Ahmad Rohi Ghazali
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Biomedical Sciences, Faculty Member
The mentor-mentee programme was started in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in the early 90's and involved monitoring students (mentee) academic performances with the lecturer (mentor). The mentor-mentee programme in the Faculty... more
The mentor-mentee programme was started in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in the early 90's and involved monitoring students (mentee) academic performances with the lecturer (mentor). The mentor-mentee programme in the Faculty of Health Sciences (FSK), UKM, needs improvement to stay relevant to students. Therefore, some modifications were made by implementing a new programme known as Projek Tunas FSK, which is more comprehensive and employs the Modul Mentor Berkesan© in rebranding the existing mentor-mentee programme. Our research was conducted to study the perception of FSK, UKM students on the conventional mentor-mentee programme and Projek Tunas FSK. The Year 2 (n = 114) and Year 4 students (n = 84) from the 2018-2019 session were given questionnaires consisting of three parts: their demographic data, academic performance, and questions related to their relationship and communication with their mentors. The findings show that restructuring the mentor-mentee programme to Projek Tunas FSK leads to better perception towards FSK students.
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Agriculture is an important component of the Malaysian economy. Pesticides are widely used by farmers to increase crop production. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is known to play an important role in the degradation of acetylcholine (ACh) at... more
Agriculture is an important component of the Malaysian economy. Pesticides are widely used by farmers to increase crop production. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is known to play an important role in the degradation of acetylcholine (ACh) at the neuromuscular junction of the nervous system. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pesticide exposure on serum levels of AChE of farmers. A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 95 farmers from Kelantan (n = 49) and Selangor (n = 46) aged between 23 and 71 years were recruited. AChE concentration was measured by spectrophotometry. The results of this study showed that the mean AChE concentrations in farmers from Kelantan and Selangor were 2,715 and 2,660 U/L, respectively, significantly different (p < 0.05) from normal reference value (3500 U/l). Pearson correlation test showed a moderate correlation between AChE level and age (r = 0.551) and a strong correlation between AChE level and working period (r = -0.872) in farmers in Kelantan. AChE levels in Selangor were also moderately correlated with age (r = -0.353) and working period (r = -0.515). In conclusion, increasing age and long-term pesticide exposure reduce AChE levels in farmers.
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Background: Previous works have shown changes in tear protein concentration in diabetic patients. However, minimal data is available for Asian diabetics. Aim: This study was carried out to compare and investigate the changes of total... more
Background: Previous works have shown changes in tear protein concentration in diabetic patients. However, minimal data is available for Asian diabetics. Aim: This study was carried out to compare and investigate the changes of total protein concentration (TPC) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) concentration in tears of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) patients. Methodology : A total of 15 subjects from each group; (i)normal, (ii)diabetes without retinopathy, (iii)mild NPDR, (iv)moderate NPDR, (v)severe NPDR were screened (to exclude subjects with dry eye) using McMonnies questionnaire. Visual acuity (VA) was measured using LogMar chart. Tears quality and quantity were evaluated clinically using tear break up time test (TBUT) and phenol red thread test (PRT). Basal tears were collected using 20uL glass capillary tube and being stored at -80°C fridge. TPC and TNF-alpha concentration were determine using Bradford assay and Enzyme Link-Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. Result s: All subject (n=75) with mean age of 57.88±4.71 years old scored equally in their McMonnies questionnaire (P=0.898). VA was significantly worsening at severe stage of NPDR (p<0.01). Tears quality dropped primarily at moderate NPDR (p<0.05) and severe NPDR (p<0.01). Tears quantity reduced along the severity of NPDR mainly at severe stage (p<0.05). As TPC decreased throughout the NPDR stages, tears TNF-alpha significantly increased mainly at moderate and severe (p<0.01). Significant correlations were seen between tears quantity and TPC (r=0.237, p<0.05) and TNF-alpha concentration (r=-0.384, p<0.01). Conclusion : TTPC and TNF-alpha concentration change with the progression of retinopathy and might be crucial in assisting early detection or anticipating advanced stage of retinopathy.
