Ramadanil Pitopang

Aktif dalam berbagai "scientific meeting", pemateri pada kuliah umum di berbagai Perguruan Tinggi baik di Indonesia ataupun luar negeri dan berkontribusi dalam penamaan tumbuhan jenis baru ("New Species") dengan 'PITOPANG" sebagai authornya. Dia telah menulis dokumen riset yang tercatat di lembaga pengindeks internasional Scopus (H-Index = 15) dan Google Scholar (Index =20).

Vaccinium sulawesiense Mustaqim & P.W.Fritsch, a newly discovered species endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia, is described. This species is similar to V. simulans Sleumer but differs in having an acuminate leaf apex, larger floral organs, and an absence of trichomes in the upper half of the inner surface of corolla and disk. This species is known from two specimens, one from a mid-montane rainforest in Mamasa Regency, Sulawesi Barat Province, and the other from Poso Regency, Sulawesi Tengah Province. An updated list of the 17 known Vaccinium species in Sulawesi is also provided.

An important component in the hydrological cycle is vegetation, especially its role in intercept rainfall. This study aims to determine the effect of rainfall on the throughfall, stem flow and canopy interception on Aubreville architectural models, Leeuwenberg and Stone tree stands. This research conducted at the forest garden land of Gumbasa sub watershed, in Palu watershed. Administratively the region is in districtof Gumbasa, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, which is included in the Lore Lindu National Park Area. Determination of the sample conducted representatively, using the survey method by way of the path along the river at Gumbasa Sub watershed. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis through a simple linear regression equation. The results showed that the relationship between rainfall to stem flow, throughfall, and canopy interception is linear and highly significant at the level of 99%. The best architectural trees model to increase the amount of water up to the ground surface is the Leeuwenberg model of species Calophyllum soulattri (Clusiaceae).

Central Sulawesi is one of the provinces in Indonesia which is located in the "heart" of Wallacea biogeography region, an area that has the potential of unique biological resources rich in endemic flora and fauna. However, this potential especially plant biodiversity has not been revealed from various aspects of knowledge, especially from the aspect of ecology, taxonomy, conservation and utilization of plants by the local for their daily need. The province is inhabited by 19 ethnic groups different in cultures, languages and traditional knowledge system. Based on number studies that have been conducted showed that each ethnic group has local knowledge systems in using plants to meet their daily i.e. for building materials, food and beverages, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, condiments and spices, natural coloring, forage, ornamental plants, ropes, as a complement to the traditional rituals, hunting, agriculture, household utensils and other necessities. This paper discusses the potential of plant biodiversity and ethnobotany research in Central Sulawesi ABSTRAK Sulawesi Tengah adalah salah satu propinsi di Indonesia yang secara biogeografi terletak di " jantung " nya Wallacea, sebuah kawasan yang memiliki potensi sumberdaya alam biologi yang unik kaya dengan flora-fauna endemik. Namun demikian potensi ini terutama keanekaragaman hayati tumbuhan belum terungkap dari berbagai aspek pengetahuan terutama dari aspek ekologi, taksonomi serta dan pemanfaatan serta upaya konservasinya. Propinsi ini dihuni oleh + 19 kelompok etnik yang berbeda budaya, bahasa serta sistem pengetahuan tradisional yang mereka miliki dalam memanfaatk sumberdaya tumbuhan dalam kehidupan mereka sehari-hari. Dari beberapa studi yang telah dilakukan terungkap bahwa masing-masing kelompok etnis ini memiliki sistem pengetahuan lokal dalam menggunakan tumbuhan misalnya; untuk bahan bangunan, makanan dan minuman, obat-obatan dan kosmetik, bumbu dan rempah, pewarna alami, hijauan pakan ternak, tanaman hias, tali temali, sebagai pelengkap dalam acara ritual adat, berburu, pertanian, perkakas rumah tangga serta keperluan lainnya. Tulisan ini mendiskusikan potensi keanekaragaman hayati tumbuhan serta penelitian etnobotani di provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Kata Kunci : Potensi, etnobotani, Sulawesi Tengah.

