This volume is a collection of contributions to the international and interdisciplinary
Conferenc... more This volume is a collection of contributions to the international and interdisciplinary Conferences ‘Developments – Movements – Valuations’ from November 6th to 9th 2014 and ‘ResourceCultures – Theories, Methods, Perspectives’ from November 16th to 19th 2015 at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen organised by the collaborative research centre ‘SFB 1070 ResourceCultures – Sociocultural Dynamics in the Use of Resources’. It includes comprehensive papers about theories, approaches and concepts for the exploration of ResourceCultures, applying a diachronic and interdisciplinary perspective according to the vision of the SFB. International experts from a variety of different disciplines present case studies, examining ResourceCultures from the very beginning of human history until the present in a wide variety of cultural contexts. Thus, they demonstrate the manifold facets of ‘resources’ as a category for scientific analysis.
The Iberian Peninsula displays extreme geographic and climatic differences, resulting in very dif... more The Iberian Peninsula displays extreme geographic and climatic differences, resulting in very different local preconditions. To what extent are these responsible for the heterogeneous social and cultural development in different regions observable during the 3 rd mill. BC? To answer this question it is necessary to identify what was considered to be a resource and to determine how these resources were valuated. This book aims at investigating and reconstructing the dynamics and the diversity of the sociocultural manifestations on the Iberian Peninsula in relation to the use of resources in a comprehensive way during the Chalcolithic. In general regional overviews and detailed studies of the use of infrastructure, raw materials or social relations the possibilities to identify key resources as factors in these processes are explored.
Weiträumige Kontaktnetzwerke sorgen für Verbreitung und Transfer von Wissen und Gütern sowie von ... more Weiträumige Kontaktnetzwerke sorgen für Verbreitung und Transfer von Wissen und Gütern sowie von kulturellen Werten. Der Transport von Lasten und Menschen kann als einer der wichtigsten Eckpfeiler solcher Austauschsysteme gesehen werden. Daher dürften die Suche nach Transportmöglichkeiten und die Entwicklung geeigneter Vehikel in der menschlichen Gedankenwelt seit jeher fest verankert sein. Die hier vorliegenden Beiträge basieren auf den Vorträgen der Tagung „Transporte, Transportwege und Transportstrukturen“ der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Bronzezeit und des Sonderforschungsbereiches 1070 RessourcenKulturen. Sie fassen im archäologischen Befund der Bronzezeit vorhandene Evidenzen zu Transportwegen und -fahrzeugen sowie Aussagen zu Infrastruktur nicht nur zusammen, sondern ergänzen diese um zahlreiche wissenswerte Aspekte.
Was können diese Befunde über die Transportvehikel und ihre Bedeutung aussagen? Welche Eigenschaften wiesen diese auf? Handelt es sich bei den Fundstücken um abgenutzte oder mutwillig zerstörte Fahrzeuge bzw. Teile von solchen? Welche Implikationen auf technologischer und sozialer Ebene lassen sich mit den Befunden verbinden? Wie muss man sich die bronzezeitliche Infrastruktur in unterschiedlichen Regionen vorstellen? Inwiefern bildeten Verkehrswege und Austausch eine Ressource? Der detaillierten Beantwortung dieser Fragen ist dieser Band gewidmet, woraus eine übergreifende Zusammenschau von Funden, Befunden und Theorien entstanden ist.
This volume contains the conference contributions of scientists of the SFB 1070 presented at the ... more This volume contains the conference contributions of scientists of the SFB 1070 presented at the conference 'Waters as a Resource', which was organized in cooperation with DEGUWA (Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Unterwasserarchäologie e.V.) and took place in Tübingen from March 15th to 18th 2018. The conference proceedings focus on different resources provided by waters or on the ResourceComplexes connected to them. After a brief reflection on theories and methods used within the SFB 1070 to study and understand resources, conceptions of water bodies in cultural anthropology and archaeology are compared using the examples of the Guadalquivir and Syr Darya Rivers. The third contribution investigates water management on islands and its influences on the identity of the islanders. The fourth chapter shows how seclusion on islands can be an important resource for island communities in the Strait of Sicily. Waters as means for identity formation in medieval monasteries is the focus of the fifth chapter, which is followed by a contribution that investigates the impact of maritime food sources on Viking Life. The last study analyses Greek settlements in the Black Sea. All contributions illustrate how a new perspective on resources opens up new possibilities for interpretation.
