Nelson Lourenco

... The preparation of village-level database and the socio-economic analysis of secondary data for all three study sites are in progress. Nelson Lourenco,* Maria do Ros??rio Jorge,* * Carlos Russo Machado,** Lu??s Rodrigues** E-mail nelson@mail.eunet.pt ...

ABSTRACT Global Change is still associated with considerable levels of uncertainty, especially with regard to the extent and geographical distribution of this change. Thus, the construction of scenarios on how global change might affect human societies and political systems necessarily involves higher levels of uncertainty. Given this range of uncertainty becomes clear why discussions of responses (adaptation and mitigation) remain controversial and no agreement on the solutions presented. In a globalized world, where insecurity and violence increase, the consequences become global. The potential consequences of global change are serious and can be a threat to security (broadly defined as advocated by the UNDP and covering the environmental, economic and health issues) of individuals, communities and countries. The way society responds to Global change should be a central policy of peace and security of the XXI century.

ABSTRACT The present report aims at presenting the typology of main pressures for the two study areas of ECOMAN: Cachoeira Catchment (Bahia), in Brazil; and Central Volcanic Mountain Range Conservation Area, in Costa Rica. In both study areas tropical deforestation drives land cover and land use changes, migratory processes, biodiversity changes, erosion processes. Nevertheless, the two case-studies are somewhat different. In the Cachoeira Catchment, the decrease of cocoa production in the last decades, without sustainable socio-economic alternatives, produced significant human pressures both on rural areas (land use changes and forest fragmentation) and urban areas (increase of built-up areas with few measures of territorial planning). On the other hand, the Conservation Area of Central Volcanic Range (Costa Rica) reflects the implementation of a solid forest conservation policy, which faced the strong deforestation rates felt in this country since the middle of the 20th century. This analysis is structured in three parts. The first two chapters concern some socio economic variables (Population, Households and Agrarian Structures) for both case studies. The third chapter presents a typology of administrative units according with the main socio-economic pressures identified in the previous chapters.

Being land use and land use changes one of the main issues integrating the large debate on sustainable development, its analysis demand clearly an integration of spatial/landscape data with the socio-economic data type which has been recently widely recognised. The question is how this integration is possible, and how can it best be achieved. Moreover, the land use changes studies must be a contextualised analysis centred in the individual inside the context where he acts.

... Figure 3. Huit Régions Critiques : Afrique du Nord ; Sahel ; Afrique Australe ; Asie Centrale ; Inde, Pakistan ... que, en 2007, pendant le 1er Sommet de l'eau Asie-Pacifique à ... inclure les facteurs suivants: les guerres interétatiques et intraétatiques, le crime organisé transnationale ...

ABSTRACT In the last five millennia, the global climate system has been relatively stable. But, when climate changes significantly, or the environmental conditions degrade to the point in which necessary resources are not available, the tensions experienced by societies may lead them to a breaking point. Europe and the rest of the World are in a period of transition: a global financial crisis, a global energy crisis, a global food crisis, new centres of power and leadership emerging outside of Europe. In this context, Global Change is a process that is producing increasing pressures on society, making sustainability the biggest challenge for the society of the twenty-first century.

A Mata Atlântica representa um dos mais claros exemplos de áreas sensíveis onde os efeitos das crescentes pressões antrópicas têm um forte impacto negativo no funcionamento do ecossistema. O recente e rápido processo de Globalização exige, para ...

The study of territory dynamics (in coastal or non-coastal areas) is an essential contribution to understand Global Change. While the problems caused by these changes are diverse, all of them can put the sustainable development of a region at risk. Some of the most profound changes in coastal areas have arisen from direct decisions by man concerning land use, and these have affected both the quality of environmental resources, such as soils and water and the sustainability of coastal ecosystems. Land use decisions in coastal areas are based on opportunities and constraints affected by both biophysical and socio-economic drivers, being land use and land use changes one of the main issues integrating the large debate on sustainable development. Some considerations on integrated analysis of natural and social sciences in coastal areas are presented below, in search for a scientific expression of the political need to develop an integrated coastal zone management policy. Decisions regar...

Liberdade, segurança e justiça são elementos essenciais à constituição das sociedades democráticas e da vida social. Segurança e justiça definem entre si uma forte e intensa interdependência, podendo afirmar-se que uma é inconcebível sem a outra. De igual modo, sem segurança e sem justiça não é possível afirmar-se a existência de liberdade. Este texto é precisamente sobre a forte e intensa interdependência definida por estas noções fundamentais da democracia.

Liberdade e segurança são elementos essenciais à constituição das sociedades democráticas e da vida social. Segurança e liberdade são valores que definem entre si uma forte e intensa interdependência, podendo afirmar-se que um é inconcebível sem o outro. Este texto é precisamente sobre a forte e intensa interdependência definida por estas noções fundamentais da democracia.

Este artigo insere-se no quadro da análise que venho desenvolvendo sobre a relação criminalidade, violência e sociedade. Nas duas últimas décadas venho reflectindo e investigando sobre a análise da evolução da criminalidade e como esta deve ser estudada, sobre a relação sociedade e sentimento de insegurança, sobre a insegurança e o Estado de Direito e particularmente sobre o modelo de segurança interna e cenários de evolução. Este artigo é um primeiro ensaio sobre a importância da análise do custo do crime e do seu impacte na sociedade e tem como objectivo permitir uma visão mais abrangente sobre a relação crime, sociedade e segurança.

Page 1. 151 Nelson Lourenço (*) Los agricultores portugueses y la Europa agraria: Estructura social y estrategias de mercado En las tres últimas décadas, Europa ha ensayado la construc-ción de una organización comunitaria en el sentido amplio del término. ...

This book is dedicated to analyzing the relationship established between society and security, in the historical context of globalization. n this era in which all types of social relations are increasingly connected to global networks, the analysis of security requires that the concept of global society be retained and the densification and broadening of the concept of security, as well as the importance of the subjective vision of security, expressed by the feeling of insecurity and the loss of consistency in the demarcation established between the dimensions of external security and internal security.
Este livro é dedicado à análise da relação estabelecida entre a sociedade e a segurança, no contexto histórico da globalização. Nesta época em que todos os tipos de relações sociais são crescentemente conectadas a redes globais, a análise da segurança exige que se retenha o conceito de sociedade global e a densificação e o alargamento do conceito de segurança, assim como, a importância da visão subjectiva de segurança, expressa pelo sentimento de insegurança e a perda de consistência da demarcação estabelecida entre as entre as dimensões de segurança externa e segurança interna