The various ethnic communities residing around Lindu Lake in Central Sulawesi Province of Indonesia with their local knowledge on medicinal plants still use them as the source of traditional medication for healing light and serious ailments. Three females and one male key informant who had good reputation in medicinal plant knowledge and traditional healing along with 34 respondents were questioned using semi structured interview method. Ninety six species belonging to 45 families have been found which can be used to heal 87 kinds of ailments, for facial treatment, for post natal care and as food supplements. The medicinal plants can be found in various habitats including house yard, plantation, forest, rice fields, swamps and any other location (wild). KEY WORDS: Lindu Lake, Lore Lindu National Park, local knowledge, and medicinal plant uses.

ABSTRACT
The research entitled “Ethnobotanical study of Kaili Inde tribe in Central Sulawesi Indonesia” has been conducted from April to June  2012  at the Mantikole, a village of  Kaili Inde which is located in Palu Central Sulawesi Indonesia. This research aims was to know the interaction between Kaili Inde society and  their environment especially plant biodiversity  being used in their daily need.  Basic data of ethnobotany such as traditional plant use in the village have been collected by using  direct interview and establishment of  transect. Village leaders, religious leaders, traditional healers, government officers and crafts-people are the target groups who interviewed during the study. The interviews were recorded by audio recorders and  notebooks. Photographs were also taken to record information.  All recognizable morphospecies of plants/voucher specimens were collected for identification purpose. Plant collecting was according to the “Schweinfurth method” (Bridson and Forman 1999). The observation was included vernacular name, scientific name, family,  habitus and uses. Processing of the specimens was conducted at Herbarium Celebense (CEB), Tadulako University Palu. Identification was done in the field and in CEB. Data were analyzed quantitatively by using ICS (Index of Cultural Significance) formula.  The results indicated that One hundred thirty two (132) plant species  consisting of 60 families were used by Kaili Inde tribe.  39 species were used  as food, 62 species as medicine, as  building material 6 species, 23 species for traditional rituals and 10 plant species  as handicrafts.  The plant species that have  highest ICS was "Pa'e" (Oryza sativa L), followed by sweet potato "Untoku" (Ipomea batatas), "Pia'lei '(Allium cepa),  “affo” (Schyzostachyum brachy–cladum), “kamonji” (Artocarpus communis), “tunau” (Arenga pinnata), “lemo barangay (Citrus aurantifolia), “cangkore” (Arachys hypogea), “gampaya” (Carica papaya), “siranindi” (Kalankoe pinnata), “kasubi” (Manihot esculenta), and “srikaya” (Annona squamosa), while the lowest ICS was  "Camara" (Casuarina junghuniana).

Keyword :Ethnobotany, Kaili Inde, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

A research about  the study on some botanical  aspects of an endemic orchid Coelogyne celebensis J.J.Sm from Lore Lindu National Park has been conducted from March  to November 2009. The research was located at the western part of Lore Lindu National Park,  Herbarium Celebense (CEB) UNTAD, Orchid house of Bogor Botanic Garden, and the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) Cibinong West Java. The survey method in the field was used to collect the living material of Coelogyne celebensis J.J.Sm, and then the description of the orchid was done at the Herbarium Celebense (CEB), Herbarium Bogoriense and Bogor Botanic Garden. The data of some botanical aspects included morphological characteristics, ecological (bitoik and abiotik) factor and social economic of the community who living around the habitat of the orchids were presented.

Key words:  Endemic orchid, botanical aspect, Coelogyne celebensis J.J.Sm, Lore Lindu NP.