Landscapes bear traces of the use of resources over long periods. These reflect not only ways of ... more Landscapes bear traces of the use of resources over long periods. These reflect not only ways of using, shaping, organising, controlling and exchanging resources, but also knowledge, perceptions, motivations for actions and related social dynamics. Resources can be material as well as immaterial and constitute the basis for the development and decline of societies. They are usually not exploited in isolation, but as parts of complexes whose specific constellation in time and space can be best described as assemblages. This topic was the subject of the session ‘Human-Made Environments: The Development of Landscapes as Resource Assemblages’ held at the 24th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists (Barcelona, 5–8 September 2018) and forms the basis of this volume. The general purpose is a debate on new concepts of the interrelation of social dynamics and resource use and a discussion of case studies in which landscapes were shaped to facilitate the utilisation of resources. The identification of what has been considered to be a resource is discussed as well as the means through which the corresponding landscapes were transformed and the results of these transformations. This implies not only material, but also spiritual aspects linked to the exploitation of resources. Since ResourceAssemblages are products of historical evolution and mutual relations the mechanisms of these processes are of great significance. Supreme aspects comprise the detection of a conscious human formation of landscapes in order to suit the exploitation of resources, the connected social practices as well as socio-cultural dynamics linked to the use of resources.
Resources form the basis of the existence of societies. They can be material and immaterial, and ... more Resources form the basis of the existence of societies. They can be material and immaterial, and their character is culturally shaped. Resources are usually not used in isolation, but in combination with other resources – as ResourceAssemblages that can change over time as a result of complex relationships. Dealing with such Resource- Assemblages shapes cultural landscapes in which social groups have their base and organise, shape and control these landscapes in a specifi c, culturally formed way according to the existing circumstances. This volume focuses on the current state of research on resource use in the Bronze Age in the south of the Iberian Peninsula with a temporal perspective up to the present time. Short-term and long-term trends of landscape design to facilitate the utilisation of resources will be discussed as well as the interrelation of social dynamics and resource use.
Lead isotope analyses of Early Bronze Age metal artefacts from the Aunjetitz (Únĕtice) culture in... more Lead isotope analyses of Early Bronze Age metal artefacts from the Aunjetitz (Únĕtice) culture in central Germany and Bohemia were determined in order to find out whether they could be related to ore sources of the Erzgebirge. Historical mining began only in the 12th century ad, but despite the lack of convincing field evidence it has frequently been suspected that this region was already being exploited in prehistoric times. For the determination of the lead isotope ratios, the new technique of multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) was employed, which combines relatively easy sample preparation with highly precise and accurate measurements. The results show that there is still no evidence for prehistoric mining in the Erzgebirge, but the Rammelsberg deposit in the Harz Mountains might have supplied some of the copper. Mining of stream tin in the Erzgebirge remains a possibility, but no positive evidence can be extracted from the data.
This volume is a collection of contributions to the international and interdisciplinary
Conferenc... more This volume is a collection of contributions to the international and interdisciplinary Conferences ‘Developments – Movements – Valuations’ from November 6th to 9th 2014 and ‘ResourceCultures – Theories, Methods, Perspectives’ from November 16th to 19th 2015 at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen organised by the collaborative research centre ‘SFB 1070 ResourceCultures – Sociocultural Dynamics in the Use of Resources’. It includes comprehensive papers about theories, approaches and concepts for the exploration of ResourceCultures, applying a diachronic and interdisciplinary perspective according to the vision of the SFB. International experts from a variety of different disciplines present case studies, examining ResourceCultures from the very beginning of human history until the present in a wide variety of cultural contexts. Thus, they demonstrate the manifold facets of ‘resources’ as a category for scientific analysis.
