- Koç University, Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED), Department Memberadd
- Near Eastern Archaeology, Anatolian Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Ancient economies (Archaeology), and 35 morePottery (Archaeology), Anatolian Studies, Hittite archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, Archaeomineralogy, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Northern Mesopotamia, Syria (Archaeology), Archaeological Method & Theory, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Pottery technology and function, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), Pottery studies, Ceramic Technology, Material Culture Studies, Late 3rd millennium pottery of north Mesopotamia, Pre-Khabur ware phase, Khabur Ware, Upper Mesopotamia, Ancient Climate Change, Comparative sequence analysis, Ceramics (Archaeology), Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Middle Bronze Age, Isin-Larsa Period, Post-Akkadian, Akkad, Organic Residue Analysis, Food in antiquity, Food History, Food (Anthropology), Foodways (Anthropology), Cooking and Food Preparation (archaeology), Prehistoric Archaeology, and Archaeologyedit
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This book contains studies on the symbolic significance of the landscape for the communities inhabiting the central Anatolian plateau and the Upper Euphrates and Tigris valleys in the 2nd-1st millennia BC. Some of the scholars who... more
This book contains studies on the symbolic significance of the landscape for the communities inhabiting the central Anatolian plateau and the Upper Euphrates and Tigris valleys in the 2nd-1st millennia BC. Some of the scholars who attended to the international conference Sacred Landscapes of Hittites and Luwians held in Florence in February 2014, present here contributions on the religious, symbolic and social landscapes of Anatolia between the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age. Archaeologists, hittitologists and historians highlight how the ancient populations perceived many elements of the environment, like mountains, rivers and rocks, but also atmospheric agents, and natural phenomena as essential part of their religious and ideological world. Analysing landscapes, architectures and topographies built by the Anatolian communities in the second and first millennia BC, the framework of a symbolic construction intended for specific actions and practices clearly emerges.
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Research Interests:
Uşaklı Höyük is a multi-period site in the province of Yozgat composed of a high mound and a lower terrace, first identified by 20th century archaeologists as a potential Hittite settlement. Since 2008 an international team of researchers... more
Uşaklı Höyük is a multi-period site in the province of Yozgat composed of a high mound and a lower terrace, first identified by 20th century archaeologists as a potential Hittite settlement. Since 2008 an international team of researchers has been exploring and excavating
different parts of the site, reconstructing its settlement history.1 This work has revealed that Uşaklı was occupied over large portions from the end of the 3rd millennium BCE to the Common Era, experiencing multiple construction and destruction events at different scales, and
has allowed us to collect information about the sequence of occupation and individuate large buildings and defensive structures mainly dated to the Late Bronze and Iron Ages.
In this article we summarize the main results of the 2021 excavation season.
different parts of the site, reconstructing its settlement history.1 This work has revealed that Uşaklı was occupied over large portions from the end of the 3rd millennium BCE to the Common Era, experiencing multiple construction and destruction events at different scales, and
has allowed us to collect information about the sequence of occupation and individuate large buildings and defensive structures mainly dated to the Late Bronze and Iron Ages.
In this article we summarize the main results of the 2021 excavation season.
Research Interests: Near Eastern Archaeology, Anatolian Studies, Pottery (Archaeology), Anatolian Archaeology, Hittite, and 12 moreAncient Near East, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Iron Age (Archaeology), Anatolia, Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Bronze And Iron Age In Mediterrarranean (Archaeology), Iron Age, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Late Bronze Age, Hittite archaeology, The Hittites, and Ancient Near Eastern Studies
Food is essential to human existence, and food supply, processing and consumption shape the lives of present as well as of past societies. The growing interest in these topics has fostered the development and specialization of food... more
Food is essential to human existence, and food supply, processing and consumption shape the lives of present as well as of past societies. The growing interest in these topics has fostered the development and specialization of food archaeology, which provides an exceptional insight into ancient civilizations and cultures.
At Uşaklı Höyük, probably the holy city of Zippalanda in central Anatolia, the excavations of large official buildings dating back to the Hittite period revealed hundreds of ceramic potsherds belonging to large plates with fire-resistant fabrics characterised by curved walls and, frequently, by a wide, banded rim. The use of this cooking device, which appears to be exclusive to Hittite contexts, is quite remarkable since it constitutes the only handmade type among the massified, wheelmade production of the period. Preliminary analysis of incidence, distribution, context, ethnohistorical and iconographic evidence, technological and archaeometric evidence, technological and ethnographic experimentation, suggests that large plates were crucial for the production of flat breads.