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Background: Zingiber zerumbet rhizome ethyl acetate extract (ZZRE) has the potential to be developed as a wound-healing agent with its profound anti-inflammatory property. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the wound healing... more
Background: Zingiber zerumbet rhizome ethyl acetate extract (ZZRE) has the potential to be developed as a wound-healing agent with its profound anti-inflammatory property. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the wound healing effects of 5% ZZRE on open wound in rats. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats (n = 90) were divided into three groups, negative control (treated with PBS), positive control (treated with solcoseryl gel), and 5% ethyl acetate extract of Z. zerumbet, respectively. Wounds were induced on the rat's dorsal surface on day 0. Measurements of wound closure, total protein, uronic acid, hexosamine, cathepsin B, hydroxyproline, and histological observations were conducted on the wound tissues. Results: ZZRE-treated group showed increment in wound closure, protein, and hydroxyproline level. The uronic acid and hexosamine levels of ZZRE-treated wounds significantly increased on the 3rd day (P < 0.05). Histological observations demonstrated formation of granulation tissue was faster and denser in ZZRE-treated group. Conclusion: ZZRE enhances open wound healing in rats and has potential to be developed as a healing agent in the future. Abbreviations Used: ZZRE: Zingiber zerumbet rhizomes extract, PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor, TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-beta, PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline, EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
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BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common types of lung cancer. Chemoprevention of lung cancer has gained increasing popularity as an alternative to... more
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common types of lung cancer. Chemoprevention of lung cancer has gained increasing popularity as an alternative to treatment in reducing the burden of lung cancer. Pterostilbene (PS) may be developed as a chemopreventive agent due to its pharmacological activities, such as anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PS on the development of lung SCC in the mouse model. METHODS A total of 24 seven-week-old female Balb/C mice were randomly categorised into four groups, including two control groups comprising the N-nitroso-trischloroethylurea (NTCU)-induced lung SCC and vehicle control (VC) groups and two treatment groups comprising the 10mg/kg PS (PS10) and 50mg/kg PS (PS50) groups. All lung organs were harvested at week 26 for histopathological analysis. RESULTS All PS treatment groups showed chemopreventive activity by inhibiting the progression of lung SCC formation with PS10, resulting in mild hyperplasia, and PS50 was completely reversed in the normal bronchial epithelium layer compared with the VC group. PS treatment also reduced the expression of cytokeratin 5/6 in the bronchial epithelium layer. Both PS10 and PS50 significantly reduced the epithelium thickness compared to the NTCU group (p<0.05). PS is a potential chemopreventive agent against lung SCC growth by suppressing the progression of pre-malignant lesions and reducing the thickness of the bronchial epithelium. CONCLUSIONS The underlying molecular mechanisms of PS in lung SCC should be further studied.
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Research Interests: Business and Food Science
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Introduction: There is a lot of evidence that shows spirituality and religiosity approach in life can improve health status. Spirituality and religiosity approach is also largely applied in Tahfiz schools. Method: Sectional study was... more
Introduction: There is a lot of evidence that shows spirituality and religiosity approach in life can improve health status. Spirituality and religiosity approach is also largely applied in Tahfiz schools. Method: Sectional study was conducted among students of Tahfiz schools and buccal cells were collected to assess the presence of nuclear abnormalities via the formation of micronucleus (MN) and binucleus (BNu) per cell. Statistical analysis was also performed to measure the association between the frequency of micronuclei (MN) and binucleus (BNu) per cell with their lifestyle factors (sleep times, exercise times, and time of use of mobile phones) and demographic data (age, FSIQ, and number of pages al-Quran that memorized). Results: It was found that the frequency of BNu per cell was higher for students from non-Tahfiz schools compared to Tahfiz schools. Meanwhile, the frequency of micronucleus (MN) per cell for both types of schools showed a percentage less than 0.01%. However there was no significant different between the frequencies of micronucleus (MN) and binucleus (BNu) per cell between the two types of school. In addition, correlation analysis showed that there were significant and positive correlation between age and the frequency of MN (r = 0,377, p = 0.025) for the students from Tahfiz schools. There was also a significant and negative correlation between the number of pages of the Quran memorized with MN frequency (r = -0.378, p = 0.025) for the students from Tahfiz schools. The same was also observed between lifestyle factors such as exercise time, time of use of mobile phones, sleep time and FSIQ for the students from the Tahfiz schools. Conclusion: nuclear abnormalities were not prominent in students from the Tahfiz schools. Factors that contribute to spiritually and religiosity in schools can prevent cytogenetic effect.