The Iberian Peninsula displays extreme geographic and climatic differences, resulting in very dif... more The Iberian Peninsula displays extreme geographic and climatic differences, resulting in very different local preconditions. To what extent are these responsible for the heterogeneous social and cultural development in different regions observable during the 3 rd mill. BC? To answer this question it is necessary to identify what was considered to be a resource and to determine how these resources were valuated. This book aims at investigating and reconstructing the dynamics and the diversity of the sociocultural manifestations on the Iberian Peninsula in relation to the use of resources in a comprehensive way during the Chalcolithic. In general regional overviews and detailed studies of the use of infrastructure, raw materials or social relations the possibilities to identify key resources as factors in these processes are explored.
Weiträumige Kontaktnetzwerke sorgen für Verbreitung und Transfer von Wissen und Gütern sowie von ... more Weiträumige Kontaktnetzwerke sorgen für Verbreitung und Transfer von Wissen und Gütern sowie von kulturellen Werten. Der Transport von Lasten und Menschen kann als einer der wichtigsten Eckpfeiler solcher Austauschsysteme gesehen werden. Daher dürften die Suche nach Transportmöglichkeiten und die Entwicklung geeigneter Vehikel in der menschlichen Gedankenwelt seit jeher fest verankert sein. Die hier vorliegenden Beiträge basieren auf den Vorträgen der Tagung „Transporte, Transportwege und Transportstrukturen“ der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Bronzezeit und des Sonderforschungsbereiches 1070 RessourcenKulturen. Sie fassen im archäologischen Befund der Bronzezeit vorhandene Evidenzen zu Transportwegen und -fahrzeugen sowie Aussagen zu Infrastruktur nicht nur zusammen, sondern ergänzen diese um zahlreiche wissenswerte Aspekte.
Was können diese Befunde über die Transportvehikel und ihre Bedeutung aussagen? Welche Eigenschaften wiesen diese auf? Handelt es sich bei den Fundstücken um abgenutzte oder mutwillig zerstörte Fahrzeuge bzw. Teile von solchen? Welche Implikationen auf technologischer und sozialer Ebene lassen sich mit den Befunden verbinden? Wie muss man sich die bronzezeitliche Infrastruktur in unterschiedlichen Regionen vorstellen? Inwiefern bildeten Verkehrswege und Austausch eine Ressource? Der detaillierten Beantwortung dieser Fragen ist dieser Band gewidmet, woraus eine übergreifende Zusammenschau von Funden, Befunden und Theorien entstanden ist.
This volume contains the conference contributions of scientists of the SFB 1070 presented at the ... more This volume contains the conference contributions of scientists of the SFB 1070 presented at the conference 'Waters as a Resource', which was organized in cooperation with DEGUWA (Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Unterwasserarchäologie e.V.) and took place in Tübingen from March 15th to 18th 2018. The conference proceedings focus on different resources provided by waters or on the ResourceComplexes connected to them. After a brief reflection on theories and methods used within the SFB 1070 to study and understand resources, conceptions of water bodies in cultural anthropology and archaeology are compared using the examples of the Guadalquivir and Syr Darya Rivers. The third contribution investigates water management on islands and its influences on the identity of the islanders. The fourth chapter shows how seclusion on islands can be an important resource for island communities in the Strait of Sicily. Waters as means for identity formation in medieval monasteries is the focus of the fifth chapter, which is followed by a contribution that investigates the impact of maritime food sources on Viking Life. The last study analyses Greek settlements in the Black Sea. All contributions illustrate how a new perspective on resources opens up new possibilities for interpretation.