At Uşaklı Höyük, probably the holy city of Zippalanda in central Anatolia, the excavations of large official buildings dating back to the Hittite period revealed hundreds of ceramic potsherds belonging to large plates with fire-resistant fabrics characterised by curved walls and, frequently, by a wide, banded rim. The use of this cooking device, which appears to be exclusive to Hittite contexts, is quite remarkable since it constitutes the only handmade type among the massified, wheelmade production of the period. Preliminary analysis of incidence, distribution, context, ethnohistorical and iconographic evidence, technological and archaeometric evidence, technological and ethnographic experimentation, suggests that large plates were crucial for the production of flat breads.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Anatolian Studies, Pottery (Archaeology), and 15 moreAnatolian Archaeology, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Bronze Age (Archaeology), Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Cooking and Food Preparation (archaeology), Ancient Anatolia, Ancient Food, Late Bronze Age, Hittite archaeology, Pottery technology and function, Ancient Pottery Analysis, The Hittites, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Foodways, and The Science of Cooking
This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the inventory of so-called Alişar IV style pottery brought to light on the site of Uşaklı Höyük (Yozgat), in central-northern Anatolia. This specific production spread in a very circumscribed... more
This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the inventory of so-called Alişar IV style pottery brought to light on the site of Uşaklı Höyük (Yozgat), in central-northern Anatolia. This specific production spread in a very circumscribed geographical and chronological context of Iron Age Central Anatolia. Thanks to the peculiar painted decoration of animal silhouettes, the pottery represents a clear marker of shared cultural traits. Stylized trees often appear among the silhouettes of deer and wild goats, while concentric circles occupy the background. In the light of Uşaklı Höyük new datasets, the paper offers an overview on the issue of origin, chronology, and organization of the ceramic production.
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Uşaklı Höyük is located at the base of a narrow valley oriented along an east–west axis, bordered by hills, in the heart of the Anatolian plateau; this region saw the rise of the first urban settlements during the 2nd millennium BCE and... more
Uşaklı Höyük is located at the base of a narrow valley oriented along an east–west axis, bordered by hills, in the
heart of the Anatolian plateau; this region saw the rise of the first urban settlements during the 2nd millennium BCE
and rests at the center of the territory defined in the Hittite texts as the “Upper Land” (Fig. 6-1). The development of
the ancient settlement owes much to the possibility of exploiting the potential water supply of two streams, the Kötü
Dere and the Eğri Öz Dere, flowing a few dozen metres northwest and northeast of the site, as well as the nearby
springs. Also critical was its position along a communication axis that would play a central role over the centuries.
The reciprocal visibility between the site and the peak of Kerkenes Dağı, which must have always been an important
reference point in movements between the plateau and Cappadocia, may have helped to define Uşaklı’s function and
importance. During the most recent campaigns the archaeological team has been working to reconstruct the shape of the
settlement at the time of the Hittite kingdom, and to understand the sequence of occupation and development after the
changes that occurred between the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age (Mazzoni et al. 2019).
heart of the Anatolian plateau; this region saw the rise of the first urban settlements during the 2nd millennium BCE
and rests at the center of the territory defined in the Hittite texts as the “Upper Land” (Fig. 6-1). The development of
the ancient settlement owes much to the possibility of exploiting the potential water supply of two streams, the Kötü
Dere and the Eğri Öz Dere, flowing a few dozen metres northwest and northeast of the site, as well as the nearby
springs. Also critical was its position along a communication axis that would play a central role over the centuries.
The reciprocal visibility between the site and the peak of Kerkenes Dağı, which must have always been an important
reference point in movements between the plateau and Cappadocia, may have helped to define Uşaklı’s function and
importance. During the most recent campaigns the archaeological team has been working to reconstruct the shape of the
settlement at the time of the Hittite kingdom, and to understand the sequence of occupation and development after the
changes that occurred between the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age (Mazzoni et al. 2019).
Research Interests:
This paper presents preliminary results of the archaeological campaign carried out in the autumn 2019 at Tell as-Sadoum and Wanna, northwest of the city of al-Diwaniyah. The fieldwork comprised excavations at Tell as-Sadoum, where three... more
This paper presents preliminary results of the archaeological campaign carried out in the autumn 2019 at Tell as-Sadoum and Wanna, northwest of the city of al-Diwaniyah. The fieldwork comprised excavations at Tell as-Sadoum, where three test areas were opened, and a survey of the small site of Wanna in the southern neighborhood, providing data on the sequence of occupation and broadening our knowledge about the development and extension of the settlement. In particular the archaeological levels exposed in Area I shed light on the oldest phases of occupation, while textual evidence found in Area B adds new information about the history of ancient Marad. The layers and structures brought to light in Area I and Area B yielded materials dating from the Early Dynastic to the Isin-Larsa and Old Babylonian periods, and sporadic evidence of Kassite and Parthian date.
