- I am an academic.My research areas are orthopedics and Sport physiotherapy.I also research on community based rehabilitation and Validation of standardized outcome measures.edit
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Exercise is known to be beneficial in the management of chronic low back pain (LBP), especially in pain reduction and improving function. Core stability exercise (CSE) is fast becoming the foremost exercise in the management of LBP;... more
Exercise is known to be beneficial in the management of chronic low back pain (LBP), especially in pain reduction and improving function. Core stability exercise (CSE) is fast becoming the foremost exercise in the management of LBP; however, it is presently undetermined whether CSEs produces more valuable effects than stretching exercises in the management of LBP. The study aimed to review the effectiveness of CSEs or stretching exercises in the management of chronic LBP. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was done using published articles. Multiple databases and specific journal websites were searched to obtained original researches published between 2000 and 2021 in which pain and disability were evaluated as outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale and none of the included studies had scores of <9/10. Three studies met the criteria for this review. The included studies randomized participants into two different exercise groups. One out of the three studies showed benefits of CSE over stretching exercises for pain and disability. Another study showed ST exercise is more beneficial to CSE for pain and disability while the last study shows both CSE and ST exercises to be effective in pain and disability management. In conclusion compared to ST exercise, CSE is not more effective in pain reduction and improved physical function in individuals with LBP in the short term. However, no follow-up assessments were done postintervention.
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Background: Isometric back extensor muscle endurance (IBEME) has been associated with back health and health professionals, especially nurses, often present with back problems. Objective: This study investigated isometric back extensor... more
Background: Isometric back extensor muscle endurance (IBEME) has been associated with back health and health professionals, especially nurses, often present with back problems. Objective: This study investigated isometric back extensor muscle endurance of nurses, and its correlation with selected anthropometric indices and adiposity. Method: Two hundred and four nurses with or without back pain were consecutively recruited from three tertiary health institutions. General body fatness (GBF) was assessed using body mass index (BMI); body composition using percentage body fat (PBF), body fat mass (BFM), lean body mass (LBM) obtained with Jackson-Pollock 4-site formula and sum of skin folds; abdominal (central) adiposity (AA) using proxy indices of waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The isometric back extensor muscle endurance was determined using modified Biering-Sorensen test. Results: The pattern of IBEME using percentile values was i...
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Background Quality of Life (QOL) studies in stroke among Africans are rather few and mainly from South-Western Nigeria. Hardly is there any from the other regions of this vast nation. Reports on gender influences on stroke survivors’ QOL... more
Background Quality of Life (QOL) studies in stroke among Africans are rather few and mainly from South-Western Nigeria. Hardly is there any from the other regions of this vast nation. Reports on gender influences on stroke survivors’ QOL have also been contradictory.
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an insult to the spinal cord resulting in change, either temporary or permanent in its normal motor, sensory or autonomic function. However, literature has been mute on prevalence, pattern and mechanism of... more
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an insult to the spinal cord resulting in change, either temporary or permanent in its normal motor, sensory or autonomic function. However, literature has been mute on prevalence, pattern and mechanism of spinal cord injury (SCI) in South-Eastern Nigeria unlike the many papers on pattern of spinal cord injury. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of SCI with a view of contributing to the emerging National data on the rising prevalence of this injury and to highlight the deficiencies in our country and suggest ways of improving them. This retrospective review of 263 case files, was conducted at four hospitals in South-Eastern Nigeria, from 1st January, 2001 to 31st December, 2015. A total of 263 cases of spinal cord injury over the 15-year period were studied. There were 209 (79.5%) males and 54 (20.5%) females. Road traffic accident accounted for 135 (51.3%), whereas fall accounted for 89 (33.8%). Thoracic spine was affected in 132 (...
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Background Quality of Life (QOL) studies in stroke among Africans are rather few and mainly from South-Western Nigeria. Hardly is there any from the other regions of this vast nation. Reports on gender influences on stroke survivors’ QOL... more
Background Quality of Life (QOL) studies in stroke among Africans are rather few and mainly from South-Western Nigeria. Hardly is there any from the other regions of this vast nation. Reports on gender influences on stroke survivors’ QOL have also been contradictory. Objectives This study set out to provide preliminary data on the QOL of stroke survivors in South-Eastern Nigeria and also investigate sex-differences in the QOL. Methods One hundred and three volunteering stroke survivors (53 males, 50 females) were recruited from various settings. The Stroke-Specific Quality of Life (SS-QOL) scale was used to assess participants’ QOL. Participants mean QOL score in the overall and individual domains were presented as percentages of Maximum Possible Scores (MPS) while sex-differences across domains were investigated with Mann-Whitney U test statistics at 0.05 alpha level. Results Participants mean scores in the vision (12.44 ± 3.56), thinking (11.50 ± 3.71), mood (18.55 ± 4.81) and lan...