Landscapes bear traces of the use of resources over long periods. These reflect not only ways of ... more Landscapes bear traces of the use of resources over long periods. These reflect not only ways of using, shaping, organising, controlling and exchanging resources, but also knowledge, perceptions, motivations for actions and related social dynamics. Resources can be material as well as immaterial and constitute the basis for the development and decline of societies. They are usually not exploited in isolation, but as parts of complexes whose specific constellation in time and space can be best described as assemblages. This topic was the subject of the session ‘Human-Made Environments: The Development of Landscapes as Resource Assemblages’ held at the 24th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists (Barcelona, 5–8 September 2018) and forms the basis of this volume. The general purpose is a debate on new concepts of the interrelation of social dynamics and resource use and a discussion of case studies in which landscapes were shaped to facilitate the utilisation of resources. The identification of what has been considered to be a resource is discussed as well as the means through which the corresponding landscapes were transformed and the results of these transformations. This implies not only material, but also spiritual aspects linked to the exploitation of resources. Since ResourceAssemblages are products of historical evolution and mutual relations the mechanisms of these processes are of great significance. Supreme aspects comprise the detection of a conscious human formation of landscapes in order to suit the exploitation of resources, the connected social practices as well as socio-cultural dynamics linked to the use of resources.
Resources form the basis of the existence of societies. They can be material and immaterial, and ... more Resources form the basis of the existence of societies. They can be material and immaterial, and their character is culturally shaped. Resources are usually not used in isolation, but in combination with other resources – as ResourceAssemblages that can change over time as a result of complex relationships. Dealing with such Resource- Assemblages shapes cultural landscapes in which social groups have their base and organise, shape and control these landscapes in a specifi c, culturally formed way according to the existing circumstances. This volume focuses on the current state of research on resource use in the Bronze Age in the south of the Iberian Peninsula with a temporal perspective up to the present time. Short-term and long-term trends of landscape design to facilitate the utilisation of resources will be discussed as well as the interrelation of social dynamics and resource use.
Lead isotope analyses of Early Bronze Age metal artefacts from the Aunjetitz (Únĕtice) culture in... more Lead isotope analyses of Early Bronze Age metal artefacts from the Aunjetitz (Únĕtice) culture in central Germany and Bohemia were determined in order to find out whether they could be related to ore sources of the Erzgebirge. Historical mining began only in the 12th century ad, but despite the lack of convincing field evidence it has frequently been suspected that this region was already being exploited in prehistoric times. For the determination of the lead isotope ratios, the new technique of multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) was employed, which combines relatively easy sample preparation with highly precise and accurate measurements. The results show that there is still no evidence for prehistoric mining in the Erzgebirge, but the Rammelsberg deposit in the Harz Mountains might have supplied some of the copper. Mining of stream tin in the Erzgebirge remains a possibility, but no positive evidence can be extracted from the data.
Se han documentado más de 700 objetos de plata de la cultura argárica del Bronce Medio. Esta cifr... more Se han documentado más de 700 objetos de plata de la cultura argárica del Bronce Medio. Esta cifra contrasta con la realidad europea del II milenio AC, donde la plata es muy escasa. Esto se ha explicado tradicionalmente por la dificultad de extraer plata de minerales complejos mediante la técnica de copelación y la relativa abundancia de plata nativa y cloruros de plata fácilmente accesibles en el sur de la Península Ibérica. Sin embargo, hasta ahora el uso de plata nativa en la Edad del Bronce ibérica se ha deducido principalmente por falta de evidencias de copelación. Los resultados de análisis traza de una serie de objetos de plata de varios yacimientos argáricos suministran por primera vez una evidencia directa del uso de plata nativa. Los análisis de isótopos de plomo demuestran que la mayoría de los objetos no procede de ninguno de los distritos mineros conocidos y caracterizados.
Harald Meller, H.; Risch, R. and Pernicka, E. (eds.) Metals of power - Early gold and silver , 2014
The use of silver in south-eastern Iberia during the Bronze Age (c. 225o–145o cal BC) is conspicu... more The use of silver in south-eastern Iberia during the Bronze Age (c. 225o–145o cal BC) is conspicuous in the so-called El Argar Culture. Trace elements detected in the compositional analyses of the objects coupled with the absence of cupellation residue reveal that native silver or silver chlorides (mainly cerargyrite) were used as resources.