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Research Interests:
Uşaklı Höyük, probably the site of ancient Zippalanda, was an important settlement during the Hittite period. The two Late Bronze Age monumental buildings uncovered on the lower terrace and on the southern slope of the mound were in all... more
Uşaklı Höyük, probably the site of ancient Zippalanda, was an important settlement during the Hittite period. The two Late Bronze Age monumental buildings uncovered on the lower terrace and on the southern slope of the mound were in all likelihood official structures, where the performance of activities related to the cultic sphere might have played a significant role. Archaeological evidence, together with an analysis of the Hittite epigraphic sources, can shed light on the historical, social, and cultural environment of the city. Texts relating to the city of Zippalanda give us some hints about the issues of production, function, and use of pottery vessels employed in rituals and festivals. In the Hittite ceramic production, a neat functional distinction between cultic and common vessels is usually unlikely, but a general use in activities related to cultic practises may be hypothesised for different Uşaklı's typologies.
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Research Interests:
Research Interests: Anatolian Studies, Pottery (Archaeology), Anatolian Archaeology, Anatolian History, Ancient Near East, and 9 moreLate Bronze Age archaeology, Ancient Anatolia, Early Iron Age, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Hittite archaeology, Pottery studies, Hittites, Early Iron Age Pottery, and Hittite pottery studies
Research Interests: Anatolian Studies, Pottery (Archaeology), Anatolian Archaeology, Anatolian History, Hittite, and 8 moreLate Bronze Age archaeology, Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Ancient Anatolia, Early Iron Age, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Hittite archaeology, Pottery studies, and Early Iron Age Pottery
Excavations at the site of Uşaklı Höyük, on the central Anatolian Plateau, have revealed traces of a lengthy occupation ranging from the Early Bronze Age to the Late Roman periods. In particular, they have provided sound confirmation of... more
Excavations at the site of Uşaklı Höyük, on the central Anatolian Plateau, have revealed traces of a lengthy occupation ranging from the Early Bronze Age to the Late Roman periods. In particular, they have provided sound confirmation of the importance of the centre during the Late Bronze Age, when it was probably to be identified with the sacred Hittite city of Zippalanda. The Late Bronze Age monumental structures uncovered on the lower terrace and on the high mound had been markedly affected by later building activities, but a perfectly sealed sequence of materials has been revealed in a test sounding below monumental Building II, in Area A. After an overview of the different contexts brought to light between 2013 and 2017 at Uşaklı Höyük, the paper discusses the Late Bronze Age ceramic evidence in the frame of the long sequence of occupation of the site and against the background of central Anatolian cultural horizons. The analysis focuses on the materials from the Area A test sounding, which provide a reference post quem for the construction of the monumental Building II.
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Uşaklı Höyük sit alanında Floransa Üniversitesi tarafından 2008 yılında başlatılan araştırmalar, Geç Bakır Çağı’ndan Tunç ve Demir Çağı’nı kapsayan ve Geç Roma ve Bizans dönemlerine kadar devam eden uzun soluklu yerel bir... more
Uşaklı Höyük sit alanında Floransa Üniversitesi tarafından 2008 yılında başlatılan araştırmalar, Geç Bakır Çağı’ndan Tunç ve Demir Çağı’nı kapsayan ve Geç Roma ve Bizans dönemlerine kadar devam eden uzun soluklu yerel bir yerleşim düzeni gözlendiğini ortaya koymuştur. Yerleşim düzeni ağının bu kadar uzun soluklu ve istikrarlı nitelikte gerçekleşmesinde, Yozgat’ın doğusunda kalan bölgenin hem Anadolu platosun- dan geçen yolların kontrolü hem de elverişli çevre koşullarının değerlendirilmesi açısından sahip olduğu stra- tejik konum etkili olmuştur. Bölgenin başlıca kentsel yaşam merkezi olan Uşaklı Höyük, en verimli evresini Hitit-Frig dönemlerine denk gelen Orta-Geç Tunç ve Demir Çağı’nda yaşamıştır. 2013-2015 yılları arasında yürütülen kazılar, biri aşağı kentteki bir tapınak, diğeri ise akropoldeki bir saray olmak üzere iki anıtsal Hitit yapısının bölümlerini gün ışığına çıkarmıştır. Her iki yapı da benzer mimari unsurlar barındırmakta; bu un- surlar arasında yer alan taş ve monolitlerin yoğun olarak kullanımı ve planlarındaki düzen, M.Ö. 15. – 12. yüzyıllar arasına tarihlendirilen Hitit İmparatorluk Dönemi geleneğini yansıtmaktadır. Kentin akropolü, Geç Demir Çağı’nda alt kesimi taş kaplı eğimli bir yüzey (glacis) tarafından korunan yapay toprak bir tur çevril- miştir.