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Weight-gain in psychiatric population is a common clinical challenge. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of selected psychotropic drugs on the cardio-respiratory fitness and body composition of patients with serious... more
Weight-gain in psychiatric population is a common clinical challenge. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of selected psychotropic drugs on the cardio-respiratory fitness and body composition of patients with serious mental illness (SMI).Forty four subjects (22 SMI and 22 apparently healthy subjects as control) participated in this quasi-experimental study, which were selected using purposive and consecutive sampling respectively. The VO2max was estimated from HR recovery (HRrec) after 15 seconds using the equation VO2max=111.33-0.42H for males and 65.81-0.1847H for females. Comparative analysis of the data was done using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation, the inferential statistics of independent t-test with alpha level of significance of 0.05. Significant differences were recorded between the VO2max of SMI as 53.72ml/kg/min and apparently healthy subjects as 64.44ml/kg/min. The sum of skin fold thick was seen to be 46.41+32.87mm for SMIs and 2...
Research Interests: Psychiatry and Medicine
Outcome measures often reflect the culture and environment for which they were originally developed. This study was designed to review research studies on outcome measures that were developed for use in knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA)... more
Outcome measures often reflect the culture and environment for which they were originally developed. This study was designed to review research studies on outcome measures that were developed for use in knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) with cultural considerations at time of development. A systematic review of evidence on culturally sensitive and environment-friendly outcome measures in knee and hip OA was conducted. Literature review of published peer-reviewed empirical research was undertaken. Various databases including Google Scholar, PEDro and PubMed were accessed to search for relevant empirical articles. Search terms were outcome measures, knee osteoarthritis, hip osteoarthritis, culture, and disease-specific. Only articles in English were retrieved. No other search limits were set. Methodologic quality was independently assessed by two reviewers. A self-developed validated checklist was used to review relevant articles. Sixteen free full text articles were identified for in...
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ABSTRACTBackground: Footprints of hominoids already demonstrated the existence of a plantar arch 3.7 million years ago, and, during human evolution, feet and not hands experienced extraordinary changes. The arch index is useful in... more
ABSTRACTBackground: Footprints of hominoids already demonstrated the existence of a plantar arch 3.7 million years ago, and, during human evolution, feet and not hands experienced extraordinary changes. The arch index is useful in determining the prevalence of pes planus and possibly predicting pathologic foot conditions, and it may serve as warning signs of structural and functional defects of the foot in a given population.Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the plantar arch index using the staheli`s evaluation method and determined the point prevalence of pes planus and its association with sex difference, BMI, type of footwear and using footwear early in life.Method: This ex-post facto study involved 352 (150 males and 202 females) apparently health primary school pupils aged 8-12 years in southeast Nigeria who volunteered to participate in the study. The participants` biodata were obtained and their footprints collected with the ink method. Footprints were trac...
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Objectives: The Participation Scale (P-Scale) has been shown to be a valid and reliable scale for measuring participation restriction in people affected by leprosy. Until, now there has been no translation of the scale in Igbo. This study... more
Objectives: The Participation Scale (P-Scale) has been shown to be a valid and reliable scale for measuring participation restriction in people affected by leprosy. Until, now there has been no translation of the scale in Igbo. This study set out to produce a valid translation of the P-Scale in Igbo. Design: The research design was a cross-sectional survey. Forty (40) subjects were chosen by purposive sampling. Data were analysed using Cronbach’s Alpha and factor analyses. Result: Reliability analysis conducted using the Cronbach Alpha reliability test revealed that the overall reliability Alpha of the scale is 0·91. Firstly, most of the scale items showed a correlation coefficient of at least 0·3 with at least one other item on the scale, which suggests reasonable factorability. Secondly, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0·77, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (x (190) 1⁄4 473·93, P , 0·001). Finally, the communalities were all above 0·5 confirming that each item shared some common variance with other items. Conclusion: It can be concluded that this Igbo translation of the Participation Scale is reliable and valid for use among the Igbo speaking group in Nigeria.