In this paper we present all the Iberian deposits of native silver or silver chlorides and discuss their accessibility in prehistoric times as well as their compositional characterisation by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analyses and a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). A first approach towards the definition of their isotopic fields by lead isotope analyses (LIA) is also presented. LIA were conducted using an inductively coupled plasma multi-collector mass spectrometer (ICP-MC-MS).
Klaus Schmidt who, sadly, passed away 20th July 2014 at the age of 60, was the director of excava... more Klaus Schmidt who, sadly, passed away 20th July 2014 at the age of 60, was the director of excavations at the famous early monument site of Göbekli Tepe in south-eastern Turkey for many years. He studied Prehistoric Archaeology at the Universities of Erlangen and Heidelberg (Germany) where he spent many years taking part in several tell site excavation projects (such as Norşuntepe, NevalıÇori and LıdarHöyük) led by his teacher Harald Hauptmann in Eastern Turkey. This involvement became crucial for his professional interests, which were focused on the development of the Neolithic in the Fertile Crescent. He then started his career in Heidelberg, working on projects on the Neolithic of south-eastern Turkey, mainly that of NevalıÇori, north of Sanliurfa, which was run jointly by the German Archaeological Institute and the Sanliurfa Museum. This Pre Pottery Neolithic (PPN) B site revealed fine examples of stone sculptures that were arranged inside a special building forming a pictorial programme and by this allowing insights into the perception of nature and the spiritual world of its inhabitants as early farmers.
In Bronze Age Cyprus, fortifications are only known from the beginning of Late Cypriote I (17th c... more In Bronze Age Cyprus, fortifications are only known from the beginning of Late Cypriote I (17th century BC) onwards, after previously only open settlements existed. In the first phase of the construction of these fortifications they had no uniform character, while later in the 13th century BC (Late Cypriote IIC), like in the Levant, they served primarily to secure settlements with a character of economic and administrative centres. Castles as enwalled noble residences are generally unknown in the Bronze Age of Cyprus.
Dietary reconstructions are key to understanding past patterns of subsistence, which inform about... more Dietary reconstructions are key to understanding past patterns of subsistence, which inform about population dynamics and the socio-cultural characteristics of different communities. Food preparation and consumption are basic elements in human life, and have left a large variety of traces in the archaeological record. By studying these remains we can gain considerable knowledge about dietary practices in antiquity. This Palaeodietary Workshop is aimed at PhD and Master students carrying out research in the fields of Archaeology and Archaeological Science. The workshop will offer an intense week of exploring cutting-edge scientific techniques to the study of ancient diets. Lectures, demonstrations and practicals will be given by specialists in the fields of: Archaeozoology, Microwear Analysis, Archaeobotany, Plant Microremains, Pyrotechnology, Stable Isotope Analysis, Lipid Residue Analysis, Protein Analysis and DNA studies. Application deadline: 1 st September, 2017 Palaeodietary Workshop registration fee: 60€ We are able to contribute 360€ towards accommodation costs for 10 PhD students. Please indicate in the application form if you would like to be considered for this, together with a short justification.
Este encuentro se enmarca dentro de los actos de celebración del Centenario de las primeras excav... more Este encuentro se enmarca dentro de los actos de celebración del Centenario de las primeras excavaciones francesas en el emblemático yacimiento de Baelo Claudia (Tarifa, Cádiz).
Las cuatro campañas, llevadas a cabo entre 1917 y 1921, reúnen un equipo internacional de investigadores: financiados por l’École des hautes études hispaniques, integrada en el Institut français d’Espagne situado en Madrid, y por una subvención del hispanista americano Archer Milton Huntington, fundador de The Hispanic Society of America, los trabajos quedan bajo la dirección científica del francés Pierre Paris, secundado por el franco-británico George Edward Bonsor, responsable de las operaciones de campo, y por el español Cayetano Mergelina y Luna.