Bölgede yürütülen filolojik proje, Anadolu’nun en önemli inanç merkezlerinden biri olan ve dini me- tinlerde sıklıkla kutsal Daha Dağı ile ilişkilendirilen Hitit Dönemi kenti Zippalanda’nın yerinin tespiti ve araştırılması üzerinde yoğunlaşmaktadır. Sözü geçen antik kentin Uşaklı/Kuşaklı Höyük ile, Daha Dağı’nın ise Kerkenes Dağ ile özdeşleştirilebileceği önerisi dikkatle incelenmiş ve büyük ölçüde kabul edilmiştir. Hitit şenliklerinin kutlanması bağlamında Zippalanda kentiyle ilişkili diğer yerleşim birimleri ve ufak köylerin de analizi, bu filolojik araştırmanın odağını teşkil etmektedir.
Bölgede yürütülen filolojik proje, Anadolu’nun en önemli inanç merkezlerinden biri olan ve dini me- tinlerde sıklıkla kutsal Daha Dağı ile ilişkilendirilen Hitit Dönemi kenti Zippalanda’nın yerinin tespiti ve araştırılması üzerinde yoğunlaşmaktadır. Sözü geçen antik kentin Uşaklı/Kuşaklı Höyük ile, Daha Dağı’nın ise Kerkenes Dağ ile özdeşleştirilebileceği önerisi dikkatle incelenmiş ve büyük ölçüde kabul edilmiştir. Hitit şenliklerinin kutlanması bağlamında Zippalanda kentiyle ilişkili diğer yerleşim birimleri ve ufak köylerin de analizi, bu filolojik araştırmanın odağını teşkil etmektedir.
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The investigations started in 2008 by the University of Florence at the site of Uşaklı Höyük and in its territory have revealed a long local sequence of occupation from the Late Chalcolithic and Bronze and Iron Ages to the Late Roman... more
The investigations started in 2008 by the University of Florence at the site of Uşaklı Höyük and in its territory have revealed a long local sequence of occupation from the Late Chalcolithic and Bronze and Iron Ages to the Late Roman and Byzantine periods. The presence of a stable network of settlements over this long duration attests to the strategic role of the area east of Yozgat for both the control of the routes across the Anatolian plateau and the exploitation of its favourable environment. Uşaklı Höyük was the main urban centre here, flourishing in the Middle-Late Bronze and Iron Ages, corresponding to the Hittite and Phrygian periods. In 2013-2015 the excavations brought to light sectors of two monumental Hittite buildings, a temple in the lower town and a palace on the acropolis. They show similar architectural elements, the extensive use of stones and monoliths and the regular organization of the plans, which belong to a common Hittite imperial tradition dating to the 15th-12th cent. In the late Iron Age, the acropolis was fortified by an artificial, sloping earthen rampart protected at its base by a stone glacis. In the late Roman period the lower town was rebuilt and the acropolis probably again fortified.
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Research Interests:
vation at Uşaklı Höyük, a multi-period site located on the southern bank of the Egri Öz Dere, not far from the city of Yozgat, on the Central Anatolian Plateau. The results of a five year survey (2008–2012) provided substantial evidence... more
vation at Uşaklı Höyük, a multi-period site located on the southern bank of the Egri Öz Dere, not far from the city of Yozgat, on the Central Anatolian Plateau. The results of a five year survey (2008–2012) provided substantial evidence for the occupation of the site which extended from the Early Bronze Age to the Ottoman period, with some evidence of a Late Chalcolithic phase. Within this period, the most significant occupation dates to the 2nd and 1st millennia BC. Excavations carried out between 2013 and 2015 produced significant evidence dating to the Late Bronze and Iron Ages both on the high mound and on the large, extended terrace. Impressive architectural features in the form of granitic boulders were revealed in Area A and fragments of cuneiform tablets found on the slopes of the mound suggest the importance of the settlement at the time of Hittite rule over the region. The Iron Age period is also characterised by intensive building activity centred on the höyük. Here, in Area C a complex retaining structure consisting of a large stone glacis, walls and earthen fillings has been exposed
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Research Interests:
The Italian Archaeological Expedition in Central Anatolia has carried out a multidisciplinary research on the site of Uşaklı Höyük and its territory in the years 2008–2013. This paper will present an overview of the results obtained by... more
The Italian Archaeological Expedition in Central Anatolia has carried out a multidisciplinary
research on the site of Uşaklı Höyük and its territory in the years 2008–2013. This paper will
present an overview of the results obtained by the survey and 2013 season of excavations
research on the site of Uşaklı Höyük and its territory in the years 2008–2013. This paper will
present an overview of the results obtained by the survey and 2013 season of excavations
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The team of Florence University carried out an archaeological survey at Uşaklı Höyük, the largest site by area on the upper course of the Eğri Öz Dere, north of the Kerkenes Dağ, and its catchment area within a 5km range [1]. The aim of... more
The team of Florence University carried out an archaeological survey at Uşaklı Höyük, the largest site by area on the upper course of the Eğri Öz Dere, north of the Kerkenes Dağ, and its catchment area within a 5km range [1]. The aim of the research was to attempt to determine the date of occupation at the site and place it in a wider regional and chronological context, pinpointing the presence of further nearby sites and the development of settlement pattern over the course of time [2].