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Objective: The Participation Scale is a researcher administered generic outcome instrument developed to measure participation restrictions. It addresses the ICF domains of community, social and civic life, mobility, major life domains,... more
Objective: The Participation Scale is a researcher administered generic outcome instrument developed to measure participation restrictions. It addresses the ICF domains of community, social and civic life, mobility, major life domains, domestic life, learning and applying knowledge, self-care, and social interactions. It is designed as a generic, client-reported, and cross-culturally relevant measure of participation that is suitable for non-professional interviewers. The aim of this study was to determine the construct (convergent and divergent) validity, criterion (concurrent) validity, and stability (test-retest) reliability of the Igbo version of P-scale in order to enhance its use in the Igbo speaking population. Design: This cross sectional survey involved 60 participants (39 males and 21 females) affected by Hansen&#39;s disease in SouthEastern region of Nigeria, with mean age of 49·8 ^ 12·8 years. Test-retest reliability was analysed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland and Altman method. Construct validity and Criterion validity was investigated with the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the difference between the sum score of the I-Pscale (Igbo version) and E-Pscale (English version). Result: Test-retest reliability was high (ICC ¼ 0·98-0·99; P ¼ 0·001). There was a significant correlation (r ¼ 0·99; P ¼ 0·001) between the scores obtained on English and Igbo versions of P-scale indicating good concurrent validity. There was no significant difference between the sums of the Igbo and English versions of the P-scale score (U ¼ 1799·00; P ¼ 0·99), suggesting excellent concurrent validity. There was also a significant correlation between the scores of the IP-scale and the Keele Assessment of Participation scores (r ¼ 0·806; P ¼ 0·001). A significant correlation
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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the concurrent, convergent and divergent validity as well as the stability reliability of the Igbo version of the SALSA. Design: Fifty-six participants with Hansen&#39;s disease were... more
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the concurrent, convergent and divergent validity as well as the stability reliability of the Igbo version of the SALSA. Design: Fifty-six participants with Hansen&#39;s disease were recruited from selected rehabilitation centres in Oji River, Uzuakoli and Okija, all in the Eastern part of Nigeria. The original English of SALSA and Igbo version of SALSA as well as the English version of DASH were administered to the participants by the researcher. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient and Bland-Altman&#39;s plotting methods were used to compare the scores of I-SALSA. The Spearman rank order correlation coefficient was used to compare between I-SALSA and DASH, I-SALSA and VRS; and I-SALSA and E-SALSA. The level of significance was set at 0·05. Results: Participants&#39; mean age score was 49·5 ^ 12·3 years and the participants score on the I-SALSA correlated significantly on two occasions (ICC ¼ 0·80, P ¼ 0·00) and Bland and Altman plot revealed limits of agreement for two scores of 21·94 to 1·69; evidence of test-retest reliability. There was a significant correlation between participants&#39; I-SALSA score and E-SALSA score (r ¼ 0·998; P ¼ 0·001) as well as correlation of I-SALSA items and E-SALSA items (correlation coefficient ranges from 0·900-1·000) evidence of construct validity. There was significant correlation between I-SALSA score and DASH score (r ¼ 0·941;P ¼ 0·001) indicating good convergent validity. There was also significant correlation between I-SALSA score and VRS score (r ¼ 0·903; 0·001) evidence of poor divergent validity. Conclusion: This reveals that I-SALSA has good test-retest reliability, good concurrent and convergent validity and poor divergent validity.
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Providing informal caregiving in the acute in-patient and post-hospital discharge phases places enormous burden on the caregivers who often require some form of social support. However, it appears there are few published studies about... more
Providing informal caregiving in the acute in-patient and post-hospital discharge phases places enormous burden on the caregivers who often require some form of social support. However, it appears there are few published studies about informal caregiving in the acute in-patient phase of individuals with stroke particularly in poor-resource countries. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of caregiving burden and its association with patient and caregiver-related variables and also level of perceived social support in a sample of informal caregivers of stroke survivors at an acute stroke-care facility in Nigeria. Ethical approval was sought and obtained. Fifty-six (21 males, 35 females) consecutively recruited informal caregivers of stroke survivors at the medical ward of a tertiary health facility in South-Southern Nigeria participated in this cross-sectional survey. Participants' level of care-giving strain/burden and perceived social support were assessed using th...
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Introduction The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire is a widely used upper extremity outcome measure. However, it is yet to be translated into any of the major languages in Nigeria, thus limiting its utility... more
Introduction The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire is a widely used upper extremity outcome measure. However, it is yet to be translated into any of the major languages in Nigeria, thus limiting its utility in the Nigerian clinical setting. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the DASH questionnaire into Yoruba, a major Nigerian language and investigate its initial validation. Methods The English version of DASH was adapted into Yoruba through forward–back translations, experts’ committee meetings, pretesting and cognitive debriefing interview in accordance with the guidelines recommended by the developers of DASH. Fifty-two purposively selected patients with upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders participated in a cross-sectional survey. Factor analysis was performed to ensure structural validity of Yoruba version, and construct validity was investigated with Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results The Yoruba version of DASH ha...
