The ability to generate, absorb, and transmit forces through the proximal segments of the pelvi... more The ability to generate, absorb, and transmit forces through the proximal segments of the pelvis, spine, and trunk has been proposed to influence sport performance, yet traditional training techniques targeting the proximal segments have had limited success improving sport-specific performance. To investigate the effects of a traditional endurance-training program and a sport-specific power-training program targeting the proximal segments of the muscles that support the proximal segments and throwing velocity. Randomized controlled clinical trial. University research laboratory and gymnasium. A total of 46 (age = 20 ± 1.3 years, height = 175.7 ± 8.7 cm) healthy, National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III female softball (n = 17) and male baseball (n = 29) players. Blocked stratification for sex and position was used to randomly assign participants to 1 of 2 training groups for 7 weeks: a traditional endurance-training group (ET group; n = 21) or a power-stabil...
INTRODUCTION The sensorimotor system (SMS) is responsible for providing the awareness, coordinati... more INTRODUCTION The sensorimotor system (SMS) is responsible for providing the awareness, coordination and feedback to maintain stability and function. Therefore, acuity of this system is a major component of injury-free athletic performance. Evidence suggests that muscular fatigue [1,2] and injury [3] compromise SMS function in the upper-extremity. However, investigations of joint position sense often employ methods that hamper our ability to apply results to functional activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of functional fatigue on unconstrained, multijoint position reproduction of the upper-extremity. We measured position reproduction acuity of the upper-extremity as a functional unit and acuity of four individual joints. METHODS 0 10 20 30 40 50 Scapulothoracic Glenohumeral Elbow Wrist 3D Variable Error (degrees) Prefatigue Postfatigue {* {* { * { * Figure 2: Comparison of prefatigue to postfatigue acuity scores (3DVE) for the ball-release position. * Signifi...
To examine the effects of orthotic intervention on unilateral postural sway after fatigue of the ... more To examine the effects of orthotic intervention on unilateral postural sway after fatigue of the plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscle groups. Subjects were assigned to both orthotic and nonorthotic testing conditions in a counterbalanced order, then assessed for postural sway before and after isokinetic fatiguing contractions of the plantar flexors and dorsiflexors. Postural stability was measured on the motor-dominant extremity. (Motor dominance was assessed as the foot the subject used to kick a ball.) Eleven active, healthy male subjects (mean age = 24 +/- 2.0 years, wt = 74.5 +/- 8.8 kg, ht = 180.3 +/- 8.4 cm) volunteered to participate in the study. Center-of-pressure postural sway was assessed via the force platforms of a Chattecx Dynamic Balance System and transformed via 4 transducers as values indicative of sway in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions. The dependent measure was postural sway in centimeters. Fatigue was induced by consecutive concentric plan...
OBJECTIVE: To outline rehabilitation concepts that are applicable to acute and chronic injury of ... more OBJECTIVE: To outline rehabilitation concepts that are applicable to acute and chronic injury of the ankle, to provide evidence for current techniques used in the rehabilitation of the ankle, and to describe a functional rehabilitation program that progresses from basic to advanced, while taking into consideration empirical data from the literature and clinical practice. BACKGROUND: Important considerations in the rehabilitation of ankle injuries include controlling the acute inflammatory process, regaining full ankle range of motion, increasing muscle strength and power, and improving proprioceptive abilities. These goals can be achieved through various modalities, flexibility exercises, and progressive strength- and balance-training exercises. In this article, we discuss the deleterious effects of ankle injury on ankle-joint proprioception and muscular strength and how these variables can be quantifiably measured to follow progress through a rehabilitation program. Evidence to sup...
OBJECTIVE: To compare postural stability, single-leg hop, and isokinetic strength measurements in... more OBJECTIVE: To compare postural stability, single-leg hop, and isokinetic strength measurements in subjects after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with an age- and activity-matched control group. DESIGN AND SETTING: Subjects reported to a sports medicine/athletic training research laboratory for testing. Subjects reported for one testing session for a total test time of 1 hour. SUBJECTS: Twenty subjects with ACL reconstructions (ACLRs) and 20 age- and activity-matched controls were selected to participate in this study. An arthroscopically assisted central one-third bone-patellar tendon procedure was used to repair the ACLs. MEASUREMENTS: We measured concentric and eccentric peak torque (Nm) measurements of the knee extensors and flexors at 120 degrees and 240 degrees /second on an isokinetic dynamometer. Unilateral and bilateral dynamic postural stability was measured as a stability index in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral planes with the Biodex Stability Sy...