Combining extensive and intensive methods and varying sampling strategies, mounded sites, fields, grazing land, uplands and valley floors were explored over the course of five work seasons [2.1]. Along with collecting archaeological materials, focused scraping operations on the steep slope of the high mound were planned in order to obtain more information on the settlement sequence.
An intensive sampling strategy of all the artefacts relating to the main topographical or surveyed units had the initial aim of obtaining a detailed scatter of the different categories of finds. In each of the surveyed units we marked, mapped and picked up all of the artefacts found on the surface. This systematic collection yielded a sufficient amount of pottery to identify the ware and shape groups and, accordingly, to date the occupation of the site in terms of wide chronological periods [2.2]. Moreover, the dispersal of specific categories of materials provided an indication of areas where some of these periods may be better documented [2.3]. The surveying and collecting carried out in the field enabled us to sketch a rough history of settlement in the area, from the Late Chalcolithic to the Ottoman period [3]. According to our results, the site of Uşaklı shows an intensive phase of occupation dating to the 2nd millennium, and evidence for a significant settlement dating to the 1st millennium [4].
Özetçe.
Arkeolojik araştırmalar: yöntem ve buluntular.
Floransa Üniversitesi’ne bağlı bir ekip tarafından gerçekleştirilen arkeolojik araştırmalar, Eğriöz deresinin yukarı çığırı boyunca ve Kerkenes Dağı’nın kuzeyinde yer alan ve bölgedeki en geniş yüzölçümüne sahip sit olma özelliğini taşıyan Uşaklı Höyük ile onu çevreleyen 5 km yarıçaplı havzası üzerinde odaklanmıştır [1].
Araştırmanın hedefi, sit yakınında sonraki dönemlerde başka yerleşmelerin de gözlendiğine ve yerleşim düzeninin zaman içerisindeki gelişimine dikkat çekerek, sit kapsamındaki yerleşmeyi tarihlenmek ve daha geniş bir bölgesel ve kronolojik bağlam içerisinde değerlenmektir [2].
Yaygın ve yoğun yöntemleri birleştirmek ve farklı örnekleme stratejilerinden yararlanmak suretiyle tümsekli araziler, tarlalar, otlaklar, yaylalar ve alçak vadiler beş çalışma sezonu boyunca dikkatle araştırılmıştır [2.1]. Arkeolojik buluntuların toplanmasına en olarak, yüksek höyüğün dik yamacı boyunca gerçekleştirilen odaklı yüzey kazıma operasyonları ile yerleşim sekansına dair daha fazla bilgi elde edilmesi planlanmıştır.
Başlıca topografik veya araştırmaya tâbi ünitelerle ilişkilendirilen tüm artefaktları kapsayan yoğun bir örnekleme stratejisi ile, öncelikle farklı buluntu kategorilerinin ayrıntılı bir saçılımını elde edebilmek hedeflenmiştir. Araştırılan her bir ünite için yüzeyden elde edilen tüm artefaktlar işaretlenmiş, haritalandırılmış ve toplanmıştır. Bu sistematik buluntu toplama işlemi sayesinde teşhis edilerek şekillere göre gruplandırılmak için yeterli sayıda çanak çömlek ele geçirilmiş olup, buradan hareketle alandaki yerleşmenin daha geniş bir kronolojik dönem içerisinde tarihlendirilmesi mümkün olmuştur [2.2].
Buna ek olarak, belirli kategorilerdeki buluntuların dağılım düzeni, tarihi dönemlerden bazılarının daha iyi tespit edilmesinin mümkün olacağı alanların varlığına işaret etmektedir [2.3]. Yürütülen araştırma ve toplama çalışmaları sayesinde, alanın yerleşim tarihinin genel hatlarıyla Geç Kalkolitik Çağı ile Osmanlı Dönemi arasında uzandığı belirlenmiştir [3].
Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda, Uşaklı sitinin M.Ö II. milenyuma uzanan yoğun bir yerleşim sürecinden geçtiğini ve M.Ö I. milenyuma tarihlendirilebilen önemli bir yerleşim düzeninin varlığına dair kanıtlar sunduğunu söylemek mümkündür [4].
Combining extensive and intensive methods and varying sampling strategies, mounded sites, fields, grazing land, uplands and valley floors were explored over the course of five work seasons [2.1]. Along with collecting archaeological materials, focused scraping operations on the steep slope of the high mound were planned in order to obtain more information on the settlement sequence.
An intensive sampling strategy of all the artefacts relating to the main topographical or surveyed units had the initial aim of obtaining a detailed scatter of the different categories of finds. In each of the surveyed units we marked, mapped and picked up all of the artefacts found on the surface. This systematic collection yielded a sufficient amount of pottery to identify the ware and shape groups and, accordingly, to date the occupation of the site in terms of wide chronological periods [2.2]. Moreover, the dispersal of specific categories of materials provided an indication of areas where some of these periods may be better documented [2.3]. The surveying and collecting carried out in the field enabled us to sketch a rough history of settlement in the area, from the Late Chalcolithic to the Ottoman period [3]. According to our results, the site of Uşaklı shows an intensive phase of occupation dating to the 2nd millennium, and evidence for a significant settlement dating to the 1st millennium [4].
Özetçe.
Arkeolojik araştırmalar: yöntem ve buluntular.
Floransa Üniversitesi’ne bağlı bir ekip tarafından gerçekleştirilen arkeolojik araştırmalar, Eğriöz deresinin yukarı çığırı boyunca ve Kerkenes Dağı’nın kuzeyinde yer alan ve bölgedeki en geniş yüzölçümüne sahip sit olma özelliğini taşıyan Uşaklı Höyük ile onu çevreleyen 5 km yarıçaplı havzası üzerinde odaklanmıştır [1].
Araştırmanın hedefi, sit yakınında sonraki dönemlerde başka yerleşmelerin de gözlendiğine ve yerleşim düzeninin zaman içerisindeki gelişimine dikkat çekerek, sit kapsamındaki yerleşmeyi tarihlenmek ve daha geniş bir bölgesel ve kronolojik bağlam içerisinde değerlenmektir [2].
Yaygın ve yoğun yöntemleri birleştirmek ve farklı örnekleme stratejilerinden yararlanmak suretiyle tümsekli araziler, tarlalar, otlaklar, yaylalar ve alçak vadiler beş çalışma sezonu boyunca dikkatle araştırılmıştır [2.1]. Arkeolojik buluntuların toplanmasına en olarak, yüksek höyüğün dik yamacı boyunca gerçekleştirilen odaklı yüzey kazıma operasyonları ile yerleşim sekansına dair daha fazla bilgi elde edilmesi planlanmıştır.
Başlıca topografik veya araştırmaya tâbi ünitelerle ilişkilendirilen tüm artefaktları kapsayan yoğun bir örnekleme stratejisi ile, öncelikle farklı buluntu kategorilerinin ayrıntılı bir saçılımını elde edebilmek hedeflenmiştir. Araştırılan her bir ünite için yüzeyden elde edilen tüm artefaktlar işaretlenmiş, haritalandırılmış ve toplanmıştır. Bu sistematik buluntu toplama işlemi sayesinde teşhis edilerek şekillere göre gruplandırılmak için yeterli sayıda çanak çömlek ele geçirilmiş olup, buradan hareketle alandaki yerleşmenin daha geniş bir kronolojik dönem içerisinde tarihlendirilmesi mümkün olmuştur [2.2].
Buna ek olarak, belirli kategorilerdeki buluntuların dağılım düzeni, tarihi dönemlerden bazılarının daha iyi tespit edilmesinin mümkün olacağı alanların varlığına işaret etmektedir [2.3]. Yürütülen araştırma ve toplama çalışmaları sayesinde, alanın yerleşim tarihinin genel hatlarıyla Geç Kalkolitik Çağı ile Osmanlı Dönemi arasında uzandığı belirlenmiştir [3].
Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda, Uşaklı sitinin M.Ö II. milenyuma uzanan yoğun bir yerleşim sürecinden geçtiğini ve M.Ö I. milenyuma tarihlendirilebilen önemli bir yerleşim düzeninin varlığına dair kanıtlar sunduğunu söylemek mümkündür [4].