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Background. Association football, otherwise known as soccer, is the most popular sport in the world. The increase in the popularity of the game and the expectations from players make injury risk in football high. Objective. To describe... more
Background. Association football, otherwise known as soccer, is the most popular sport in the world. The increase in the popularity of the game and the expectations from players make injury risk in football high. Objective. To describe the types, severity, prevalence and mechanism of injuries among professional footballers in the Nigeria Premier League (NPL). Methods. The Union of European Football Association (UEFA) Injury Study Questionnaire was used for data collection. A total of 240 footballers from 11 clubs, who participated in the 2011/2012 NPL premiership season, was selected through proportionate stratified random sampling technique, and the participants were studied using a prospective cohort study design for 6 months. Descriptive statistics of means, percentages and frequency distributions were used to answer the research questions. Results. The mean (standard deviation) age, height and weight of the injured footballers was 22.9 (3.4) years, 1.69 (0.05) m and 71.3 (3.9) k...
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ABSTRACT The study sought to identify the long term plans of graduating physiotherapy students from a Nigerian university. Eighty-four graduating students participated in this study. Sample of convenience was used to recruit participants... more
ABSTRACT The study sought to identify the long term plans of graduating physiotherapy students from a Nigerian university. Eighty-four graduating students participated in this study. Sample of convenience was used to recruit participants in this study. A structured three- part questionnaire was used to collect data which was analysed with descriptive statistics. Some important patterns of long term practice preference among graduating students of physiotherapy were identified. The issue of brain drain as one of the challenges that the profession is facing was disproved by participants.
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Research Interests: Biomechanics and Medicine
AIMS This review sought to determine the extent to which balance screening tests in dance medicine are representative of dance movements and to determine if such tests can be used to empirically track the effectiveness of balance-related... more
AIMS This review sought to determine the extent to which balance screening tests in dance medicine are representative of dance movements and to determine if such tests can be used to empirically track the effectiveness of balance-related injury rehabilitations in dancers. METHODS A five-step scoping review method was used. Multiple databases and reference lists of identified studies were searched to obtain original research published between 2000 and 2020 that described the balance screening tests used for data collection. Articles were excluded if they were: qualitative studies, reviews, opinion papers, consensus statements, conference proceedings, or used questionnaires to collect balance performance data. RESULTS Fifteen of the 31 studies included in this review used different models of force platforms in their balance screenings. The Star Excursion Balance Tests (SEBT) and its variants were used by 12 studies, single-leg stance with eyes opened or eyes closed on stable versus un...
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BACKGROUND Return to work (RTW) after injury or illness is a behavior influenced by physical, psychological and social factors. This study aims to determine the structural validity and reliability of a return to work assessment scale... more
BACKGROUND Return to work (RTW) after injury or illness is a behavior influenced by physical, psychological and social factors. This study aims to determine the structural validity and reliability of a return to work assessment scale using internal consistency and factor analysis. METHOD A cross sectional survey research design was adopted for this study involving 101 Post stroke survivors. The return to work assessment scale, which was developed by Ibikunle et al. in 2019, was subjected to structural validity and reliability. RESULT The results reveal that 58 (57.4%) were males and 43 (42.2%) females with mean ages of 53.88±10.68 years. Internal consistency was high with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.81 for Domain 1, 0.93 for Domain 2 and 0.76 for Domain 3.Test-retest reliability analysis gave an ICC of 0.85(p = 0.001) for Domain 1, Domain 2 an ICC of 0.91 (p = 0.001) and Domain 3 an ICC of 0.99 (p = 0.001). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (KMO) value ...
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Muscular endurance of the back extensors is less frequently assessed than muscular strength, although the endurance capabilities of these muscles may be as important as the strength in the prevention and treatment of low-back pain. The... more
Muscular endurance of the back extensors is less frequently assessed than muscular strength, although the endurance capabilities of these muscles may be as important as the strength in the prevention and treatment of low-back pain. The study aimed to establish reference values, pattern of back extensor endurance and the relationship between isometric endurance of back extensor muscles and selected anthropometric indices, in apparently healthy young Nigerian adults. A total of 300 young adults (150 males and 150 females) aged 17-30 years, participated in this Cross sectional study. The modified Biering-Sorensen test of Static Muscular Endurance (BSME) was used to assess isometric endurance of back extensor muscles. A height meter, bathroom weighing scale and flexible tape were used to collect data for the anthropometric indices-Body Mass Index (BMI), Height (H), Weight (W), Waist Circumference (WC), Hip Circumference (HC), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR). Data ...