bachelor degree 1991 - Al-Azhar University Master degree 2000 Al-Azhar University Doctor degree Al-Azhar University Associate professor Alazhar dental faculty 2011 Professor - 2017 Supervisors: Prof Dr Ahmed kassim and Prof Dr Sami Mahfouz
Background and objectives: The herbal extracts in management of oral and other body diseases were... more Background and objectives: The herbal extracts in management of oral and other body diseases were increased in last decades due to potential benefits as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Commiphora myrrh (C. myrrh) has been used for treating different diseases including chronic inflammatory conditions as periodontal diseases. This review aims to provide updated information on the clinical effects of C. myrrh products in treatment of periodontal diseases. The collected data of these review article obtained from several electronic data bases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and others), the review based on the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and clinical effectiveness of C. myrrh in treating of periodontal diseases then discussion for these knowledges. Conclusions: The current review suggested that C. myrrh extracts is an effective to improve oral hygiene. It demonstrated clinical effectiveness in reduction of dental plaque and gingival inflammation and used as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control and professional therapies of periodontitis patients. Furthermore, well designed studies are required to establish the efficacy of C. myrrh in controlling of subgingival biofilm and reducing the proinflammatory cytokines.
Background: The impact of periodontal infection on several systemic diseases and conditions have ... more Background: The impact of periodontal infection on several systemic diseases and conditions have been a wide range of recent investigations. The association between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) become established and mostly studied. Thus, periodontal pathogens can cause bacteremia, increased expression of pro-inflammatory proteins leading to vascular infection and development of CVD. Objectives: The present systematic review aimed to discuss the major ischemic cardiac biomarker; cardiac troponins (cTn) I and T in linking to systemically healthy and periodontitis subjects, and periodontally affected CVD patients. Materials and Methods: A literature search was presented using two databases (PubMed and Medline), in addition to searching on original articles. The search policy used the combination of the terms: ''Troponin,'' ''Periodontitis,''. The result of searching obtained 21 studies, the interested selected studies are 8/21, the selection of these articles based on troponin levels (cTnI and cTnT) in clinical healthy individuals, chronic periodontitis (CP) and CVD patients with periodontitis. Results: The selected research articles demonstrated that the troponin levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis groups compared to the controls. the troponin levels were highly significantly increased in coronary heart disease patients with periodontitis and the severity of myocardial problems are associated with severity of periodontitis. Moreover, The cTnI more studied in comparison to cTnT in different patient groups. Only one study revealed insignificant differences of cTnI in CP patients after periodontal therapy. Conclusion: The current review concluded that a strong association between periodontitis and CVD and high troponin levels in periodontally affected CVD patients, and the relation in both diseases is association more than causation. Furthermore, the strategic plan for awareness and prevention of periodontal infections in CVD patients and the effectiveness of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on troponin levels are recommended.
International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Science (IJDOS), 2020
Background: Periodontitis is a major oral health problem and it accounts one of the causes for to... more Background: Periodontitis is a major oral health problem and it accounts one of the causes for tooth loss. Hereditary factors have a critical role in the development of periodontitis. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the influence of the interleukin-10 (-1082) G/A (rs1800896) polymorphism and the risk of periodontal disease among Saudi population in Makkah environ. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood leucocytes were used for extraction of DNA which was used for genotyping of interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene in 83 healthy controls and 60 unrelated Saudi patients with generalized moderate to severe periodontitis using polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results: The distribution of AA genotype was higher in periodontitis group relative to the control group while the GG genotype was higher in the control group compared with the patients with periodontitis (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.44-8.17, P = 0.006). The AG genotype did not show significant difference between controls and periodontitis group (OR = 1.951, 95% CI: 0.85-4.47, P = 0.14). The distribution of A allele was higher in periodontitis relative to the controls while the G allele was higher in control group compared with the periodontitis group (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.20-5.27, P = 0.013). Conclusion: These results suggested that the AA genotypes and A allele of IL-10 (-1082) G/A polymorphism may be associated with periodontitis among Saudi population while the GG genotype and the G allele may be associated with decreased risk of periodontitis. Keywords: Gene Polymorphism; Periodontitis; IL-10; PCR; Restriction Enzyme.
