglected increasing public health thread. Developing countries are facing surveillance system problems like delay and data loss. Lately, the access and the availability of health-related information on the internet have changed what people seek on the web. In 2004 Google developed Google Dengue Trends (GDT) based on the number of search terms related with the disease in a determined time and place. The goal of this review is to evaluate the accuracy of GDT in comparison with traditional surveillance systems in Venezuela. Weekly epidemic data from GDT, Official Reported Cases (ORC) and Expected Cases (EC) according the Ministry of Health (MH) was obtained Monthly and yearly correlation between GDT and ORC from 2004 until 2014 was obtained. Linear regressions taking the reported cases as dependent variable were calculated. The overall Pearson correlation between GDT and ORC was r=0.87 (p <0.001), while between ORC and EC according the Ministry of Health (MH) was ...
Research Interests:
Two old drugs are the only choice against Trypanosoma cruzi and little is known about their secondary effects in the acute stage of oral-transmitted Chagas disease (ChD). A cross-sectional analytical surveillance study was conducted in a... more
Two old drugs are the only choice against Trypanosoma cruzi and little is known about their secondary effects in the acute stage of oral-transmitted Chagas disease (ChD). A cross-sectional analytical surveillance study was conducted in a sizable cohort of patients seen during the largest acute foodborne ChD microepidemic registered so far. Individuals were treated with benznidazole (BNZ) or nifurtimox (NFX). "Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events" was assessed to categorize side effects according to severity. Out of 176 treatments applied, 79% had one or more adverse effects, which predominated in adults (97.8%) as compared to children (75.5%). Risk of side effects with NFX was significantly higher than BNZ. Four adults and a child treated with NFX had severe side effects (pulmonary infarction, facial paralysis, neutropenia, blurred vision, bone marrow hypoplasia) warranting hospitalization, and drug suspension. Adverse effects frequently reported with NFX were ab...
Research Interests:
Se analiza brevemente la situación de la malaria en el país, constatándose que los Estados Sucre, Bolívar y Amazonas originan más del 90% de los casos reportados anualmente, llamando la atención que el Edo. Sucre sobrepasa al Edo. Bolívar... more
Se analiza brevemente la situación de la malaria en el país, constatándose que los Estados Sucre, Bolívar y Amazonas originan más del 90% de los casos reportados anualmente, llamando la atención que el Edo. Sucre sobrepasa al Edo. Bolívar en número de casos. Se suman al reporte de casos en los dos últimos años, algunos Estados como Miranda, Mérida y Guárico, lo que obliga a mantener una actualización permanente de las áreas geográficas en las cuales ocurre transmisión activa de la enfermedad. La fórmula parasitaria del país continúa siendo a predominio marcado de Plasmodium vivax (>80%). Los casos de malaria por P. falciparum están restringidos a los Edos. Bolívar y Amazonas. El P. malariae es solo observado actualmente en forma ocasional en poblaciones amerindias aisladas del Edo. Amazonas. Existen pequeños focos re-emergentes de transmisión ocasional en el área erradicada. El viajero expuesto al riesgo de infección malárica en Venezuela es típicamente un adulto joven (15-35 año...
Efetuaram os autores, em hospital previdenciário da cidade de São Pauto, estudo destinado a avaliar, quantitativamente, a ocorrência de transmissão congênita da doença de Chagas. Quatrocentas e noventa e duas mulheres grávidas foram... more
Efetuaram os autores, em hospital previdenciário da cidade de São Pauto, estudo destinado a avaliar, quantitativamente, a ocorrência de transmissão congênita da doença de Chagas. Quatrocentas e noventa e duas mulheres grávidas foram inquiridas sobre a possibilidade de terem, anteriormente, adquirido essa parasitose e, a propósito, ficou apurado que 22 poderiam, com base em dados de diversas ordens, estar infectadas pelo Trypanosoma cruzi Quanto a essas pessoas selecionadas, por ocasião do parto houve coleta de sangue do cordão umbilical, permitindo execução de provas soro lógicas para diagnóstico da protozoose em questão e, fundamentalmente, de pesquisa de anticorpos IgM antitripanossoma por imunofluorescência. Em cinco oportunidades esses testes resultaram positivos, mas nunca houve detecção dos anticorpos do tipo mencionado, demarcando a inexistência, no grupo considerado, de passagens transplancetárias do microorganismo em tela. A investigação levada a efeito não evidenciou, port...