The  research about Plant biodiversity of Morowali Nature Reserve has been conducted from May-December 2008. It was located  at two (2) sites namely Kea-kea (Lapangga) and Uwata Salubiru in the district North Bungku .  The research was aimed to study the diversity of plant by using plot line transect methods along 3000 m with 43 nested subplots 10 by 10 m in size. Formula of Dumbois-Muller and Ellenberg was followed to analyses the vegetation data .  The research objectives were to study the species diversity, structure and species richness  of plants which were observed in the research location. It was expected  that the results can be used as base data  for management and conservation of biodiversity in this protected area. The results  showed that the studied areas were very rich with plant biodiversity with Shannon diversity Index was more than 3. We recorded 254  higher plant species which were categorized tree, poles, sapling and seedling. There were a siginificant different species diversity and species number between two locations.  Beside that We recorded a number endemic species such as Sarcotheca celebica Veldk. (Oxalidaceae), Palaquium maliliensis van Royen (Sapotaceae), Dillenia serrata Thunb (Dilleniaceae), Dillenia celebica Hoogland (Dilleniaceae), Garcinia celebica L (Clusiaceae), Macadamia hildebrandii Steenis (Proteaceae),  Dinochloa scanden (Poaceae),  Gronophyllum macrospadix , Korthalsia celebica Becc. (Arecaceae), Knema celebica de Wilde (Myristicaceae), Nepenthes eymae, Nepenthes tomoriana and Nepenthes glabrata (Nepenthaceae).

Keyword : Plant  biodiversity , Morowali  Nature  Reserve, Central Sulawesi, Endemic.

The research entitled Asteracaee plant species at Mataue Village, Lore Lindu National Park has been conducted from March to April 2014. The research aimed to study the diversity of Asteraceae andits usefulness by local people in the studied area. The method used in this study was survey approache  by using  Explorationmethod  in  the  field.  All  species  were collected for herbarium. The results showed that 34 species consisted of 30 genera such as : Acmella uliginosa, Ageratum conyzoides, Bidens pilosa, Blumea balsamifera, Blumea chinensis,  Blumea  lacera,  Chromolaena  odorata,  Cosmos caudatus,  Cosmos sulphureus, Crassocephalum crepidioides,  Cyanthillium cinereum,  Dahlia  pinnata,  Dichrocephala integrifolia,  Eclipta  prostrata,  Elephantopus  mollis,  Eleutheranthera ruderalis,  Emilia sonchifolia, Erechtites valerianifolia, Erigeron sumatrensis, Galinsoga parviflora, Gerbera jamesonii, Gynura procumbens, Helianthus annuus, Pluchea indica, Porophyllum ruderale, Sonchus asper, Sphagneticola trilobata, Synedrella nodiflora, Tagetes erecta, Tithonia diversifolia, Tithonia rotundifolia, Tridax procumbens, Youngia japonica dan Zinnia elegans.

Keywords : Asteraceae, Mataue Village, Lore Lindu National Park area, Exploration.

Study about the effectiveness of leaves and roots extract of Harrisonia perforata Merr. As a growth inhibitor of Vibrio cholerae was carried out during March and May, 2014. Plant extracts were prepared by maceration and reflux methods. Inhibition assay was done based on wells diffusion method.  All treatments were arranged based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of 7 treatments and 3 replications  either for leaves and roots extract. Concentration for these treatments were 10%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%, of extract, also doxycycline 2% as a positive control and NA-CMC 1% as a negative control. Results of this study showed that concentration extract of 80% (leaves and roots) were given the highest inhibition effect on V. Cholera growth. On that concentration, leaf extract has higher inhibition effect than root extract, as measured based on inhibition zone (±26.53 mm and ±14.72 mm, for leaf and root extract, respectively).

This book is composed based botanical  exploration in the field, herbarium collections and lierature study. There are one hundreds (100) tree species are described in the book.  Mostly endemic and unique species from Sulawesi island, besides some species which are distributed widely such coconut but have very close with the economic potency for local people is also described...

