Ibrahim muhammad

Nigeria has recently joined the many states which have established de-radicalisation programmes with the aim of re-integrating former combatants and reducing the risk of recidivism. The study engages with debates on how the success of de-radicalisation can be ascertained through the Islamic perspectives. The study argues that re-integration into ideational contexts which are influenced by a radical milieu risks rendering de-radicalisation efforts as counter-productive and being a cause of recidivism. Conversely, de-radicalisation programmes in ideational contexts which are influenced by a referent milieu aligned with state forces, such as in Nigeria, function to overcome community resistance to re-integration. De-radicalisation programmes provide former combatants with ‘scripts’ of disengagement and function as a brand, signalling to communities that former combatants have repented and are ‘better citizens, imbued with genuine nationalism’ that resonate with local communities. Thus community resistance to re-integrating former combatants in Nigeria is the context in which de-radicalisation programmes can be, paradoxically, more successful as communicative strategies of resolving community tensions. The article makes a conceptual contribution to de-radicalisation studies by broadening what constitutes success in de-radicalisation away from recidivism reduction and by placing greater focus on the implications of social relations with radical milieus and referent milieus on the efficacy of de-radicalisation. This study adopted mixed method. This is the combination of qualitative and quantitative approached. The study found that the concept of de-radicalisation is still new and this can be achieved through the collaboration of Islamic scholars by teaching and preaching to the ex-combatants.

ABSTRACT
The overview of this beautiful work will result in analyzing the practice of Gender Equality in both Islamic and Western perspective from within the Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Borno State. In practice, the concept of absolute gender equality does not exist, never existed and perhaps will never exist. Even if it exists only Islamic low recognized the equality of man and woman mainly in the spiritual area (man-God relationship).    Islam while treating both man and woman as human beings has taken their natural differences into account in differencing roles each can play and alleging functions to each sex. Therefore, to talk of equality between man and woman is not even realistic.

At first glance, the subject of Islamic influence on the Dukku people toward the attitude of marriage seem easy to write about, but it is, infact extremely difficult. No previous researcher, either early or modern, has compiled any work dealing specifically with this topic. And if there is, I couldn’t find any to lay my hands on. I personally conducted oral interview with the people of the area and others. Dukku’s people like any other tribal groups, have differed in defining the scope variety and causes of taboo and prohibition, most of which were a product of their primitive beliefs, culture and civic. The researcher therefore, focuses on certain laws and injunctions of Islam, especially, those that deal with marriage and it impact on marital status and custom of the Aborigine people in Dukku. The researcher’s zeal to expose readers to the field of the Muslim elite marital system in the society. The researcher’s zeal to expose readers to the field of the Muslim elite marital system in the society. Historically, Gombe State is a fusion of two distinct groups of people, comprising the Emirate of Gombe North and ethnic grouping of Gombe South. Bubayaro established the Emirate during the Jihad period of 1800. The major cash crops produced in the area include, cotton, bean, groundnut while the major food crops under production include millet, guinea corn, maize and rice also small quantity of wheat is produced during` dry season. Correlation analysis revealed that the spring of children is random. Women give birth to most of their children before reaching thirty years. The survival of the children depends on their health and nutritional status.

This research title, the effect of non Muslim culture on some Muslims families (a case study of Maiduguri police barracks). The research has been carried out from the following methods, through participants, interviews of some Police officers and observations.
In the introduction the (chapter one) the term Islam and Muslim has been clearly defined, the historical background of the Nigerian police force, statement of the problem, aim and objectives, significance of the study, scope and limitation and methodology were applied in it.
In chapter two, literature review, scholars view on culture and marriage in Islam were discussed based on scholastic views.
In chapter three, the effects of cultural diffusion within Muslim families, the position of imitating of non Muslim culture and the solutions and the way out to the problem were explained fully.
In the final chapter, Summary, conclusion and recommendation were in place.

