PurposeThis study investigates the presence of a productivity–quality trade-off in judicial decisions from an organisational standpoint, focusing on the courts as bureaucracies. Applied to the Italian context and focusing on criminal... more
PurposeThis study investigates the presence of a productivity–quality trade-off in judicial decisions from an organisational standpoint, focusing on the courts as bureaucracies. Applied to the Italian context and focusing on criminal courts, the main question addressed is whether or not increasing productivity diminishes decision quality.Design/methodology/approachDirectional distance function (DDF) models were utilised to assess productivity. Two-sample t-tests are then used to compare the quality of efficient and inefficient units in first instance and appeal, with the aim to determine whether a productivity–quality trade-off exists.FindingsThe study’s approach yields results that differ from previous studies. (1) The Italian judicial system is found less efficient. (2) The efficiency of the courts of first instance is relatively uniform. In contrast, there is a difference in efficiency between northern and southern courts of appeal, with northern courts on average being more effi...
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In recent years, analysts’ interest in understanding sustainability as a new and exclusive economic paradigm has been matched by the research for tools that might both promote and hinder it. In particular, innovation has been widely... more
In recent years, analysts’ interest in understanding sustainability as a new and exclusive economic paradigm has been matched by the research for tools that might both promote and hinder it. In particular, innovation has been widely regarded for its beneficial effects on sustainability, whereas corruption has been regarded for its negative implications. This study adds to our understanding of these linkages by revealing that, depending on the nature of the sustainability targets, these important drivers can have varying effects. Therefore, using a sample of Italian firms, through SEM analysis, we estimate two latent variables representing innovation and corruption for their relationship with sustainability in two models, covering two sets of indicators (sustainable industrialization and sustainable employment and labour). Whereas both models’ results indicate that innovation and sustainability have a substantial positive link, the relationship between corruption and sustainability y...
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The aim of this study is to analyse inter-firm corruption and to ascertain whether the proximity of firms engaged in corruption is a significant factor. We draw on transaction cost theory to explore two forms of corrupt exchange... more
The aim of this study is to analyse inter-firm corruption and to ascertain whether the proximity of firms engaged in corruption is a significant factor. We draw on transaction cost theory to explore two forms of corrupt exchange (negotiated vs. productive) and the role of proximity in reducing transaction costs. We obtained original data from the judgements of the Italian Court of Cassation and clustered homogeneous proximities. We then used separate binomial logistic regressions to show how the relation between transaction properties, the consequences for transaction costs and forms of corrupt exchange lead to different outcomes for each subgroup of proximities. The results show that technological and geographical proximity are beneficial to both forms of exchange, leading to a reduction in exchange costs, in much the same way as legal activities. However, unlike legal exchanges, corrupt and in particular productive exchanges do not appear to benefit from social proximity.
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Third sector organizations, like the rest of the economic system, have been heavily affected by the pandemic. The aim of this work is to study resilience and adaptability to crisis in terms of economic results and innovative outcomes of... more
Third sector organizations, like the rest of the economic system, have been heavily affected by the pandemic. The aim of this work is to study resilience and adaptability to crisis in terms of economic results and innovative outcomes of the cooperative business model in the Italian third sector during the COVID pandemic. It uses new evidence from a recent survey on the Italian third sector and consists of two main parts. In the first, the institutionalist literature on contractual failures is assumed as an interpretative key in the comparison between the business model, governance, and routines in social cooperatives versus other non-profit organizations (NPOs) interpreted as third sector entities. In the second, we use the new data from a third sector survey in the Marche region, collected in the late spring of 2021 at the end of the pandemic outbreak. Empirical assumptions concern organizational resilience and adaptation to unexpected negative shocks in cooperatives and other NPOs...
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Road infrastructure safety is a key issue in urban planning for numerous agencies, authorities, central and local administrations, road operators and contractors, in addition to researchers and technology experts. The present study... more
Road infrastructure safety is a key issue in urban planning for numerous agencies, authorities, central and local administrations, road operators and contractors, in addition to researchers and technology experts. The present study describes a theoretical framework and examines coordination models highlighting how the integration between agencies can be developed with a supporting methodology. By means of alert maps derived from the elaboration of DInSAR (differential interferometry synthetic aperture radar) data, the study defines the actors involved, the alert level for each road infrastructure and the rationale for centralized or flexible coordination models. The potential applications of the approach are tested on a case study in Italy, in an area with about 1600 km of roads in Rome. The study aims to promote synergy between the various agencies for more sustainable infrastructure safety planning and governance.