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Prolonged nicotine exposureescalates the onset and development of cardiovascular diseasesin both active and passive smokers via cardiac injury. Pterostilbene, a resveratrol derivative, has been shown to exhibit high... more
Prolonged nicotine exposureescalates the onset and development of cardiovascular diseasesin both active and passive smokers via cardiac injury. Pterostilbene, a resveratrol derivative, has been shown to exhibit high anti-inflammatory,antioxidant and antitumor properties. Nevertheless, its role as a cardioprotective agent in a nicotine-induced rat model is still scarce. Therefore, our study was aimed to investigatethe effects of co-administered pterostilbene against nicotine-induced cardiac injury rat model.Twenty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allotted and treated with nicotine (0.6 mg/kg)orin-combination with pterostilbene (10 mg/kg) for 28 consecutive days. Non-invasive tail cuff blood pressure measurements were taken atday-0, day-14 and day-28. Rat hearts were harvested at study endpoint and thechanges in cardiac function parameters and oxidative stress markers were evaluated. The findings have shown that pterostilbene co-administration significantly (P<0.05) reduc...
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Skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of non-melanoma skin cancer. Pterostilbene is a natural compound proven to exhibit various pharmacological properties, including chemo-preventive effects. This study aimed to explore the... more
Skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of non-melanoma skin cancer. Pterostilbene is a natural compound proven to exhibit various pharmacological properties, including chemo-preventive effects. This study aimed to explore the chemo-preventive effect of oral pterostilbene during initiation, promotion or continuous on multistage skin SCC mouse models induced by 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The experimental design consists of five groups of female Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice, with two control groups of vehicle and cancer. Three oral pterostilbene groups consisted of orally administered pterostilbene during initiation, promotion, or continuously. Oral pterostilbene significantly reduced the number and volume of tumours. Oral pterostilbene demonstrated less severe skin histology changes compared to the cancer control group, with less pleomorphic in the cells and nuclei, and the basement membrane remained intact. Our r...
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The study evaluated the antioxidant capacity of hexane extract of Canarium odontophyllum Miq. leaf; its fatty acids and terpenoids content; and cytotoxic effects on UVB-induced human keratinocytes (HaCaT). FRAP assay was used to determine... more
The study evaluated the antioxidant capacity of hexane extract of Canarium odontophyllum Miq. leaf; its fatty acids and terpenoids content; and cytotoxic effects on UVB-induced human keratinocytes (HaCaT). FRAP assay was used to determine antioxidant capacity. GC-MS analysis to identify the fatty acids and terpenoids’ in the hexane extract of Canarium odontophyllum Miq. leaf. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was carried out to measure the cytotoxic effects of the extract on UVB-induced human keratinocytes. Serial doses of up to 1000 µg/mL extract were administered before UVB irradiation of the cells. FRAP assay showed the extract was found to exhibit antioxidant activity but no significant difference in ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC) between dose 500 µg/mL (5.00 ± 0.35 AEAC) and 1000 µg/mL (5.70 ± 0.29 AEAC) extract. GC-MS analysis showed the extract contained 88.93% of fatty acids and terpenoids, especially n-hexadecanoi...
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Canarium odontophyllum or locally known as Dabai in Sarawak is a fruit largely consumed by the locals. Based on previous studies, the plant possessed various biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal and... more
Canarium odontophyllum or locally known as Dabai in Sarawak is a fruit largely consumed by the locals. Based on previous studies, the plant possessed various biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal and anticancer. Our aim was to investigate the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of C. odontophyllum acetone leaves extracts by using the Ames test (Salmonella reverse mutagenicity assay).The Ames test also involved the pre-incubation method against Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 bacterial strains in the absence and presence of metabolic activator S9 system. C. odontophyllum crude acetone extracts were diluted with 10% DMSO to obtain three different concentrations of 3.125, 12.5 and 50 mg/ml. To determine the mutagenicity effects of the extracts, each concentration of the extract was evaluated based on the two-fold value of the number of revertant’s colony in negative control plate as the cut-of point. No mutagenic activity was observed for the framesh...
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Pterostilbene has dermal medicinal benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative effects and photoprotective properties against UVB radiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dermal toxicity of pterostilbene via skin... more
Pterostilbene has dermal medicinal benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative effects and photoprotective properties against UVB radiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dermal toxicity of pterostilbene via skin irritation and sensitisation. A skin irritation test was done according to the Organization Economic Co-operation and Development 404 guideline with the scoring of irritation based on erythema and oedema in 5 albino rabbits were observed up to 14 days. The sensitisation test using the Buehler Test in accordance with the ISO 10993-10 guideline was used to study the sensitisation effect of pterostilbene on the skin surface of albino guinea pigs. According to the primary dermal irritation index (PDII), the positive control group was classified with severe irritation (scorings of 7.71). No irritation was observed for the negative control and the 5% pterostilbene treated groups. But, a slight irritation reaction with PDII scorings of 0.86 was observed in th...