The need to capture primary production in order to sustain and improve economic livelihoods has lead to increasing conversion of natural habitat and intensification of agricultural practices in many parts of the world including most tropical regions. Understanding how these processes affect ecosystems and their functioning, in particular in the high-diversity ecosystems of the tropics, has become a key issue in ecological research. In this chapter, our focus is on the agriculture-forest landscapes of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, an island widely known for its endemic yet still poorly known flora and fauna. The rise of the region to one of the largest cacao producing areas in the world is at the core of recent land-use change and intensification processes. Covering plants (trees, rattan palms, herbs, bryophytes) and several invertebrate (ants, dung beetles, cacao insect herbivores, fruit-feeding butterflies, parasitic Hymenoptera, spiders) and vertebrate groups (amphibians, birds, murids, reptiles), we give an in-depth overview of the determinants of biodiversity in cacao landscapes, including both management and landscape-scale variables into our analyses. Results show that shaded agroforests host a rich community of species. By adopting a large-scale study design we showed that proximity of natural forest is a key predictor for species richness of plants, invertebrates and vertebrates alike. Endemics and forest specialists benefit most from indigenous shade tree cover and proximity to natural forest. Importantly, several functionally important groups such as insectivorous and seed-dispersing birds benefit from tall shade trees, shade tree diversity and proximity to forest edge, while parasitoid diversity is greatest close to natural forests. Available data on the effects of landuse change in cacao landscape of Central Sulawesi is increasing. Change in landscape configuration and management practices are being clearly reflected in the composition of species communities, with likely impacts on ecosystem services such as pest control and pollination. More knowledge is needed especially in terms of species interactions and ecosystem functioning, but also on how existing knowledge can contribute to effective conservation in human-dominated landscapes outside protected areas.

Aim  This study investigates how estimated tree aboveground biomass (AGB) of tropical montane rain forests varies with elevation, and how this variation is related to elevational change in floristic composition, phylogenetic community structure and the biogeography of the dominant tree taxa.Location  Lore Lindu National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia.Methods  Floristic inventories and stand structural analyses were conducted on 13 plots (each 0.24 ha) in four old-growth forest stands at 1050, 1400, 1800 and 2400 m a.s.l. (submontane to upper montane elevations). Tree AGB estimates were based on d.b.h., height and wood specific gravity. Phylogenetic diversity and biogeographical patterns were analysed based on tree family composition weighted by AGB. Elevational trends in AGB were compared with other Southeast Asian and Neotropical transect studies (n = 7).Results  AGB was invariant from sub- to mid-montane elevation (309–301 Mg ha−1) and increased slightly to 323 Mg ha−1 at upper montane elevation. While tree and canopy height decreased, wood specific gravity increased. Magnoliids accounted for most of the AGB at submontane elevations, while eurosids I (including Fagaceae) contributed substantially to AGB at all elevations. Phylogenetic diversity was highest at upper montane elevations, with co-dominance of tree ferns, Podocarpaceae, Trimeniaceae and asterids/euasterids II, and was lowest at lower/mid-montane elevations, where Fagaceae contributed > 50% of AGB. Biogeographical patterns showed a progression from dominant tropical families at submontane to tropical Fagaceae (Castanopsis, Lithocarpus) at lower/mid-montane, and to conifers and Australasian endemics at upper montane elevations. Cross-continental comparisons revealed an elevational AGB decrease in transects with low/no presence of Fagaceae, but relatively high AGB in montane forests with moderate to high abundance of this family.Main conclusions  AGB is determined by both changes in forest structure and shifts in species composition. In our study, these two factors traded off so that there was no net change in AGB, even though there were large changes in forest structure and composition along the elevational gradient. Southeast Asian montane rain forests dominated by Fagaceae constitute important carbon stocks. The importance of biogeography and species traits for biomass estimation should be considered by initiatives to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) and in taxon choice in reforestation for carbon offsetting.