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Abstract: This study investigates crimes committed by Italian mayors as a case of the destructive use of public leadership. Drawing on crime opportunity theory, we propose a theoretical model based on crimes as destructive behaviour,... more
Abstract: This study investigates crimes committed by Italian mayors as a case of the destructive use of public leadership. Drawing on crime opportunity theory, we propose a theoretical model based on crimes as destructive behaviour, considering as internal opportunity factors i) the type of positional power, ii) the type of collusion with followers, and iii) the type of criminal action, in order to define the seriousness of the crimes. The primary data source for the study are the judgments of the Italian Court of Cassation, the highest judicial body below the Constitutional Court. As external opportunity factors, the study focuses on party switching (as a micro factor), collusion with political staff (as a meso factor), and the large size of the municipality (as a macro factor) impacting on the seriousness and the destructiveness of the crimes
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Interdisciplinary approaches are commonly considered to be of value in their own right. In the social sciences, they primarily serve to promote in-depth knowledge, based on the integration of disciplines and the analysis of complex... more
Interdisciplinary approaches are commonly considered to be of value in their own right. In the social sciences, they primarily serve to promote in-depth knowledge, based on the integration of disciplines and the analysis of complex holistic phenomena . This paper examines two hypotheses for interdisciplinary research integrating legal studies with organization theory, while attempting to outline a specific interdisciplinary model based on three criteria: objectives, methods, and results. They concern: a) the Italian case of the liability of the administrator in limited liability companies , where organization theory can contribute to integrate or supplement the interpretation of legal scholars and to assess the effectiveness of the legal provisions; b) the systematic Italian regulation of social enterprise in its particular capitalistic legal form, where legal research can help organization theory in the knowledge of a new organizational form
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The issue of the maintenance of the infrastructure systems (e.g., viaducts, roads, bridges and highways), built some decades ago, is increasingly becoming a central argument. Within this topic, the safety assessment represents a... more
The issue of the maintenance of the infrastructure systems (e.g., viaducts, roads, bridges and highways), built some decades ago, is increasingly becoming a central argument. Within this topic, the safety assessment represents a fundamental as well as basic analysis that underpins a sustainable territorial management of the infrastructure systems. In fact, many structures are often affected by functionality, aging or safety problems and need specific interventions to avoid undesirable impacts in terms of social implications. In addition, the reference stakeholders, in terms of institutions and public actors, play an important role in relation to both the administrative and economic planning procedures. The present study has the preliminary aim to illustrate some possible contributions and improvements to achieve a more sustainable territorial planning, especially for the maintenance of the infrastructure systems. In detail, the present preliminary investigation highlights the possib...
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The aim of this paper is to analyze individual preferences in relation to different job characteristics. This is an important issue in the light of the huge literature in labor economics and human resource management about the impact of... more
The aim of this paper is to analyze individual preferences in relation to different job characteristics. This is an important issue in the light of the huge literature in labor economics and human resource management about the impact of monetary and nonmonetary incentives on understanding workers’ performance and well-being. More specifically, this work considers the case of employees in cooperative credit banks located in Campania; the research is carried out applying a conjoint analysis approach on stated preference data. Novel features of the analysis include the application of this approach to empirical research on worker incentives, particularly in the cooperative sector; and the utilization of a mixed logit model to allow for heterogeneous individual tastes.
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Este libro aborda con gran análisis y cuidado la mafia, su entorno y su empresa, entendida ésta como un código cultural que gira en torno de una organización. La mafia es en toda forma un crimen organizado que desde su origen en Italia... more
Este libro aborda con gran análisis y cuidado la mafia, su entorno y su empresa, entendida ésta como un código cultural que gira en torno de una organización. La mafia es en toda forma un crimen organizado que desde su origen en Italia meridional preserva unas características muy particulares. La obra, por lo tanto, ofrece una imagen precisa de la organización mafiosa y de las actividades de empresa que allí se desarrollan, y centra su estructura en los mecanismos y modalidades del proceso mismo de la mafia. Con lo anterior busca revelar los instrumentos con los cuales la mafia trabaja para enriquecerse y generar en teoría una economía legal. De otra parte, este libro muestra, a través de los conceptos de la literatura organizacional, el crecimiento de las mafias y su fisionomía de empresa, teniendo presente que cada negocio mafioso implica una propia aceptación del estatuto mafioso existente y aplicable a cada clan. De este modo, la mafia crece y prospera, aumentando sus negocios y al mismo tiempo los hombres a su servicio
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According to the idea of safety structures as systemic, we developed a framework that emphasizes how the engagement of all relevant social agents could play an active role in the whole safety performance. The hypothesis of this paper is... more
According to the idea of safety structures as systemic, we developed a framework that emphasizes how the engagement of all relevant social agents could play an active role in the whole safety performance. The hypothesis of this paper is that a systemic approach should imply a precise shift of perspective from a unit of analysis embedded in a general environment, with mutual effects on a given safety performance, to a general analysis of a system where interdependent agents affect system performance. Through the lens of organizational field theory, safety performance is intended as the sum of the activities of multi-agents oriented by normative and cultural principles set out at the societal level, specifically within the urban area boundaries. In doing so, the analysis describes the key agents and their activities according to four different safety stages: Prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. Institutional logics, distinguished as formal and informal, help to explain th...