Research Interests:
Dengue, an important mosquito-borne virus transmitted mainly byAedes aegypti, is a major public health issue in Latin America and the Caribbean. National epidemiological surveillance systems, usually based on passive detection of... more
Dengue, an important mosquito-borne virus transmitted mainly byAedes aegypti, is a major public health issue in Latin America and the Caribbean. National epidemiological surveillance systems, usually based on passive detection of symptomatic cases, while underestimating the true burden of dengue disease, can provide valuable insight into disease trends and excess reporting and potential outbreaks. We carried out a systematic review of the literature to characterize the recent epidemiology of dengue disease in Latin America and the English-speaking and Hispanic Caribbean Islands. We identified 530 articles, 60 of which met criteria for inclusion. In general, dengue seropositivity across the region was high and increased with age. All four virus serotypes were reported to circulate in the region. These observations varied considerably between and within countries and over time, potentially due to climatic factors (temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity) and their effect on mosqu...
Research Interests:
Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are a major concern to healthcare systems around the world. They are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, in addition to increased hospitalization costs. Recent outbreaks including MERS... more
Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are a major concern to healthcare systems around the world. They are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, in addition to increased hospitalization costs. Recent outbreaks including MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) coronavirus and Ebola have highlighted the importance of infection control. Further, HAIs especially with multi-drug resistant gram negative rods (MDRO-GNRs) have become a top global priority. Though adequate approaches and guidelines have been in existence for many years and have sometimes proven effective in some countries, the implementation of such approaches in low and middle income countries (LMICs) is often restricted due to limited resources and underdeveloped infrastructure. While evidence based infection control principles and practices are universal, studies are needed to evaluate simplified approaches that can be better adapted to LMIC needs, in order to practically guide IPC practices. A group of exper...
Research Interests:
During the years 2014 and 2015, the Region of the Americas underwent a devastating epidemic of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) of the Asian genotype, resulting in millions of affected individuals. However, epidemiological and clinical... more
During the years 2014 and 2015, the Region of the Americas underwent a devastating epidemic of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) of the Asian genotype, resulting in millions of affected individuals. However, epidemiological and clinical information on this experience is scarce. Prior knowledge of congenital and neonatal illness caused by CHIKV is limited and almost exclusively based on data obtained from a single outbreak of the East/Central/South African (ECSA) genotype. The effect of chikungunya fever (CHIKF) on pregnancy outcomes and its consequences for infants born to infected mothers at the peak of the epidemic wave in Latin America are reviewed herein. Epidemiological and clinical data on maternal and neonatal infections were collected prospectively and analyzed. One hundred sixty-nine symptomatic newborns with CHIKF seen at four large regional maternity hospitals in three different Central and South American countries were evaluated prospectively. The outcomes of pregnancies in symp...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Se revisa las características clínicas y epidemiológicas peculiares del dengue en el continente americano. Los diversos factores involucrados en la ocurrencia y extensión de la enfermedad en la región, al igual que el impacto económico y... more
Se revisa las características clínicas y epidemiológicas peculiares del dengue en el continente americano. Los diversos factores involucrados en la ocurrencia y extensión de la enfermedad en la región, al igual que el impacto económico y de salud de dicha patología, son también discutidos en extenso
Research Interests:
... Una extensa epidemia de histoplasmosis pulmonar aguda fue documentada entre un grupo de estudiantes de bachillerato quienes en forma simultánea visitaron, en el mes de marzo del 2000, dos cámaras de la Cueva ¿Alfredo Jahn¿ (Estado... more
... Una extensa epidemia de histoplasmosis pulmonar aguda fue documentada entre un grupo de estudiantes de bachillerato quienes en forma simultánea visitaron, en el mes de marzo del 2000, dos cámaras de la Cueva ¿Alfredo Jahn¿ (Estado Miranda), la cual constituye una ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Ten cases of salmonellal splenic abscesses recently documented in various Latin American countries are discussed. All patients were adults; the mean age was 32.6 years, and there was a predominance of males (seven). Predisposing... more
Ten cases of salmonellal splenic abscesses recently documented in various Latin American countries are discussed. All patients were adults; the mean age was 32.6 years, and there was a predominance of males (seven). Predisposing conditions were identified in four cases. All 10 cases were documented by diagnostic imaging techniques; in one case, exploratory diagnostic laparotomy was also performed. Splenectomy was performed on eight patients, while two other patients responded to long courses of intravenous antimicrobial therapy alone. One patient died as the result of perioperative splenic rupture, and two patients underwent second laparotomies because of left subphrenic abscesses. Except for one human immunodeficiency virus-infected individual, all patients were immunocompetent and had large solitary lesions. Salmonella typhi was the predominant organism isolated and was recovered in six of the 10 cases.