الإهداء
أهدي ثواب هذا العمل إلى والديَّ الذين قاما ولم يزالا بتربيتي تربية إسلامية وقضيا ولم يزالا يقضيان كل ما في وسعهما لتحقيق تمنياتي وهما: مالم أبه آدم علي
والأم الحنون فاطمة علي تَسَمَــا
وإلى الشهداء الذين قتلوا في بلوى بوكو حرام الظلمة في باما وسائر بلاد برنو

Bee products have been used since ancient times to treat many diseases, including respiratory ailments. The present study aimed to examine the modulatory effect of honey, royal jelly, and propolis extract on peripheral blood leukocytes and lung inflammation in a mouse conalbumin-induced asthma model. The mice in group I were not sensitised or treated; they were kept as controls. The mice in group II were sensitised and challenged with conalbumin. Twenty-four hours after the first challenge with antigen, the mice in group III received 0.5 mg/kg of dexamethasone intraperitoneally per day for 18 consecutive days and kept as positive controls. The mice in groups IV, V, and VI received 650, 1000, and 30 mg/kg of honey, royal jelly, and propolis (aqueous and ethanolic extract), respectively, once per day for 18 consecutive days. Blood was collected from all of the mice for white blood cell differentiation, and the lungs were removed for histopathological studies. The groups treated with propolis extract exhibited considerable ameliorative effects against asthma, which might be explained by the flavonoids and phenolics found in propolis, which might have antioxidative effects. Otherwise, the sensitised and honey- or royal jelly-treated groups exhibited an increased incidence of asthma cascade events due to increased inflammatory cells. These results might be due to the immunostimulatory and vasodilatory effects of royal jelly and honey, which are antagonistic to bronchial asthma cases. Histopathological examination revealed that the sensitised treated propolis extract groups had significant decreases in inflammatory scores compared with other treatments and the sensitised untreated group. These results confirmed the previous data of peripheral blood cells.

En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto de diferentes niveles de cobertura arbórea (<8%, 10-17%, >23%) en potreros, el estado de lactancia (menos de 3 meses y más de 5 meses) y la época del año (seca y lluviosa) sobre el tiempo dedicado por vacas doble propósito a cinco actividades (pastoreo, rumia, estar parada, caminar y estar acostada); así como sobre indicadores fisiológicos del estrés calórico como son la temperatura rectal (TR) y la frecuencia respiratoria (FR). Las vacas utilizadas correspondieron a cruces Bos taurus × Bos indicus. Se utilizó un diseño experimental con estructura de parcelas sub-divididas en el tiempo, donde el arreglo factorial de época del año × nivel de cobertura fue la parcela principal, el estado de lactancia la sub-parcela y el período del día la sub-subparcela. El experimento se desarrolló en el Municipio de Belén (Rivas, Nicaragua), con un clima sub-húmedo, con un período seco de cinco meses (enero a mayo). El ensayo cubrió parte de la época ...

U. pilulifera has been used by people to treat various diseases including diabetes. There is a need to study cellular mechanisms associated with U. pilulifera. The purpose of the present study was to study the effects of the extract of U. pilulifera on the expression of HSP70 in the kidneys of diabetic rats. U. pilulifera was collected from various places in Jordan, air dried and extracted by Soxhlet cold extractor using absolute methanol as solvent and remained for three consecutive days. Extracted juice was kept in refrigerator at 4°C. Diabetes was induced through administration of alloxan 150 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. Study model included 4 groups: control group, diabetic group, diabetic group treated with 1.25 mg/kg body weight, and diabetic group treated with 1.88 mg/kg body weight. Study findings showed that diabetes lowered the expression of HSP70 significantly (P 0.000) compared with control group in kidneys. Treatment with either dose of U. pilulifera increased t...

A survey of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) species was conducted in water bodies of West Lake in China. A total of 670 bacterial isolates were recovered on selective media. Out of them, 39.6% (265 isolates) were assigned to the following species: Burkholderia multivorans, Burkholderia cenocepacia recA lineage IIIA, IIIB, Burkholderia stabilis, Burkholderia vietnamiensis, and Burkholderia seminalis while B. cenocepacia is documented as a dominant Bcc species in water of West Lake. In addition, all Bcc isolates tested were PCR negative for the cblA and esmR transmissibility marker genes except B. cenocepacia IIIB A8 which was positive for esmR genelater. The present study raises great concerns on the role of West Lake as a "reservoir" for potential Bcc pathogenic strains.