OBJECTIVE: To compare 2 methods of determining cervical spinal stenosis (Torg ratio, space availa... more OBJECTIVE: To compare 2 methods of determining cervical spinal stenosis (Torg ratio, space available for the cord [SAC]); determine which of the components of the Torg ratio and the SAC account for more of the variability in the measures; and present standardized SAC values for normal subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). DESIGN AND SETTING: The research design consisted of a posttest-only, comparison-group design. The independent variable was method of measurement (Torg ratio and SAC). The dependent variables were Torg ratio and SAC scores. SUBJECTS: Fourteen men (age = 24.4 +/- 2.5 years, height = 181.0 +/- 5.8 cm, weight = 90 +/- 13.5 kg) participated in this study. The C3 to C7 vertebrae were examined in each subject (n = 70). MEASUREMENTS: The Torg ratio was determined by dividing the sagittal spinal-canal diameter by the corresponding sagittal vertebral-body diameter. The SAC was determined by subtracting the sagittal spinal-cord diameter from the corresponding sagi...
The American journal of sports medicine, Jan 21, 2015
Recent data from the Danish anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) registry demonstrated increased reop... more Recent data from the Danish anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) registry demonstrated increased reoperation rates for hamstring tendon autografts when an anatomic ACL reconstruction is performed. This is consistent with reports of greater time needed for hamstring tendon autografts to mature compared with other autografts. To review the literature comparing graft failure rate between patellar and hamstring tendon autografts placed anatomically and to determine if there are differences in return to preinjury activity levels between autografts. Systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. The PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL databases were used to identify studies published from January 1, 2000, through March 7, 2014. To compare postoperative outcomes between patellar tendon and hamstring tendon autografts, summary event rates for graft failure and return to preinjury activity level were calculated. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate a summary odds ratio (OR)...
Evaluating change in patients over time can be challenging to any health care provider. Response ... more Evaluating change in patients over time can be challenging to any health care provider. Response shift theory is based on the change typology of alpha, beta, and gamma change and proposes that residual changes in self-response measures occur over time. These changes are the result of recalibration, reconceptualization, and reprioritization of internal standards and references utilized for self-appraisal. Failing to account for response shift may result in over- or under-reporting of true physiologic change. The purpose of this paper is to review the components of response shift, identify research designs used to detect it, and present a model for its practical application to rehabilitation of both acute and chronic disabilities. Awareness of response shifts throughout the rehabilitation process may be beneficial in guiding patient goal-setting, treatment, and education. Of particular emphasis is the role that the rehabilitation specialist can have in using the response shift process...
Rapid deceleration during sporting activities, such as landing from a jump, has been identified a... more Rapid deceleration during sporting activities, such as landing from a jump, has been identified as a common mechanism of acute knee injury. Research into the role of potential sex differences in hip abductor function with lower extremity kinematics when landing from a jump is limited. To evaluate sex differences in hip abductor function in relation to lower extremity landing kinematics. 2 x 2 mixed-model factorial design using a between-subjects factor (sex) and a repeated factor (test). University laboratory. A sample of convenience consisting of 30 healthy adults (15 women, 15 men) with no history of lower extremity surgery and no lower extremity injuries within 6 months of testing. Landing kinematics were assessed as subjects performed 3 pre-exercise landing trials that required them to hop from 2 legs and land on a single leg. Isometric peak torque (PT) of the hip abductors was measured, followed by an endurance test during which subjects maintained 50% of their PT to the limits...
Muscle fatigue is generally categorized in 2 ways: that caused by peripheral weakness (peripheral... more Muscle fatigue is generally categorized in 2 ways: that caused by peripheral weakness (peripheral fatigue) and that caused by a progressive failure of voluntary neural drive (central fatigue). Numerous variables have been studied in conjunction with fatigue protocols, including postural stability, maximum voluntary contraction force, and reaction time. When torque recordings fall below 50% of a maximum voluntary contraction, the muscle is described as fatigued, but whether this value is a good indicator of fatigue has not been studied. To compare the effects of 2 ankle musculature fatigue protocols (30% and 50%) on the duration of postural stability dysfunction. To assess differences between the 30% and 50% fatigue protocols, we calculated a 1 between-groups factor (subjects) and 2 within-groups factors (fatigue, test) analysis of variance. E.J. Nutter Athletic Training Facility. Twenty subjects (10 men, 10 women; age = 21.15 +/- 2.23 years; height = 172.97 +/- 9.86 cm; mass = 70.62...