Objective The main purpose of this article was to evaluate the effect of probiotics used as an ad... more Objective The main purpose of this article was to evaluate the effect of probiotics used as an adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP) on the periodontal parameters and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods A total of 25 chronic periodontitis patients who completed the treatment course of 40 subjects, aged 25 to 58 years, participated in this study. They were categorized into two groups: the first group was treated by SRP while the second group was treated by SRP and probiotic lozenges twice a day for 30 days. All patients were evaluated clinically by measuring the plaque index, bleeding index (BI), pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and immunologically by assaying GCF/MMP-8 at baseline and 30 days after periodontal management. Results There was a significant improvement in periodontal parameters after SRP treatment with and without probiotic lozenges in both groups. However, there was a significant decrease in the BI (p = 0.05) in SRP and probiotic lozenges group after 30 days compared with SRP alone. In addition, there was a significant decrease in GCF/ MMP-8 levels after 30 days in patients managed by SRP only (p = 0.017) compared with the baseline in both groups, whereas a highly significant decrease in patients treated by SRP and probiotics (p = 0.001). Conclusion The current study suggested that the probiotics might have a beneficial effect on clinical and immunological outcomes in the management of chronic peri-odontitis patients. Further research is needed on a large-scale population and for a long recall time to confirm the response to probiotics as an adjunctive to SRP. Abstract Keywords ► probiotic lozenges ► GCF/MMP-8 ► chronic periodontitis ► periodontal therapy
Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the levels of the cardiac biomarkers
in smokers ver... more Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the levels of the cardiac biomarkers in smokers versus non-smokers chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and periodontally healthy subjects, also to correlate cardiac biomarkers level with the severity of CP. Methods: Eighty selected individuals were divided into three groups: Smokers CP (28), non-smokers CP (32), and healthy control subjects (20). The CP evaluated clinically by plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and pocket depth (PD). Serum levels of cardiac biomarkers were assayed for the following: Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), troponin-I (Tr-I), creatinine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Results: The statistical analysis of the investigated biomarkers showed that ALT and AST significantly increased in smokers versus non-smokers CP patients (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, the other biomarkers (Tr-I, CK, and LDH) showed a non-significant increase in smokers compared with non-smokers periodontitis patients (P ≥ 0.05). Furthermore, the mean values of all biomarkers, Tr-I, ALT, AST, LDH, and CK, expressed highly significant comparisons (P ≤ 0.01) in smokers and non-smokers CP patients against healthy subjects. Conclusion: The present study suggested that the cardiac biomarkers affected by CP and worse aggravated by the presence of smoking that could play a bidirectional effect on periodontitis and cardiovascular (CV) conditions. Further researches are needed to elucidate the efficacy of periodontal treatment and serum cardiac biomarkers in systemically healthy and diseased CV patients. Keywords: Alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, creatinine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, smoking, troponin-I
Original Research Article Periodontitis and liver diseases significantly influence the health. Nu... more Original Research Article Periodontitis and liver diseases significantly influence the health. Numerous studies were investigated the relationship between periodontitis and hepatic diseases. The purpose of the present study designed to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on serum levels of several liver function tests in systemically healthy individuals. Twenty moderates to severe chronic periodontitis (CP) patients (diseased group) and fifteen periodontally healthy subjects (control group) were involved in present research. The diseased group evaluated clinically by the following: Plaque and Bleeding Index (PI, BI), Pocket depth (PD) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) at baseline and 1 month after periodontal treatment. Serum levels of liver function tests; Total protein (TP), Albumen (ALB), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) plus to direct and total Bilirubin (BIL-D and BIL-T) were analyzed for all diseased and healthy