Research Interests:
Page 1. After adequate therapeutic trials with acyclovir, dapsone, and cyclophosphamide failed to control her disease, cyclosporine ther¬ apy was initiated at a dose of 10 mg/kg per day. Within a week&amp;amp;#x27;s time her skin... more
Page 1. After adequate therapeutic trials with acyclovir, dapsone, and cyclophosphamide failed to control her disease, cyclosporine ther¬ apy was initiated at a dose of 10 mg/kg per day. Within a week&amp;amp;#x27;s time her skin lesions began to resolve. ...
Research Interests: Treatment, Medicine, Humans, Child, Female, and 9 moreMale, Follow-up studies, Skin, Albendazole, Clinical Sciences, Middle Aged, Adult, Helminths, and Child preschool
A cluster of 16 cases of hyper-reactive malarious splenomegaly (HMS) with severe, acute haemolysis, from an isolated, Venezuelan, Yanomami population, was prospectively investigated. Nine (69%) of the 13 HMS sera investigated but only one... more
A cluster of 16 cases of hyper-reactive malarious splenomegaly (HMS) with severe, acute haemolysis, from an isolated, Venezuelan, Yanomami population, was prospectively investigated. Nine (69%) of the 13 HMS sera investigated but only one (7%) of 14 control sera (P &lt; 0.005) contained elevated titres (of at least 1:32) of complement-fixing IgM cold agglutinins (CA). The CA detected had specificity for both the I and i blood-group antigens (with a relative predominance of anti-I) and wide thermal stability. The mean reciprocal CA titre was much higher for the HMS sera than for the control samples (59.16 v. 2.28; P &lt; 0.001). Indirect tests for antiglobulin were positive for two of the 13 HMS cases (but none of 14 controls) investigated; all of the direct tests for antiglobulin gave negative results. The seven HMS cases checked, using an assay based on a nested PCR which amplified species-specific ribosomal sequences from Plasmodium vivax or P. falciparum, each yielded the PCR product that indicated P. vivax infection. However, only six (25%) of the 24 control samples (collected, at the same time as the HMS samples, from asymptomatic adults from the same Yanomami population) were PCR-positive (P &lt; 0.001). In some cases at least, the acute severe episodes of haemolysis occasionally seen in HMS appear to be associated with an auto-immune, cold-agglutinin-mediated response triggered by non-patent parasitaemias.
Research Interests: Medical Microbiology, Malaria, Disease Outbreaks, Prospective studies, Humans, and 14 moreSouth American Indians, Animals, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Cluster Analysis, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Splenomegaly, Clinical Sciences, Adult, Public health systems and services research, Plasmodium falciparum, Agglutinins, Autoantibodies, Plasmodium Vivax, and Hemolysis
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Two brothers with congenitally-acquired Chagas&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; disease (CD) diagnosed during adulthood are reported. The patients were born in the USA to a mother from Bolivia who on subsequent assessment was found to be... more
Two brothers with congenitally-acquired Chagas&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; disease (CD) diagnosed during adulthood are reported. The patients were born in the USA to a mother from Bolivia who on subsequent assessment was found to be serologically positive for Trypanosoma cruzi. Serologic screening of all pregnant women who migrated from countries with endemic CD is strongly recommended.