ABSTRACT Computational modeling of cubic zirconia Nano sheet was conducted in order to determine relevant geometrical parameters required for further analysis and as precursor for generation of nanotubes. The task was achieved with better output by expansion of primitive cell to higher axial range in comparison to surface cleaving of zirconia super cells on 111 miller indices using Crstalmaker. The single layered Nano sheet formed is composed of hexagonal units made from bonds of zirconium and oxygen atoms. Output from the optimized structure of the nano sheet was used to obtain geometrical details for the hexagonal unit and Zr-O bond. Models were produced for (5,0), (5,5), (10,0) and (10,10) nano sheets and also for those to be used to produce zirconia nanotubes with the specific configurations. The nanosheets obtained can be exported with atomic coordinates and subsequently used as models for rolling zirconia nanotubes and simulation of required properties such as structural/mechanical, thermal, electronic, optical and others.

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds; and may His blessings and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad and upon all his Family and Companions.
    first of all we pray to Allah to make it easy for you to read Quran and obtain its reward. Allah the Almighty says, "Indeed, this Quran guides to that which is most suitable." (Al  Israa: 9).
It is not unknown to anyone the merits of reciting and memorising the Quran. There are many Ayas and Hadiths that highlight this fact, examples of which are:

Insurance in Islam is essentially a concept of mutual help. Insurance business under conventional system is based on uncertainty, which is prohibited in Islamic society under Islamic principles. So there is need to clear the difference between the conventional insurance and the Islamic insurance. A rich literature also describes such differences but the present article addresses the differences based on conceptual and operational framework.

In the name of Allah, Most Merciful, Bestower of Mercy All Praise is due to Allah, We praise Him and we seek help from Him. We ask forgiveness from Him. We repent to Him; and we seek refuge in Him from our own evils and our own bad deeds. Anyone who is guided by Allah, is truly guided; and anyone who has been left astray, will find no one to guide him. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, the Only One without any partner; and I bear witness that Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) is His servant, and His Messenger. O You who believe,-be aware of Allah, with correct awareness, and die not except as Muslims. O You who believe,-Be aware of Allah, and speak a straightforward word. He will forgive your sins and repair your deeds. And whoever takes Allah and His Prophet as a guide, has already achieved a mighty victory. O mankind! Show reverence towards your Guardian-Lord Who created you from a single person, created, of like nature, his mate and from the two of them scattered (like seeds) countless men and women;-Be conscious of Allah, through Whom you demand your mutual (rights) and (show reverence towards) the wombs (that bore you): for surely, Allah ever watches over you.

In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful Brothers and Sisters! World Food Day is a day of action dedicated to tackling global hunger. Held annually on 16th October, people from around the world come together to declare their commitment to eradicate worldwide hunger from our lifetime. Celebrating the creation of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), events are organized in over 150 countries across the world, making it one of the most celebrated days of the United Nation's calendar. These events promote worldwide awareness and action for those who suffer from hunger and for the need to ensure food security and nutritious diets for all. The focus of the day is that food is a basic and fundamental human right. Yet, in a world of billions, 870 million people worldwide live with chronic hunger, according to the United Nations World Food Program, 60% women and almost five million children under the age of five die of malnutrition-related causes every day.

Verily, all praise is for Allah, we seek His help and His forgiveness. We seek refuge with Allah from the evil of our own souls [and from our bad deeds. Whomsoever Allah guides will never be led astray, and whomsoever Allah leaves astray, no one can guide. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, [alone and without any partner] and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger.

All praise is for Allah. We praise Him, seek His aid and forgiveness. We further repent to Him and seek refuge with Him from the evil of ourselves and from our wrongdoings. Whomever Allah guides none can lead astray, and whoever Allah misguides none can guide him. I bear witness that there is no god worthy of worship except Allah Alone, having no partner with him.

Alhamdulillah. Indeed, all praise is due to Allah. We praise Him and seek His help and forgiveness. We seek refuge with Allah from the evil within ourselves and from our wrongdoings. He whom Allah guides, no one can misguide; and he whom He misguides, no one can guide.

All praise is due to Allah, we praise Him, seek His aid and His Forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evils of our souls and the evils of our actions. Whomsoever Allah guides there is none to misguide and whomsoever Allah misguides there is none to guide.

Alhamdulillah. Indeed, all praise is due to Allah. We praise Him and seek His help and forgiveness. We seek refuge with Allah from the evil within ourselves and from our wrongdoings. He whom Allah guides, no one can misguide; and he whom He misguides, no one can guide.