participants. Statistical analysis revealed highly significant improvement of clinical parameters (BI, PD, CAL) (P<0.01) and significant difference for (PI) (P<0.05) when comparing the baseline to 1 month after periodontal therapy. Biochemical assaying showed enhancement in levels of all liver function tests at 1 month versus to baseline of treatment, highly significant differences for TP (P<0.01) and significant differences for ALB (P<0.05), the other tests became non-significant (P0.05). When comparing of diseased group at baseline versus healthy control subjects, the TP and ALB appeared highly significant differences (P<0.01), the other tests increased in diseased patients than healthy subjects but the differences are non-significant (P0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation (r=-0.562) between PD and TP only at 1 month after initial therapy. The obtained results suggested that the periodontal therapy might had a beneficial effect on liver health. Further researches needed to clarify the effectiveness of periodontitis and periodontal therapy on health and diseased hepatic patients.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the fib... more Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the fibrinogen levels in chronic periodontitis patients when compared to the levels seen in healthy subjects. Materials and methods: A total of 30 subjects, with an average age of 38 ± 25 years, were enrolled in the present study. They were divided into two groups, namely Group 1 (15 periodontally healthy subjects) and Group 2 (15 moderate to severe chronic periodontitis patients). The periodon-tal condition of each periodontitis patient was assessed by recording the probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), and bleeding index (BI) both before and after periodontal therapy had been administered for one month. Additionally, blood samples were collected from the healthy subjects and the periodontitis patients before and after the periodontal treatment in order to assay the plasma fibrinogen levels. Results: The clinical parameters were found to be improved after one month of periodontal therapy , with the statistical difference in the mean values of the BI and PD being highly significant (P < 0.01), while the statistical differences concerning the PI and CAL were significant (P < 0.05). The fibrinogen levels (mg/dL) for the periodontitis patients before and after treatment were 342.26 ± 69.00 and 352.93 ± 64.3 mg/dL, respectively. The level was 269.85 ± 43.68 mg/dL for the healthy subjects. In terms of the between-group comparison, the fibrinogen levels of the healthy subjects were observed to be highly significantly lower than the levels of the periodontitis patients before and after the treatment (P < 0.01), in contrast the statistical analysis showed a non-significant difference in the fibrinogen levels (P > 0.05) before and after the periodontal
International Journal of Health Sciences & Research, 2019
Background: Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an antioxidant agent which can suppress the inflammatory pro... more Background: Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an antioxidant agent which can suppress the inflammatory process in periodontium. Some studies investigated the effectiveness of this agent as an adjunctive to non-surgical periodontal therapy. Aim: the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of CoQ10 gel in management of chronic periodontitis patients as an adjunctive periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods: Twenty chronic periodontitis patients (25-60 years old) were evaluated by the following clinical parameters: bleeding index (BI), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). They received non-surgical periodontal therapy on two visits, the CoQ10 gel was applied intra-pocket in the buccal right sites of jaws and packed by periodontal dressing for one week, while the left sites treated only by scaling and root planning (SRP). The patients were clinically evaluated after one month; the data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: In both quadrants treated by CoQ10/SRP and SRP only; the statistical comparisons of mean values for all parameters (PI, BI, PD, CAL) before and after treatment revealed highly significant difference (P 0.01). Before treatment in both quadrants which treated by CoQ10/SRP and SRP, there is no statistical differences between the mean values of all clinical parameters (P 0.05). Furthermore, statistical comparisons between the mean values of all clinical parameters after treatment in quadrants treated by CoQ10/SRP and SRP only revealed highly significant difference (P 0.01). Conclusion: CoQ10 gel intra-pocket applications packed by periodontal dressing provide precious clinical outcomes and considered as a useful adjunctive agent with non-surgical periodontal therapy.