Research Interests: Irritation and Erythema
The increase in the number of Tahfiz schools in Malaysia indicates a high demand from the community for Tahfiz education. Tahfiz schools provide a Quran memorization syllabus as the main part of the curriculum at the primary and secondary... more
The increase in the number of Tahfiz schools in Malaysia indicates a high demand from the community for Tahfiz education. Tahfiz schools provide a Quran memorization syllabus as the main part of the curriculum at the primary and secondary levels. There is no holistic module that combines learning and health for Tahfiz students in Malaysia. Huffaz ProHealth 1.0© Module is a health intervention module developed explicitly for Tahfiz students by a group of researchers from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur (UKMKL). The module encompasses educational and motivational components for the Tahfiz students, and acts as a guide for their teachers and staff to improve the students’ health and quality of life. The module consists of three components: physical health, nutritional and psychological well-being. Each component is divided into several units with specific activities. The Sidek Module Development Model (SDMM) was used as a reference model. The study involved two phases: the ...
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Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-dos-10.1177_15593258211047651 for Pterostilbene Inhibits the Melanogenesis Activity in UVB-Irradiated B164A5 Cells by Dayang Fredalina Basri, Leong Chen Lew, Raveena Vaidheswary Muralitharan, Tava Shelan... more
Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-dos-10.1177_15593258211047651 for Pterostilbene Inhibits the Melanogenesis Activity in UVB-Irradiated B164A5 Cells by Dayang Fredalina Basri, Leong Chen Lew, Raveena Vaidheswary Muralitharan, Tava Shelan Nagapan and Ahmad Rohi Ghazali in Dose-Response
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Abstract: Exposure to organophosphate insecticides such as fenitrothion (FNT) in agriculture and public health has been reported to affect sperm quality. Antioxidants may have a potential to reduce spermatotoxic effects induced by... more
Abstract: Exposure to organophosphate insecticides such as fenitrothion (FNT) in agriculture and public health has been reported to affect sperm quality. Antioxidants may have a potential to reduce spermatotoxic effects induced by organophosphate. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of palm oil tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) in reducing the detrimental effects occurring in spermatozoa of FNT-treated rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups: a control group and groups of rats treated orally with palm oil TRF (200 mg/kg), FNT (20 mg/kg) and palm oil TRF (200 mg/kg) combined with FNT (20 mg/kg). The sperm characteristics, DNA damage, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC) were evaluated. Supplementation with TRF attenuated the detrimental effects of FNT by significantly increasing the sperm counts, motility, and viability and decreased the abnor...
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BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common types of lung cancer. Chemoprevention of lung cancer has gained increasing popularity as an alternative to... more
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common types of lung cancer. Chemoprevention of lung cancer has gained increasing popularity as an alternative to treatment in reducing the burden of lung cancer. Pterostilbene (PS) may be developed as a chemopreventive agent due to its pharmacological activities, such as anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PS on the development of lung SCC in the mouse model. METHODS A total of 24 seven-week-old female Balb/C mice were randomly categorised into four groups, including two control groups comprising the N-nitroso-trischloroethylurea (NTCU)-induced lung SCC and vehicle control (VC) groups and two treatment groups comprising the 10mg/kg PS (PS10) and 50mg/kg PS (PS50) groups. All lung organs were harvested at week 26 for histopathological analysis. RESULTS All PS treatment groups showed chem...
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Sekolah tahfiz merupakan institusi yang mengkhususkan pendidikan kepada pelajar yang boleh menghafaz serta mengingati keseluruhan al-Quran. Aktiviti menghafaz al-Quran dengan teknik pengucapan berulang kali akan membantu meningkatkan... more
Sekolah tahfiz merupakan institusi yang mengkhususkan pendidikan kepada pelajar yang boleh menghafaz serta mengingati keseluruhan al-Quran. Aktiviti menghafaz al-Quran dengan teknik pengucapan berulang kali akan membantu meningkatkan keupayaan otak untuk memproses, mengingati maklumat dan membina memori. Kehadiran logam berat akan memberi kesan kepada sistem saraf serta mengganggu fungsi sistem saraf pusat dan periferi di mana akan seterusnya menyebabkan berlakunya kecelaan fungsi mental dan kognitif. Keupayaan untuk belajar, mengingati atau menghafaz, penggunaan bahasa dan untuk memahami sesuatu akan terganggu serta mengurangkan IQ dan perhatian. Kajian keratan rentas telah dilakukan bagi mengukur dan mengenal pasti hubungan di antara tahap logam berat, hafazan al-Quran dan tahap kecerdasan (IQ) dalam kalangan pelajar di sekolah tahfiz berbanding sekolah bukan tahfiz terpilih di Selangor. Kepekatan logam berat ditentukan melalui analisa sampel kuku dan rambut pelajar dengan menggun...