Partiendo de esta base, el presente coloquio pretende poner el acento sobre este espíritu de cooperación científica internacional, especialmente francesa y alemana, que anima la investigación en la Península Ibérica desde finales del siglo XIX. La construcción y la consolidación de la arqueología peninsular serán analizadas desde el prisma de las relaciones internacionales de 1880 hasta nuestros días.
Se evocarán, una tras otra, las aventuras científicas de los primeros aventureros científicos, la profesionalización y la especialización de los investigadores nacionales y extranjeros, las rivalidades, pero también la solidaridad científica en medio de los acontecimientos macro-políticos que sacudieron Europa en la primera mitad del siglo XX, la puesta al día y la identificación de nuevas culturas del pasado, la constitución de un aparato institucional para gestionar el ámbito arqueológico en España, con la creación en paralelo de institutos de investigación extranjeros, la apertura de nuevos frentes arqueológicos como la arqueología islámica en los años 1960 hasta programas de investigación internacionales, cuyo actual refuerzo conduce a la construcción de una red científica a escala mundial donde se entremezclan operaciones de campo, formación de jóvenes y publicaciones.
Bartelheim, M.; Bueno Ramírez, P. and Kunst, M. (eds.): Key Resources and Socio-Cultural Developments in the Iberian Chalcolithic, 257-272. Tübingen. University of Tübingen., 2017
"As part of a research project looking at the use of resources in Chalcolithic settlements in the... more "As part of a research project looking at the use of resources in Chalcolithic settlements in the region surrounding the site of Valencina de la Concepción, in the lower Guadalquivir Basin (Seville province, SW Spain) a new site named La Loma del Real Tesoro (henceforth LRT) is being investigated. It consists of two different sectors with LRT-I measuring 6ha and LRT-II 8ha. In 2015 and 2016 LRT-II was investigated by means of surface survey, geophysical survey, geomorphological core drilling and targeted archaeological excavation. This study has led to the discovery of a major complex including six ditched enclosures, four of which are arranged in concentric fashion. This paper presents the preliminary results of this fieldwork, providing a basic description of the site within the context of other known ditched enclosures and ditched sites along the Guadalquivir River Valley. The study of material culture and organic remains, still under way, shows an abundant presence of ceramics, lithics, green stones, faunal remains and some isolated human remains, suggesting a complex pattern of use for this settlement."
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Books by Martin Bartelheim
Conferences ‘Developments – Movements – Valuations’ from November 6th to 9th
2014 and ‘ResourceCultures – Theories, Methods, Perspectives’ from November 16th
to 19th 2015 at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen organised by the collaborative
research centre ‘SFB 1070 ResourceCultures – Sociocultural Dynamics in the Use of
Resources’. It includes comprehensive papers about theories, approaches and concepts
for the exploration of ResourceCultures, applying a diachronic and interdisciplinary
perspective according to the vision of the SFB. International experts from a variety of
different disciplines present case studies, examining ResourceCultures from the very
beginning of human history until the present in a wide variety of cultural contexts.
Thus, they demonstrate the manifold facets of ‘resources’ as a category for scientific
analysis.
Was können diese Befunde über die Transportvehikel und ihre Bedeutung aussagen? Welche Eigenschaften wiesen diese auf? Handelt es sich bei den Fundstücken um abgenutzte oder mutwillig zerstörte Fahrzeuge bzw. Teile von solchen? Welche Implikationen auf technologischer und sozialer Ebene lassen sich mit den Befunden verbinden? Wie muss man sich die bronzezeitliche Infrastruktur in unterschiedlichen Regionen vorstellen? Inwiefern bildeten Verkehrswege und Austausch eine Ressource? Der detaillierten Beantwortung dieser Fragen ist dieser Band gewidmet, woraus eine übergreifende Zusammenschau von Funden, Befunden und Theorien entstanden ist.