The ability to generate, absorb, and transmit forces through the proximal segments of the pelvi... more The ability to generate, absorb, and transmit forces through the proximal segments of the pelvis, spine, and trunk has been proposed to influence sport performance, yet traditional training techniques targeting the proximal segments have had limited success improving sport-specific performance. To investigate the effects of a traditional endurance-training program and a sport-specific power-training program targeting the proximal segments of the muscles that support the proximal segments and throwing velocity. Randomized controlled clinical trial. University research laboratory and gymnasium. A total of 46 (age = 20 ± 1.3 years, height = 175.7 ± 8.7 cm) healthy, National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III female softball (n = 17) and male baseball (n = 29) players. Blocked stratification for sex and position was used to randomly assign participants to 1 of 2 training groups for 7 weeks: a traditional endurance-training group (ET group; n = 21) or a power-stabil...
INTRODUCTION The sensorimotor system (SMS) is responsible for providing the awareness, coordinati... more INTRODUCTION The sensorimotor system (SMS) is responsible for providing the awareness, coordination and feedback to maintain stability and function. Therefore, acuity of this system is a major component of injury-free athletic performance. Evidence suggests that muscular fatigue [1,2] and injury [3] compromise SMS function in the upper-extremity. However, investigations of joint position sense often employ methods that hamper our ability to apply results to functional activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of functional fatigue on unconstrained, multijoint position reproduction of the upper-extremity. We measured position reproduction acuity of the upper-extremity as a functional unit and acuity of four individual joints. METHODS 0 10 20 30 40 50 Scapulothoracic Glenohumeral Elbow Wrist 3D Variable Error (degrees) Prefatigue Postfatigue {* {* { * { * Figure 2: Comparison of prefatigue to postfatigue acuity scores (3DVE) for the ball-release position. * Signifi...
To examine the effects of orthotic intervention on unilateral postural sway after fatigue of the ... more To examine the effects of orthotic intervention on unilateral postural sway after fatigue of the plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscle groups. Subjects were assigned to both orthotic and nonorthotic testing conditions in a counterbalanced order, then assessed for postural sway before and after isokinetic fatiguing contractions of the plantar flexors and dorsiflexors. Postural stability was measured on the motor-dominant extremity. (Motor dominance was assessed as the foot the subject used to kick a ball.) Eleven active, healthy male subjects (mean age = 24 +/- 2.0 years, wt = 74.5 +/- 8.8 kg, ht = 180.3 +/- 8.4 cm) volunteered to participate in the study. Center-of-pressure postural sway was assessed via the force platforms of a Chattecx Dynamic Balance System and transformed via 4 transducers as values indicative of sway in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions. The dependent measure was postural sway in centimeters. Fatigue was induced by consecutive concentric plan...
OBJECTIVE: To outline rehabilitation concepts that are applicable to acute and chronic injury of ... more OBJECTIVE: To outline rehabilitation concepts that are applicable to acute and chronic injury of the ankle, to provide evidence for current techniques used in the rehabilitation of the ankle, and to describe a functional rehabilitation program that progresses from basic to advanced, while taking into consideration empirical data from the literature and clinical practice. BACKGROUND: Important considerations in the rehabilitation of ankle injuries include controlling the acute inflammatory process, regaining full ankle range of motion, increasing muscle strength and power, and improving proprioceptive abilities. These goals can be achieved through various modalities, flexibility exercises, and progressive strength- and balance-training exercises. In this article, we discuss the deleterious effects of ankle injury on ankle-joint proprioception and muscular strength and how these variables can be quantifiably measured to follow progress through a rehabilitation program. Evidence to sup...
OBJECTIVE: To compare postural stability, single-leg hop, and isokinetic strength measurements in... more OBJECTIVE: To compare postural stability, single-leg hop, and isokinetic strength measurements in subjects after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with an age- and activity-matched control group. DESIGN AND SETTING: Subjects reported to a sports medicine/athletic training research laboratory for testing. Subjects reported for one testing session for a total test time of 1 hour. SUBJECTS: Twenty subjects with ACL reconstructions (ACLRs) and 20 age- and activity-matched controls were selected to participate in this study. An arthroscopically assisted central one-third bone-patellar tendon procedure was used to repair the ACLs. MEASUREMENTS: We measured concentric and eccentric peak torque (Nm) measurements of the knee extensors and flexors at 120 degrees and 240 degrees /second on an isokinetic dynamometer. Unilateral and bilateral dynamic postural stability was measured as a stability index in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral planes with the Biodex Stability Sy...