Three adult Venezuelan patients with virologically confirmed Chikungunya fever, who developed extensive acute nasal skin necrosis early in the course of a life-threatening illness characterized by shock and multiple organ dysfunction... more
Three adult Venezuelan patients with virologically confirmed Chikungunya fever, who developed extensive acute nasal skin necrosis early in the course of a life-threatening illness characterized by shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, are discussed. One patient survived and fully recovered. Nasal necrosis has not previously been associated with the disease.
Research Interests:
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has evolved from a sporadic infection to a major public health problem in the Americas, Southeast Asia and the western Pacific, and Africa [ 1- 4]. Its incidence has increased 30-fold over the... more
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has evolved from a sporadic infection to a major public health problem in the Americas, Southeast Asia and the western Pacific, and Africa [ 1- 4]. Its incidence has increased 30-fold over the past 50 years, and although the true disease burden is not well known, the annual incidence in some areas of the Americas may reach 5%-10% of all children when underreporting is considered [ 1]. We recently analyzed the disease burden of dengue in Venezuela, and we found an overall decline in case numbers and mortality over the period of 1950-2011 [ 5]. However, there were increases in case number and mortality during epidemic years, especially among children [ 5]. In this report, we focus on the most recent period of data, from 2000 to 2011, comparing pediatric and adult case numbers and mortality.
Research Interests:
Using a Steers replicator technique the in vitro sensitivities of 32 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium marinum to doxycycline and minocycline were tested. Of 32 strains, sensitivity to doxycycline ranged from 3 strains (9%) with a drug... more
Using a Steers replicator technique the in vitro sensitivities of 32 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium marinum to doxycycline and minocycline were tested. Of 32 strains, sensitivity to doxycycline ranged from 3 strains (9%) with a drug concentration of 2 microgram/ml to 11 strains (34%) at a concentration of 6 microgram/ml. Sensitivity to minocycline ranged from 2 strains (6%) at the 2microgram/ml concentration to 23 strains (72%) at the 8 microgram/ml concentration. Our data suggest that a significant percentage of M. marinum strains are sensitive to therapeutically achievable levels of doxycycline and minocycline. These drugs may prove clinically useful in treating infections caused by sensitive strains of M. marinum.
Research Interests:
Page 1. Correspondence 475 Hospital acquired wound infections are most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli; streptococci, Haemo-phalus influenzas, pneumococci and Neisseria spp. usually colonize the normal... more
Page 1. Correspondence 475 Hospital acquired wound infections are most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli; streptococci, Haemo-phalus influenzas, pneumococci and Neisseria spp. usually colonize the normal respiratory tract. ...
Research Interests:
In a natural focus of paragonimiasis in the northeastern region of Venezuela, 130 people were clinically, parasitologically and immunologically evaluated. A specific intradermal test was positive in 13%. Besides an index case, three other... more
In a natural focus of paragonimiasis in the northeastern region of Venezuela, 130 people were clinically, parasitologically and immunologically evaluated. A specific intradermal test was positive in 13%. Besides an index case, three other active cases of paragonimiasis were identified. Adult Paragonimus worms and metacercariae were recovered from Didelphis marsupialis and Eudaniela garmani, respectively. Previous reports of Paragonimus infection in Venezuela are discussed.