Tropical high mountain forests in Lore Lindu National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia, were described by their floristic composition and the importance of tree families (Family importance values, FIV), based on tree inventories conducted on 4 plots (each 0.24 ha) in old-growth forest stands at c. 1800 and 2400 m a.s.l. (mid- and upper montane elevations). To identify general patterns and regional peculiarities of the forests in the SE Asian and SW Pacific context, the biogeography of the tree species was analysed using distribution records. Out of the total of 87 tree species, only 18 species were found at both elevational zones. The discovery of new species and new distribution records (28% of the data set) highlights the deficiencies in the taxonomic and distribution data for Sulawesi. Sulawesi endemism rate was 20%. In the mid-montane Fagaceae–Myrtaceae forests, Lithocarpus spp. (Fagaceae) were overall important (4 spp. occupying around half of the total basal area) and the Myrtaceae the most species rich (8 spp.), thus showing typical features of Malesian montane forests. The upper montane conifer-Myrtaceae forest contained several high mountain tree taxa and showed affinity to the forests of New Guinea. The mountain flora comprised both eastern and western Malesian elements, with the nearest neighbouring islands Borneo and Maluku both sharing species with Sulawesi, reflecting the complex palaeogeography of the island. A separate analysis showed the mid-montane forest to possess greatest biogeographical affinity to Borneo/western Malesia, and the upper montane forest had a number of typical elements of Papuasia/eastern Malesia and the Phillipines, which may be a result of historical patterns in land connection and the emergence of mountain ranges.

Although the diversity of terrestrial herbs is high tropical forests and although herbs may play important roles, e.g., as competitors of tree seedlings, most tropical botanical research to date has focused on trees. We studied the diversity, taxonomic composition, and biogeographical relationships of terrestrial forest herbs at two sites of tropical mountain forest at different elevations (Pono: 1000 m, Bariri: 1400 m) in Central Sulawesi. The study was conducted in 400 plots of 5 × 5 m2 (200 for each site). At Pono, we recorded 91 angiosperm herb species in 28 families, and 112 ferns and lycophytes in 15 families whereas at Bariri we found 77 angiosperms in 25 families and 94 ferns and lycophytes in 20 families. At both sites, the most species-rich angiosperm families were Araceae, Orchidaceae, and Zingiberaceae. The species numbers recorded by us are much higher than those reported in any previous tropical forest herb inventories and point to a previously underappreciated richness of plant assemblages on Sulawesi. Biogeographically, significantly more fern species reached their western than eastern distributional limits on Sulawesi, showing that the zoogeographical Wallaces line separating continental Asia and its shelf islands from the Moluccan region also holds for spore-dispersed plants.

Suku bangsa Minangkabau salah satu etnis di Indonesia
yang mempunyai persebaran luas. Lebih dari separuh
jumlah masyarakat ini berada di perantauan, dimana budaya
“Merantau” ini sudah berlangsung sejak ber abad-abad yang
lalu. Kehadiran orang Minangkabau Sulawesi Tengah juga
sudah berlangsung cukup lama, kebanyakan mereka berprofesi
sebagai birokrat, ulama, pendidik dan pedagang.

Aktif dalam berbagai "scientific meeting", pemateri pada kuliah umum di berbagai Perguruan Tinggi baik di Indonesia ataupun luar negeri dan berkontribusi dalam penamaan tumbuhan jenis baru ("New Species") dengan 'PITOPANG" sebagai authornya. Dia telah menulis dokumen riset yang tercatat di lembaga pengindeks internasional Scopus (H-Index = 15) dan Google Scholar (Index =20).

Aktif dalam berbagai "scientific meeting", pemateri pada kuliah umum di berbagai Perguruan Tinggi baik di Indonesia ataupun luar negeri dan berkontribusi dalam penamaan tumbuhan jenis baru ("New Species") dengan 'PITOPANG" sebagai authornya. Dia telah menulis dokumen riset yang tercatat di lembaga pengindeks internasional Scopus (H-Index = 15) dan Google Scholar (Index =20).