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Under the heading of "social cooperatives" Italian law gathers peculiar kinds of cooperatives firms. In particular, "type A" social cooperatives bring together providers and beneficiaries of a social service as... more
Under the heading of "social cooperatives" Italian law gathers peculiar kinds of cooperatives firms. In particular, "type A" social cooperatives bring together providers and beneficiaries of a social service as members. "Type B" social cooperatives bring together permanent workers and previously unemployed people who wish to integrate into the labour market. This paper considers social cooperatives as a typical delivery service firm suitable to study employee incentives systems characterized by "role tension" tied to the dual position of employee and owner at the same time. "Why to incentive", "What to incentive" and "How to incentive" are the questions we have attempted to solve. The answer to the first question (why to incentive) has been searched starting from the lack of employee's controllability and has led to show how an incentive system can represent an alternative to a control system. The logical path useful to answering to the second question (what to incentive) has been found in a particular reconstruction of the property right which could be more coherent with the characteristics of social cooperatives. In this way, it has been possible to demonstrate how efficient it could be for social cooperatives to prefer incentive models focused on the effort instead of the outcome of the performances. Finally, the answer to the third question (how to incentive) is linked to the rationale of the following hypothesis: employee-owners' motivation is not entirely dependent from the wage but it is also conditioned by "intrinsic incentives" and from the production/consumption of relational goods that go with the work activity.
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This paper is aimed at examining the European medicine agency decisions in the field of human medicines. Different classes of human medicines approved in the last five years have been classified. They have been analyzed considering: i)... more
This paper is aimed at examining the European medicine agency decisions in the field of human medicines. Different classes of human medicines approved in the last five years have been classified. They have been analyzed considering: i) the relation between non generic drugs and generic drugs, ii) time of approval, iii) objectives of the clinical trials, iv) criteria of efficiency, efficacy, safety. By using the Summary of the European Public Assessment Report for every human medicine in the period 2010-2015, a dataset has been arranged. A Structural Equation Model analysis was carried out. The degree of efficiency, the degree of safety, the tradeoff between efficiency and safety that lead to the EMA approval decisions are conditioned by the nature of the medicines and the characteristics of their class. Different degrees of benefits and risks underpinning the decisions have been identified together with the consequent guiding principles that lead to the EMA decision process. A laten...
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Ci siamo occupati delle banche di credito cooperative perché sono istituzioni finanziarie radicate nel territorio in cui sono presenti. In un momento di crisi come l'attuale, in Europa come in Italia, queste banche hanno continuato a... more
Ci siamo occupati delle banche di credito cooperative perché sono istituzioni finanziarie radicate nel territorio in cui sono presenti. In un momento di crisi come l'attuale, in Europa come in Italia, queste banche hanno continuato a perseguire l'obiettivo di porsi al servizio delle proprie comunità, cercando di non perdere di vista i bisogni effettivi dei loro clienti, quali piccole imprese, famiglie e piccoli risparmiatori. Ci ha attratto l'idea che questa funzione anticiclica passasse per il lavoro dei propri dipendenti, elemento di cerniera tra l'obiettivo di radicamento territoriale e le azioni di costruzione di rapporti stabili con i clienti locali. Il lavoro mostra le ragioni per le quali le risorse umane delle banche di credito cooperativo rivestono un ruolo strategico sul quale vale la pena puntare. C'è un binomio concettuale che attraversa la nostra analisi: organizzare il lavoro e rendere quest'ultimo proprio di una specifica organizzazione. Capita...