Research Interests: Venezuela, Adolescent, Humans, Child, Female, and 10 moreAnimals, Male, Snails, Brachyura, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Captive Wild Animals, The American, and Child preschool
Research Interests:
Dos recién nacidos pretérmino, nacidos a las 26 y 30 semanas de edad gestacional respectivamente, recibieron soporte avanzado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN), incluyendo ventilación mecánica, nutrición parenteral... more
Dos recién nacidos pretérmino, nacidos a las 26 y 30 semanas de edad gestacional respectivamente, recibieron soporte avanzado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN), incluyendo ventilación mecánica, nutrición parenteral total, inserción de catéteres venosos centrales y varios esquemas de tratamientos antimicrobianos. El día 8 (caso 1) y 6 (caso 2), respectivamente, ellos desarrollaron candidemia severa (por C albicans y C parapsilosis en el caso 1, y C parapsilosis en el caso 2). La terapia antifúngica fue iniciada con Fluconazol más Anfotericina de Dispersión Coloidal (Amphotec) en el caso 1, y Anfotericina B sola en el caso 2, sin aparente mejoría clínica y crecimiento persistente de Candida en sangre y puntas de catéter (más de 3 cultivos positivos para Candida en cada caso). El deterioro progresivo fue revertido sólo después de que Caspofungina (1 mg/kg por día) fue añadido a ambos esquemas con anfotericina. Los dos pacientes se recuperaron totalmente sin ningún e...
A case of human proliferative sparganosis, the first in the southern hemisphere, is reported. The patient had multiple nodular, papular, acne-like lesions, gynecomastia, and large subcutaneous abscesses. Laboratory findings showed that he... more
A case of human proliferative sparganosis, the first in the southern hemisphere, is reported. The patient had multiple nodular, papular, acne-like lesions, gynecomastia, and large subcutaneous abscesses. Laboratory findings showed that he also had severe anemia of the type associated with infection and chronic diseases, leukocytosis, eosinophilia, and severe hypoalbuminemia and hypergammaglobulinemia. His cellular and humoral immune responses were unaltered. New aspects on the functional repercussion of the parasitism of the human host by Sparganum proliferum are discussed. Treatment with mebendazole was ineffective; the patient's tolerance for the newer drug praziquantel was extremely poor.
Research Interests: Venezuela, Antibodies, Humans, Male, Adult, and 5 morePraziquantel, Immunoglobulins, Sparganosis, Mebendazole, and The American
In a natural focus of paragonimiasis in the northeastern region of Venezuela, 130 people were clinically, parasitologically and immunologically evaluated. A specific intradermal test was positive in 13%. Besides an index case, three other... more
In a natural focus of paragonimiasis in the northeastern region of Venezuela, 130 people were clinically, parasitologically and immunologically evaluated. A specific intradermal test was positive in 13%. Besides an index case, three other active cases of paragonimiasis were identified. Adult Paragonimus worms and metacercariae were recovered from Didelphis marsupialis and Eudaniela garmani, respectively. Previous reports of Paragonimus infection in Venezuela are discussed.
Research Interests: Venezuela, Adolescent, Humans, Child, Female, and 10 moreAnimals, Male, Snails, Brachyura, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Captive Wild Animals, The American, and Child preschool
A cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey seeking hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly was carried out in isolated Yanomami hamlets in Amazonas Territory in Venezuela. All 110 inhabitants greater than 1 year of age were evaluated... more
A cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey seeking hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly was carried out in isolated Yanomami hamlets in Amazonas Territory in Venezuela. All 110 inhabitants greater than 1 year of age were evaluated clinically and 98 were studied immunologically. The spleen index for individuals greater than 10 years of age was 44%. Only 3 patients had Plasmodium spp. on thick blood smears. All had serological evidence of infection with Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. Twenty-three patients were considered to show hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly. Clinical manifestations of the syndrome did not differ from those described in other parts of the world.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Humans, Female, Male, Risk factors, Middle Aged, and 6 moreAdult, Risk Factors, Seizures, Praziquantel, Cysticercosis, and Brain Diseases
Page 1. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. Sao Paulo 30 (6) - 433-436, novembro-dezembro 1988 SEIZURES AN D PRAZIQUANTEL . A CAS E REPORT . J aime R . TORRESR . , O scar NOYA G., B elkysyol é A . de NOYA &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; A lejandro MONDOLFIG... more
Page 1. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. Sao Paulo 30 (6) - 433-436, novembro-dezembro 1988 SEIZURES AN D PRAZIQUANTEL . A CAS E REPORT . J aime R . TORRESR . , O scar NOYA G., B elkysyol é A . de NOYA &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; A lejandro MONDOLFIG . SUMMARY ...