OBJECTIVE: To compare 2 methods of determining cervical spinal stenosis (Torg ratio, space availa... more OBJECTIVE: To compare 2 methods of determining cervical spinal stenosis (Torg ratio, space available for the cord [SAC]); determine which of the components of the Torg ratio and the SAC account for more of the variability in the measures; and present standardized SAC values for normal subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). DESIGN AND SETTING: The research design consisted of a posttest-only, comparison-group design. The independent variable was method of measurement (Torg ratio and SAC). The dependent variables were Torg ratio and SAC scores. SUBJECTS: Fourteen men (age = 24.4 +/- 2.5 years, height = 181.0 +/- 5.8 cm, weight = 90 +/- 13.5 kg) participated in this study. The C3 to C7 vertebrae were examined in each subject (n = 70). MEASUREMENTS: The Torg ratio was determined by dividing the sagittal spinal-canal diameter by the corresponding sagittal vertebral-body diameter. The SAC was determined by subtracting the sagittal spinal-cord diameter from the corresponding sagi...
The American journal of sports medicine, Jan 21, 2015
Recent data from the Danish anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) registry demonstrated increased reop... more Recent data from the Danish anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) registry demonstrated increased reoperation rates for hamstring tendon autografts when an anatomic ACL reconstruction is performed. This is consistent with reports of greater time needed for hamstring tendon autografts to mature compared with other autografts. To review the literature comparing graft failure rate between patellar and hamstring tendon autografts placed anatomically and to determine if there are differences in return to preinjury activity levels between autografts. Systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. The PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL databases were used to identify studies published from January 1, 2000, through March 7, 2014. To compare postoperative outcomes between patellar tendon and hamstring tendon autografts, summary event rates for graft failure and return to preinjury activity level were calculated. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate a summary odds ratio (OR)...
Evaluating change in patients over time can be challenging to any health care provider. Response ... more Evaluating change in patients over time can be challenging to any health care provider. Response shift theory is based on the change typology of alpha, beta, and gamma change and proposes that residual changes in self-response measures occur over time. These changes are the result of recalibration, reconceptualization, and reprioritization of internal standards and references utilized for self-appraisal. Failing to account for response shift may result in over- or under-reporting of true physiologic change. The purpose of this paper is to review the components of response shift, identify research designs used to detect it, and present a model for its practical application to rehabilitation of both acute and chronic disabilities. Awareness of response shifts throughout the rehabilitation process may be beneficial in guiding patient goal-setting, treatment, and education. Of particular emphasis is the role that the rehabilitation specialist can have in using the response shift process...
Rapid deceleration during sporting activities, such as landing from a jump, has been identified a... more Rapid deceleration during sporting activities, such as landing from a jump, has been identified as a common mechanism of acute knee injury. Research into the role of potential sex differences in hip abductor function with lower extremity kinematics when landing from a jump is limited. To evaluate sex differences in hip abductor function in relation to lower extremity landing kinematics. 2 x 2 mixed-model factorial design using a between-subjects factor (sex) and a repeated factor (test). University laboratory. A sample of convenience consisting of 30 healthy adults (15 women, 15 men) with no history of lower extremity surgery and no lower extremity injuries within 6 months of testing. Landing kinematics were assessed as subjects performed 3 pre-exercise landing trials that required them to hop from 2 legs and land on a single leg. Isometric peak torque (PT) of the hip abductors was measured, followed by an endurance test during which subjects maintained 50% of their PT to the limits...
Muscle fatigue is generally categorized in 2 ways: that caused by peripheral weakness (peripheral... more Muscle fatigue is generally categorized in 2 ways: that caused by peripheral weakness (peripheral fatigue) and that caused by a progressive failure of voluntary neural drive (central fatigue). Numerous variables have been studied in conjunction with fatigue protocols, including postural stability, maximum voluntary contraction force, and reaction time. When torque recordings fall below 50% of a maximum voluntary contraction, the muscle is described as fatigued, but whether this value is a good indicator of fatigue has not been studied. To compare the effects of 2 ankle musculature fatigue protocols (30% and 50%) on the duration of postural stability dysfunction. To assess differences between the 30% and 50% fatigue protocols, we calculated a 1 between-groups factor (subjects) and 2 within-groups factors (fatigue, test) analysis of variance. E.J. Nutter Athletic Training Facility. Twenty subjects (10 men, 10 women; age = 21.15 +/- 2.23 years; height = 172.97 +/- 9.86 cm; mass = 70.62...
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Papers by Carl Mattacola