Papers by Martin Bartelheim
Conferences ‘Developments – Movements – Valuations’ from November 6th to 9th
2014 and ‘ResourceCultures – Theories, Methods, Perspectives’ from November 16th
to 19th 2015 at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen organised by the collaborative
research centre ‘SFB 1070 ResourceCultures – Sociocultural Dynamics in the Use of
Resources’. It includes comprehensive papers about theories, approaches and concepts
for the exploration of ResourceCultures, applying a diachronic and interdisciplinary
perspective according to the vision of the SFB. International experts from a variety of
different disciplines present case studies, examining ResourceCultures from the very
beginning of human history until the present in a wide variety of cultural contexts.
Thus, they demonstrate the manifold facets of ‘resources’ as a category for scientific
analysis.
Was können diese Befunde über die Transportvehikel und ihre Bedeutung aussagen? Welche Eigenschaften wiesen diese auf? Handelt es sich bei den Fundstücken um abgenutzte oder mutwillig zerstörte Fahrzeuge bzw. Teile von solchen? Welche Implikationen auf technologischer und sozialer Ebene lassen sich mit den Befunden verbinden? Wie muss man sich die bronzezeitliche Infrastruktur in unterschiedlichen Regionen vorstellen? Inwiefern bildeten Verkehrswege und Austausch eine Ressource? Der detaillierten Beantwortung dieser Fragen ist dieser Band gewidmet, woraus eine übergreifende Zusammenschau von Funden, Befunden und Theorien entstanden ist.
con la realidad europea del II milenio AC, donde la plata es muy escasa. Esto se ha explicado tradicionalmente por la dificultad de extraer plata de minerales complejos mediante la técnica de copelación y la relativa abundancia de plata nativa y cloruros de plata fácilmente accesibles en el sur de la Península Ibérica. Sin embargo, hasta ahora el uso de plata nativa en la Edad del Bronce ibérica se ha deducido principalmente por falta de evidencias de copelación.
Los resultados de análisis traza de una serie de objetos de plata de varios yacimientos argáricos suministran por primera vez una evidencia directa del uso de plata nativa. Los análisis de isótopos de plomo demuestran que la mayoría de los objetos no procede de ninguno de los distritos mineros conocidos y caracterizados.
In this paper we present all the Iberian deposits of native silver or silver chlorides and discuss their accessibility in prehistoric times as well as their compositional characterisation by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analyses and a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). A first approach towards the definition of their isotopic fields by lead isotope analyses (LIA) is also presented. LIA were conducted using an inductively coupled plasma multi-collector mass spectrometer (ICP-MC-MS).
Las cuatro campañas, llevadas a cabo entre 1917 y 1921, reúnen un equipo internacional de investigadores: financiados por l’École des hautes études hispaniques, integrada en el Institut français d’Espagne situado en Madrid, y por una subvención del hispanista americano Archer Milton Huntington, fundador de The Hispanic Society of America, los trabajos quedan bajo la dirección científica del francés Pierre Paris, secundado por el franco-británico George Edward Bonsor, responsable de las operaciones de campo, y por el español Cayetano Mergelina y Luna.
Partiendo de esta base, el presente coloquio pretende poner el acento sobre este espíritu de cooperación científica internacional, especialmente francesa y alemana, que anima la investigación en la Península Ibérica desde finales del siglo XIX. La construcción y la consolidación de la arqueología peninsular serán analizadas desde el prisma de las relaciones internacionales de 1880 hasta nuestros días.
Se evocarán, una tras otra, las aventuras científicas de los primeros aventureros científicos, la profesionalización y la especialización de los investigadores nacionales y extranjeros, las rivalidades, pero también la solidaridad científica en medio de los acontecimientos macro-políticos que sacudieron Europa en la primera mitad del siglo XX, la puesta al día y la identificación de nuevas culturas del pasado, la constitución de un aparato institucional para gestionar el ámbito arqueológico en España, con la creación en paralelo de institutos de investigación extranjeros, la apertura de nuevos frentes arqueológicos como la arqueología islámica en los años 1960 hasta programas de investigación internacionales, cuyo actual refuerzo conduce a la construcción de una red científica a escala mundial donde se entremezclan operaciones de campo, formación de jóvenes y publicaciones.