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine the location and configuration of t... more Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine the location and configuration of the mandibular canal and related vital structures as a pre-implant assessment using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Materials and Methods: 141CBCT scans were undertaken by Kodak 9500® Cone Beam 3D Systems and the scanning parameters were 90 kV, 10 mA, voxel size 0.2 mm and medium field of view. Results: The course of the mandibular canal reported (61.17%) catenary-like, (28.19%) progressive descent and (10.64%) had a straight pattern. The buccolingual dimension showed that the mandibular canal was located close to the lingual cortical plate (almost 2-3 mm) in the molar region and as it proceeds anteriorly it moves toward the buccal aspect of the mandible to emerge finally through the mental foramen. The vertical dimension showed that the canal was located almost 1 cm above the inferior border of the mandible and then ascended to reach the mental foramen, which is located 15.72mm (range 13.82-18.25 mm) above the inferior border of the mandible. Conclusions: Anatomic variations and lesions affecting the mandibular canal were common findings in the CBCT images of the mandible produced for dental implant planning. An awareness of these alterations is important for dentistry because some of them might require treatment, change oral surgery planning and difficult inferior alveolar nerve anesthetic block.
Background: Diabetes mellitus and smoking are considered as two major risk factors that influence... more Background: Diabetes mellitus and smoking are considered as two major risk factors that influence the severity and progression of periodontal disease. Severity and prevalence of periodontitis varies in different countries of the world and there are indications that may be extensive in developing more than high developed countries. Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the periodontal conditions and severity of chronic periodontitis patients in relation to smoking and diabetes at Holy Mak-kah city. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fifty-four patient adult male chronic periodon-titis patients were participated in this study, their age ranging from 24 to 60 years old with mean age of 37.50 ± 0.13 years. The patients were selected from enrolled individuals at screening unit in three dental centers at Makkah city. The selection of chronic periodon-titis patients were based on two major risk factors in presence or absence of smoking and diabetes mellitus and they categorized into the following four groups G1: Non diabetic nonsmokers, G2: Diabetic nonsmokers, G3: Non diabetic smokers, G4: Diabetic smokers. The periodontal status was evaluated by four clinical parameters: Plaque Index (PI), Bleeding Index (BI), Probing Pocket Depth (PD) and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL). Results: The results were revealed the comparisons between the mean values of clinical parameters; PI was highly significant in G2 compared to G1 and G3. BI was significant in G2 versus to G1, and highly significant in G4 contrast to G1and G3. PD was significantly increased in G2 than G1, and highly significant in G4 related to G1, G2 and G3. CAL was significant in G4 compared to G3, highly significantly increased in G4 than G1 and G2, whereas, high significant in G4 contrast to G3. Severity forms of periodontitis in each group categorized into; mild, moderate and severe; G1 (60.72 %, 31.01%, 8.27 %), G2 (33.21%, 50.67 %, 16.12 %), G3 (37.02 %, 49.32 %, 13.66 %) and G4 (9.23 %, 50.42 %, 40.35 %). Severity of periodontitis in whole population; mild (35.04 %), moderate (45.36 %) and severe (19.60%). Conclusion: The clinical periodontal parameters represent poor periodontal conditions within the population, and presence of smoking and diabetes mellitus exaggerate the severity of periodontitis. Furthermore, widespread survey study is needed to clarify the percentage of prevalence, incidence and severity of periodontitis.
ABSTRACT
Background and objective: Bone substitutes are widely used to promote bone formation
and... more ABSTRACT Background and objective: Bone substitutes are widely used to promote bone formation and periodontal regeneration. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic effectiveness of cortico-cancellous bone mix xenograft (Osteobiol Gen-Os) in the treatment of intrabony defects. Materials and methods: Twenty systemically healthy chronic periodontitis patients, radiographic observation showed vertical intrabony defect of ≥ 5 mm after non-surgical periodontal therapy, subjects were categorized into group 1 (G1) treated by xenogrfat and group 2 (G2) treated by open flap debridement only. At baseline, 6 and 12 month after surgery the patients were evaluated clinically by: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and radiographically to measure the bone density and reduction of intrabony defect depth. Results: Significantly clinical improvements of PI and GI were observed in both groups. In G1, The mean values of PD and CAL were representing highly significant differences between the three time intervals (baseline, 6 and 12 month, (P ≤ 0.01). In G2, the statistical comparisons between the mean values of PD at 3 time intervals, also CAL mean values at 6 month versus baseline were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). Radiographically, the bone density and reduction of defect depth were improved in G1 compared to G2. The mean values of bone density and reduction of defect depth were high significantly increased in G1 versus G2 at 6 and 12 month (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: The results of the current study indicated that cortico-cancellous xenograft (Osteobiol Gen-Os) significantly improved of clinical and radiographic outcomes over the course of the study.