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The role of the cooperative credit banks in the European financial system is growing, particularly during the current period of financial crisis. Nevertheless, these cooperative banks have not received a great deal of attention from... more
The role of the cooperative credit banks in the European financial system is growing, particularly during the current period of financial crisis. Nevertheless, these cooperative banks have not received a great deal of attention from scholars. This lack of attention has resulted from two factors: i) the lack of empirical data and ii) the fact that the organizational structures and multiple goals of these cooperative banks are “generally more difficult to understand than the corporate governance of the commercial banks with their more easily interpretable and single goal of profit maximizing”(Groeneveld, 2011). This paper contributes to the understanding of Italian cooperative credit banks (Bccs) and their activity by describing their main characteristics and by providing a comparison with different cooperative bank models. Second, it analyzes the job satisfaction of Italian Bccs’ employees, which is a crucial factor because human resources, along with the Bccs’ unique structural elem...
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Labour and Incentives: The Italian Social Cooperatives Case (by Marco Musella, Roberta Troisi) - This paper tries to contribute to the debate about the nature of job relationship in social cooperative enterprise. The essay has been... more
Labour and Incentives: The Italian Social Cooperatives Case (by Marco Musella, Roberta Troisi) - This paper tries to contribute to the debate about the nature of job relationship in social cooperative enterprise. The essay has been focused on an incentive system tied to the work activity, which should be richer if compared to its traditional shape in economics. This different
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Background Many healthcare systems have been unable to deal with Covid-19 without influencing non-Covid-19 patients with pre-existing conditions, risking a paralysis in the medium term. This study explores the effects of organizational... more
Background Many healthcare systems have been unable to deal with Covid-19 without influencing non-Covid-19 patients with pre-existing conditions, risking a paralysis in the medium term. This study explores the effects of organizational flexibility on hospital efficiency in terms of the capacity to deliver healthcare services for both Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 patients. Method Focusing on Italian health system, a two-step strategy is adopted. First, Data Envelope Analysis is used to assess the capacity of hospitals to address the needs of Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 patients relying on internal resource flexibility. Second, two panel regressions are performed to assess external organizational flexibility, with the involvement in demand management of external operators in the health-care service, examining the impact on efficiency in hospital capacity management. Results The overall response of the hospitals in the study was not fully effective in balancing the needs of the two categori...
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PurposeThis paper analyses emergency management in two regions of Italy – Emilia-Romagna and Veneto – in order (1) to understand whether they impact on the spread of local coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) contagion and (2) evaluate... more
PurposeThis paper analyses emergency management in two regions of Italy – Emilia-Romagna and Veneto – in order (1) to understand whether they impact on the spread of local coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) contagion and (2) evaluate which strategy works best.Design/methodology/approachA three-step method was developed consisting of (1) a regional incidence curve analysis; (2) a descriptive statistical analysis of the respective operational measures related to the COVID-19 curve stages; and (3) a dynamic Structural Equation Model.FindingsThe results show the effects of the models during the various stages of the local contagion, focussing both on the two individual regions and a comparison of the way they responded.Practical implicationsThree theoretical implications are highlighted: (1) Better results are not necessarily the outcome of increased expenditure; (2) The overall rigidity they both show does not work; (3) The decision to centralize was, to some extent, effective for bot...
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This paper analyzes Italian social cooperatives as a typical delivery service firm, focusing on employee incentive systems characterized by role tension linked to the dual position of being employee and owner at the same time. The... more
This paper analyzes Italian social cooperatives as a typical delivery service firm, focusing on employee incentive systems characterized by role tension linked to the dual position of being employee and owner at the same time. The answers to three questions:Why to ...
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... Contrariamente alla teoria economica, nel punto in cui basa le sue ricostruzioni sull'idea che sono i sa-lari la leva fondamentale ... Come incentivare?», si ri-sponde individuando i fondamenti teorici... more
... Contrariamente alla teoria economica, nel punto in cui basa le sue ricostruzioni sull'idea che sono i sa-lari la leva fondamentale ... Come incentivare?», si ri-sponde individuando i fondamenti teorici dell'ipotesi che la soddisfazione dei soci-lavoratori (il morale, come direbbero i ...
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Page 1. 1 Università degli Studi di Salerno Centro di Economia del Lavoro e di Politica Economica Roberta Troisi CELPE Enti non profit: tipologie ed opzioni organizzative Discussion Paper 88 Novembre, 2004 Page 2. 2 CELPE ...