Research Interests: Anatolian Studies, Pottery (Archaeology), Anatolian Archaeology, Survey Research, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), and 18 moreAncient Near East, Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Ancient Anatolia, Archaeological survey, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Hittite archaeology, Ancient Pottery Analysis, Pottery studies, Central Anatolia Region (Archaeology), Phrygian Archaeology, Central Anatolia (Phrygia), Early Bronze Age In Central Anatolia, Red Lustrous Wheel-made Ware, Hittite pottery studies, CENTRAL ANATOLIAN PLATEAU, Uşaklı Höyük, Drab Ware, and Gold Wash Ware
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This report provides a preliminary archaeological assessment of the city mound of Qaladze (Qala Diza), a major site in the plain of Pizhdar (Sulaymania Governorate). The assessment is based on a survey carried out in September 2013... more
This report provides a preliminary archaeological assessment of the city mound of Qaladze (Qala Diza), a major site in the plain of Pizhdar (Sulaymania Governorate). The assessment is based on a survey carried out in September 2013 jointly by the Directorate of Antiquities and Museums of Sulaymania Governorate, the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands Institute for the Near East, and the University of Florence (Italy).
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This paper provides an overview of the archaeological data concerning the transition from Early Bronze Age to Middle Bronze Age in the Upper Khabur valley, in the Syrian Jezirah. The long sequence of occupation exposed in area G at Tell... more
This paper provides an overview of the archaeological data concerning the transition from Early Bronze Age to Middle Bronze Age in the Upper Khabur valley, in the Syrian Jezirah.
The long sequence of occupation exposed in area G at Tell Barri, Old Babylonian Kahat, allows us to appreciate the development of ceramic production from the perspective of the longue durée, and to evaluate the repertory dating to the phase of de-urbanization in Jezirah at the very end of the 3rd millennium BC. Additional evidence comes from recent investigations in area Q, where the southern periphery of the late 3rd - early 2nd millennium BC settlement has been brought to light, providing us with a new set of ceramics reminiscent of southern Mesopotamian Ur III and Isin-Larsa types. The upper layers of Khabur ware period testify of the urban growth of Middle Bronze Age Kahat
The long sequence of occupation exposed in area G at Tell Barri, Old Babylonian Kahat, allows us to appreciate the development of ceramic production from the perspective of the longue durée, and to evaluate the repertory dating to the phase of de-urbanization in Jezirah at the very end of the 3rd millennium BC. Additional evidence comes from recent investigations in area Q, where the southern periphery of the late 3rd - early 2nd millennium BC settlement has been brought to light, providing us with a new set of ceramics reminiscent of southern Mesopotamian Ur III and Isin-Larsa types. The upper layers of Khabur ware period testify of the urban growth of Middle Bronze Age Kahat
Research Interests: Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Comparative sequence analysis, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Ancient Near East, and 13 moreCeramics (Archaeology), Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Bronze Age, Khabur Ware, Northern Mesopotamia, Isin-Larsa Period, Post-Akkadian, Akkad, Khabur Plains, Khabur Valley, Late 3rd millennium pottery of north Mesopotamia, and Pre-Khabur ware phase
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Uno studio colorimetrico su una serie di manufatti ceramici provenienti dal sito archeologico di Tell Barri (Siria,) è stato condotto all’interno di un più ampio progetto di indagini archeometriche portato avanti... more
Uno studio colorimetrico su una serie di manufatti ceramici provenienti dal sito archeologico di Tell Barri (Siria,) è stato condotto all’interno di un più ampio progetto di indagini archeometriche portato avanti nell’ambito del progetto TEMART (Tecniche avanzate per la conoscenza materica e la conservazione del patrimonio storico-artistico). I 36 frammenti analizzati, molto eterogenei per caratteristiche tessiturali, rappresentano una vasta gamma di produzioni ceramiche della Siria nord-orientale (dalla ceramica comune fino alla ceramica metallica e alle ceramiche di lusso) e abbracciano un vasto intervallo temporale, che va dal Bronzo Antico fino al Ferro III. Lo studio sulle temperature di cottura dei manufatti è stato condotto attraverso misurazioni colorimetriche (spazio CIE L*a*b* e CIE L*C*h) sui campioni sottoposti a operazioni di ricottura a temperature crescenti e comprese fra 600°C e 1100°C. L’elaborazione dei risultati conseguiti ha inoltre permesso, per ogni campione, di realizzare curve colorimetriche sul piano a*b* e di studiare il comportamento di tinta e saturazione (spazio CIE L*C*h) al variare della temperatura di ricottura: questo ha consentito di suddividere i campioni in base alle analogie riscontrate negli andamenti delle curve ottenute e di poter stabilire dei rapporti anche fra campioni a prima vista molto diversi. Le classi ottenute hanno inoltre mostrato una notevole corrispondenza con quelle indicate dagli archeologi consentendo di ritenere che la tecnica analitica impiegata possa essere considerata un valido strumento nell’analisi di manufatti ceramici.
