Biology

The idea of establishment of protectorates lie in changing of human view to word the conservation of vegetation cover and decrease his effects on natural resources. In addition to role of the protectorates in changing the surrounding environment. Al-Bedan protectorate near city of Ajdabiya is one of these protectorate. The aim of this study was to survey the vegetation cover in Al-Bedan protectorate and identify the human activities in this protectorate. In this study 77 species were collected. These species belongs to 63 genera and 24 families. The study revealed that family Asteraceae was the largest in species number followed by Fabaceae and Brassicaceae came third. From this study it seems that over grazing has the grandest impact on vegetation cover of Al-Bedan protectorate .

ABSTRACT The Phoenician juniper (Juniperus phoenicea L.) has long been common in the Al-Akhdar mountain range in NE Libya. Juniper trees in the region are showing signs of dieback, and minimal successful seedling recruitment has occurred. We investigate this effect at the level of individual trees, tree size classes, and populations. At ten sites, population size, growth and reproductive traits, and percentage dieback in different size classes were evaluated. Elevation, distance from the sea, and the interaction between these factors had a significant effect on tree volume, and number of branches, number of female cones per branch and number of female cones per tree. Two groups of populations were recognized: the first (Sites 2, 3, and 4) were near the coast. They appeared to be more recently established, with no individuals in the largest size class, and, at this point, less severe dieback. In contrast, in the rest of the sites there were no individuals (Sites 1, 5, 6, and 9) or very few individuals (Sites 7, 8, and 10) in the smallest size class, indicating widespread failure of recruitment in recent years. Mature female cones containing seeds were abundant at these sites (except for Site 8); therefore, this was not attributable to failure of sexual reproduction, but rather was associated with higher levels of intra- and inter-specific competition, combined with more variable rainfall in recent years. Smaller trees are particularly susceptible to dieback throughout the region. Conservation initiatives should include restrictions on clearing these natural forests for conversion to agriculture and, where harvesting is necessary, preferential harvesting of larger individuals.

Thapsia garganica is a herbaceous perennial in the Apiaceae, distributed around the Mediterranean and traditionally used in North Africa as a remedy for arthritis, herpes, hair-fall, hypertension, rheumatic, eczema and scabies. T. garganica is the source of thapsigargin: known for killing cancer cells. Seven populations were studied in sites differing in aspect and elevation within Al Jebel Al Akhdar in Libya. We studied

Abstract: Were found larvae, pupae, and adults of the parasitoid Strongygaster Macquart, 1834 (Diptera; Tachinidae; Strongygastrini) considered to be the second largest family of Diptera that endoparasite arthropods especially insects in larval phase. This work describes the first occurrence of parasitoids associated with the beetle Lagria villosa F. (1783) (Coleoptera; Polyphaga; Tenebrionidae) in the Northwestern region of the Parana State, Brazil. Because of feeding habits, the larvae associated with the abdominal and intestinal contents of L. villosa may be ingested in the form of eggs with the decaying organic matter present in the soil.

The increase of the world’s population and the decrease of freshwater resources have led to increased use of alternate water resources to meet the water need. Using treated wastewater (effluent water) for urban landscape irrigation has become a common practice to alleviate freshwater shortage. Golf courses are the leading urban landscape users of effluent water, because intensively managed turf can use nutrients in the wastewater efficiently. The objectives of this study were to assess changes in soil chemical properties of sand-based putting greens, following conversion from freshwater irrigation to effluent water irrigation, and identify potential concerns related to long-term use of effluent water on sand-based greens. Soil samples were collected and analyzed from greens at the Heritage Golf Course in Westminster, Colorado. The course started to use effluent water for irrigation in 2000. Nine out of eighteen (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17) greens were selected for soil sample col...

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia 2Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medical Technology, Benghazi, Libya 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya 4Department of Internal Medicine (Neurology), Faculty of Medicine, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya 5Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia 6Schonberry Networks AB, Stockholm, Sweden 7Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Ghemines University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya 8Dean and HOD, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, St Matthews University, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands 9Department of Physiology, St. Matthew’s University, School of Medicine, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands 10Department of Histology, St. Matthew’s University, School of Medicine, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands 11Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Quest Inter...

Diabetes is becoming a major chronic disease burden all over the world. Little is known about the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in them. The aim of this study was to determine this prevalence in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Benghazi, Libya. A cross sectional case control study recruited two hundred type 2 diabetics from Benghazi diabetic center and one hundred non-diabetic individuals which served as control group was taken from Benghazi medical center and Elhiaa clinic .Their ages ranged between 18 to 55 years with and without diarrhea between January and December 2016. Socio demographic characteristics were taken during the interview. Fresh stool specimens were collected and processed, and data was analyzed. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was higher among diabetic patients (40.0%) than amongnon diabetic patients (16.0%).Specifically, the following intestinal parasites were highly prevalent in diabetic subjects Entamoeba coli (10.5%), Cryptosporidium parvum (...

The oral cavity of human is colonized by many microorganisms among these Trichomonas tenax and Entamoeba gingivalis, is known as common parasite of oral cavity and sub maxillary glands especially with poor oral hygiene and presence of periodontal disease. This paper describes the prevalence and patterns of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomona stenaxin person with and without periodontitis in Benghazi, Libya, emphasizing on the gender, age, pH  of the saliva, smoking habit. Methods Bio film and saliva samples were taken from 70 patients with periodontitis and 30 healthy individuals. They were spread on sterile swab sample, diluted with saline and examined with a light microscope. Descriptive statistic and chi-square test were used. The over all prevalence of oral parasitic infections among individuals of the sample participant was 24\100 (24%), the prevalence of Trichomonastenax (31.6%) and Entamoeba gingivalis (68.4%) among individuals with periodontal disease, while Trichomonas tena...

Unilocular Cystic Echinococcosis (CE), in livestock is caused by the larval cystic stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Hydatid cysts in domestic animals lead to protein and economic losses, because of the condemnation of slaughtered animals infected viscera as well as reducing the quality and quantity of the livestock other productions such as milk, wool and meat. In Libya, hydatid disease infects a wide range of domestic animals (sheep, goats, cattle and camels) act as intermediate hosts E. granulosus. Prevalence of cystic hydatidosis based on available abattoirs data in livestock is hyper endemic in Libya and infection rates in all domestic slaughtered animals reached almost 50%. Many abattoir investigations in Libya have revealed that hydatid cyst is a disease, which infect a wide range of animal species with variable rates of infection, for example, sheep (1.6 to 40%), goats (5.6 to 70%), cattle (2.7 to 56%) and camels (2.7 to 48%) in different cities of Libya. Population of stray...