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Pestisid dan baja kimia digunakan secara meluas dalam sektor pertanian bagi meningkatkan hasil pertanian dalam kalangan petani. Namun, pendedahan kepada pestisid akan memberi potensi risiko kepada kesihatan manusia. Kajian ini bertujuan... more
Pestisid dan baja kimia digunakan secara meluas dalam sektor pertanian bagi meningkatkan hasil pertanian dalam kalangan petani. Namun, pendedahan kepada pestisid akan memberi potensi risiko kepada kesihatan manusia. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisa kekerapan pembentukan mikronukleus (MN) dan binukleus (BNu) pada mukosa sel bukal petani yang terdedah kepada pestisid dengan menggunakan asai MN. Perbandingan kekerapan MN dan Bnu dilakukan di dua kawasan iaitu Tanjung Karang, Selangor dan Kelantan kerana aktiviti pertanian dan jenis pestisid yang digunakan adalah berbeza. Pengambilan sel bukal dilakukan pada petani di Tanjung Karang (n = 32) dan petani di Kelantan (n = 43) dengan mnggunakan kayu penyendal lidah. Borang soal selidik juga digunakan untuk mendapatkan data demografik para petani. Analisa sitogenetik dilakukan dengan menggunakan pewarnaan Akridin Jingga (AO) 0.0025% (w/v). Kekerapan MN dan BNu yang terbentuk melalui analisa dibawah mikroskop fluoresen dijadikan sebagai petun...
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INTRODUCTION: Subclinical changes that occur in the heart at an early age may provide valuable information to outline prevention strategies for cardiovascular diseases. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects regulation of autonomic... more
INTRODUCTION: Subclinical changes that occur in the heart at an early age may provide valuable information to outline prevention strategies for cardiovascular diseases. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects regulation of autonomic balance, heart, and vascular tone, which are the determinants of blood pressure. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the difference in heart rate variability (HRV) of Malay male young adult with their BMI and adiposity level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 201 Malay male young adult aged between 19 to 24 years old were screened and their BMI and adiposity level were measured. Three non -invasive tests; Valsalva Manoeuvre, orthostatic response and 30/15 ratio of heart rate were performed. Short term HRV time and frequency domains were recorded. RESULTS: Despite few significant differences in HRV parameters of overweight/obese subjects, the result is inconclusive to conclude any reduced variability. However, those with high adiposity regardless of th...
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Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from sunlight is an environmental human carcinogen. Skin exposure to UVR would increase the oxidative stress, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, melanogenesis and photocarcinogenesis. Therefore, development of... more
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from sunlight is an environmental human carcinogen. Skin exposure to UVR would increase the oxidative stress, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, melanogenesis and photocarcinogenesis. Therefore, development of photoprotective agent is necessary in order to reduce the cutaneous toxicity. The use natural active compounds like stilbenes and its derivatives have gained attention as photoprotection to skin due to its broad biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti melanogenesis and chemoprevention. This review article aims to analyse the existing literature on the photoprotective effect of stilbenes and its derivatives which include the resveratrol, pterostilbene, piceatannol and oxyresveratrol on in vitro and in vivo studies. This article describes the stilbenes and its derivatives protect and prevent UVR induced skin disorders via the reduction of oxidative stress, alleviation of DNA damage, inhibition of melanogenesis and anti phot...
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Among all types of human cancers, lung cancer is one of the most common and has the highest mortality rate. Two major groups of lung cancer based on histological features are non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and small cell lung... more
Among all types of human cancers, lung cancer is one of the most common and has the highest mortality rate. Two major groups of lung cancer based on histological features are non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and small cell lung cancers (SCLCs). NSCLCs are further subdivided into few subtypes such as adenocarcinoma (AD), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and large cell carcinoma(LCC). Focusing on specific treatments or molecular targeted therapy for each type of lung cancers promising the better results as each subtype of lung cancers differ in genomic alterations, the cell of origin and growth pattern. Numerous studies have been done to search for the best chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents that can reduce the burden of lung cancer, primarily focusing on potential natural products. This review is focused on genomic alterations and current potential natural compounds as chemotherapeutic and chemoprevention agents specifically on each subtype of lung cancers.