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful Alhamdulillah. Indeed, all praise is due to Allah. We praise Him and seek His help and forgiveness. We seek refuge with Allah from the evil within ourselves and from our wrongdoings. He whom Allah guides, no one can misguide; and he whom He misguides, no one can guide.

All Praises are due to Allah, We praise Him, we seek His assistance and we seek His forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evil of ourselves and from our evil deeds. Whomever Allah guides there is none who can misguide him, and whomever Allah misguides there is none who can guide him.

Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim All praise is for Allah, and may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon His Messenger (Peace be upon him), his household and Companions. Brothers and Sisters! Happiness is the only goal on earth that all people without exception are seeking to attain. Believers and unbelievers alike seek to be happy, but each party is using different methods. However, according to Islam, only true and sincere believers can achieve genuine happiness. All forms of happiness attained without a firm and strong belief in Allah, the Almighty, are mere illusions.

Respected Brothers and Sisters! All religions and all societies have given parents an honorable status. From a purely material viewpoint, we find ourselves indebted to our parents, particularly our mother. She not only nourished us in her womb, but went through pain and suffering. She loved us even before we were born. She toiled when we were totally helpless infants. She spent sleepless nights caring for us. Our parents as a team provided for all our needs: physical, educational, psychological, and in many instances, religious, moral, and spiritual. Our indebtedness to our parents is so immense that it is not possible to repay it fully. In lieu of this, it becomes obligatory for us to show the utmost kindness, respect, and obedience to our parents. The position of parents, and the mutual obligations and responsibilities, have been addressed in Islam in great detail. The Qura'nic commandments, as well as the sayings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) guide us in this matter. The parent-child code of behaviour in Islam is unique, since rules were laid down by divine command. References to parents have been made at least 15 times in the Noble Quran. And there are numerous Hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) on this subject.

Brothers and Sisters! Who are evil and misguided scholars? Here is a rule by Imam Ash-Shatibi who said: " Evil and misguided scholars are those who are dangerous to mankind. They are a disease to mankind, and they are those who do not act on their knowledge. " In his book Al-Fawa'id, Ibnul Qayyim gave a parable. He said: "Evil and misguided scholars are like people sitting on the gates of Paradise (Jannah) and calling people to come on in. With their tongues they are saying come on in, come on in, but their actions are saying do not come in. The more they talk to people and tell people to come in, the more their actions say do not listen to us, because if we were indeed truthful then we would have been the first to apply it..." Those Ulama As-Su' (Evil and misguided scholars) appear as though they are guides but they are bandits, may Allah save us and give us refuge from that.

In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful Brothers and Sisters! World Food Day is a day of action dedicated to tackling global hunger. Held annually on 16th October, people from around the world come together to declare their commitment to eradicate worldwide hunger from our lifetime. Celebrating the creation of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), events are organized in over 150 countries across the world, making it one of the most celebrated days of the United Nation's calendar. These events promote worldwide awareness and action for those who suffer from hunger and for the need to ensure food security and nutritious diets for all. The focus of the day is that food is a basic and fundamental human right. Yet, in a world of billions, 870 million people worldwide live with chronic hunger, according to the United Nations World Food Program, 60% women and almost five million children under the age of five die of malnutrition-related causes every day.

My respected people, many times young Muslims decide they want to become scholars and embark on the path of knowledge with little knowledge of what to expect. I was such a youngster who signed up for an " 'alim " course with no idea what an 'alim is or where it would lead me. In order to help my fellow Muslims prepare themselves psychologically and not repeat the mistakes I made, I present to you ten things I feel every student of knowledge must know (in no particular order): 1. A few years of study does not make one a scholar: Too often, young Muslims study a few books or for a few years and then develop a " scholar " complex. They begin to force their opinions on others as if they can't be wrong. They become intolerant to other views, and they write anybody off who disagrees with them as deviant. We need to realize, before we even begin our journey of knowledge, that the sciences of Islam are many and deep; the variety of opinions in fiqh are multiple, and the chances of always being right are slim. I advise all of my fellow young Muslims to tread carefully, keep egos in check, approach differences with the possibility of being wrong, and never forget to say " Allah knows Best. " 2. Manners come first: In the past, most scholars would train their students in good manners before teaching them Islamic knowledge. Parents, too, would encourage their children to learn manners before the Islamic sciences. Sadly, today many institutes do not teach good manners to their students, expecting them to automatically gain them through their study