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This paper addresses chronological and cultural aspects of ceramic production in late 3rd millennium BC northern Jezirah, comparing and contrasting pottery assemblages from the Upper Khabur and Upper Tigris region. Although valuable sets... more
This paper addresses chronological and cultural aspects of ceramic production in late 3rd millennium BC northern Jezirah, comparing and contrasting pottery assemblages from the Upper Khabur and Upper Tigris region. Although valuable sets of stratified materials allow us to follow a precise evolutionary trend in Early Bronze Age Upper Mesopotamian ceramic production, chiefly delineated by the ARCANE work group, important questions still demand a further documentation. In particular, the impact of Akkadian imperialism on the local material culture, as well as the effects of Akkadian withdrawals from the north, remains matter of debate. Ceramic evidence emerging from the recent excavations carried out along the upper Tigris regions reveals specific morphological parallels, as well as more general similarities with contemporary ceramics from the Upper Khabur, clearly indicating a cultural trajectory linking the territories north of the Tur Abdin, and the low lands, to the south. The paper will focus on the correlation between cultural changes and regional patterning in pottery manufacture, in order to explore dynamics of long- and short-distance interactions, movement of people and materials, and the variety of cross-cultural interconnections.
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In the history and archaeology of the Ancient Near East, the period between the end of the third and the beginning of the second millennium BC in northern Mesopotamia constitutes a 'Media Aetas', an obscure period between the... more
In the history and archaeology of the Ancient Near East, the period between the end of the third and the beginning of the second millennium BC in northern Mesopotamia constitutes a 'Media Aetas', an obscure period between the flourishing of the urban cultures of the Ancient Bronze Age in the middle of the III millennium BC and the development of the Amorite states of the Middle Bronze Age at the end of the 19th century BC. The identification in the archaeological sequence of Tell Barri, the ancient city of Kahat, of the ceramic horizon coeval with the 'urban crisis' that preceded the diffusion of the painted ceramic of Khabur, associated with a new phenomenon of sedentarisation, makes it possible to redefine the chronology of events in the region. It aso enables a delineation of the processes of interaction between the various social realities of northern Mesopotamia in the phase of formation that underlies the subsequent cultural development of the II millennium BC.
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The Proceedings of the 16th Symposium on Mediterranean Archaeology, Florence, Italy, 1-3 March 2012. [No other information found for this title].
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This book contains studies on the symbolic significance of the landscape for the communities inhabiting the central Anatolian plateau and the Upper Euphrates and Tigris valleys in the 2nd-1st millennia BC. Some of the scholars who... more
This book contains studies on the symbolic significance of the landscape for the communities inhabiting the central Anatolian plateau and the Upper Euphrates and Tigris valleys in the 2nd-1st millennia BC. Some of the scholars who attended to the international conference Sacred Landscapes of Hittites and Luwians held in Florence in February 2014, present here contributions on the religious, symbolic and social landscapes of Anatolia between the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age. Archaeologists, hittitologists and historians highlight how the ancient populations perceived many elements of the environment, like mountains, rivers and rocks, but also atmospheric agents, and natural phenomena as essential part of their religious and ideological world. Analysing landscapes, architectures and topographies built by the Anatolian communities in the second and first millennia BC, the framework of a symbolic construction intended for specific actions and practices clearly emerges.
This book contains studies on the symbolic significance of the landscape for the communities inhabiting the central Anatolian plateau and the Upper Euphrates and Tigris valleys in the 2nd-1st millennia BC. Some of the scholars who... more
This book contains studies on the symbolic significance of the landscape for the communities inhabiting the central Anatolian plateau and the Upper Euphrates and Tigris valleys in the 2nd-1st millennia BC. Some of the scholars who attended to the international conference Sacred Landscapes of Hittites and Luwians held in Florence in February 2014, present here contributions on the religious, symbolic and social landscapes of Anatolia between the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age. Archaeologists, hittitologists and historians highlight how the ancient populations perceived many elements of the environment, like mountains, rivers and rocks, but also atmospheric agents, and natural phenomena as essential part of their religious and ideological world. Analysing landscapes, architectures and topographies built by the Anatolian communities in the second and first millennia BC, the framework of a symbolic construction intended for specific actions and practices clearly emerges.