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine the location and configuration of t... more Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine the location and configuration of the mandibular canal and related vital structures as a pre-implant assessment using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Materials and Methods: 141CBCT scans were undertaken by Kodak 9500® Cone Beam 3D Systems and the scanning parameters were 90 kV, 10 mA, voxel size 0.2 mm and medium field of view. Results: The course of the mandibular canal reported (61.17%) catenary-like, (28.19%) progressive descent and (10.64%) had a straight pattern. The buccolingual dimension showed that the mandibular canal was located close to the lingual cortical plate (almost 2-3 mm) in the molar region and as it proceeds anteriorly it moves toward the buccal aspect of the mandible to emerge finally through the mental foramen. The vertical dimension showed that the canal was located almost 1 cm above the inferior border of the mandible and then ascended to reach the mental foramen, which is located 15.72mm (range 13.82-18.25 mm) above the inferior border of the mandible. Conclusions: Anatomic variations and lesions affecting the mandibular canal were common findings in the CBCT images of the mandible produced for dental implant planning. An awareness of these alterations is important for dentistry because some of them might require treatment, change oral surgery planning and difficult inferior alveolar nerve anesthetic block.
Background: Periodontal reconstructive therapy in furcation areas is highly interested in recent ... more Background: Periodontal reconstructive therapy in furcation areas is highly interested in recent years. There are several treatment modalities used alone and/or in combination to improved periodontal regeneration, including the bone substitutes as nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (NcHA), guided tissue regeneration (GTR), root surface modifications, biological mediators and recently platelet rich fibrin (PRF).
Chronic Periodontitis is chronic inflammatory process that affects the tissues surround and suppo... more Chronic Periodontitis is chronic inflammatory process that affects the tissues surround and support the teeth. It is mainly caused by specific bacteria in the subgingival area. Several risk factors include local and systemic factor which precipitate in the pathogenesis of the disease (Silva et al. 2015).
Background and objectives: The herbal extracts in management of oral and other body diseases were... more Background and objectives: The herbal extracts in management of oral and other body diseases were increased in last decades due to potential benefits as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Commiphora myrrh (C. myrrh) has been used for treating different diseases including chronic inflammatory conditions as periodontal diseases. This review aims to provide updated information on the clinical effects of C. myrrh products in treatment of periodontal diseases. The collected data of these review article obtained from several electronic data bases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and others), the review based on the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and clinical effectiveness of C. myrrh in treating of periodontal diseases then discussion for these knowledges. Conclusions: The current review suggested that C. myrrh extracts is an effective to improve oral hygiene. It demonstrated clinical effectiveness in reduction of dental plaque and gingival inflammation and used as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control and professional therapies of periodontitis patients. Furthermore, well designed studies are required to establish the efficacy of C. myrrh in controlling of subgingival biofilm and reducing the proinflammatory cytokines.
Background: The impact of periodontal infection on several systemic diseases and conditions have ... more Background: The impact of periodontal infection on several systemic diseases and conditions have been a wide range of recent investigations. The association between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) become established and mostly studied. Thus, periodontal pathogens can cause bacteremia, increased expression of pro-inflammatory proteins leading to vascular infection and development of CVD. Objectives: The present systematic review aimed to discuss the major ischemic cardiac biomarker; cardiac troponins (cTn) I and T in linking to systemically healthy and periodontitis subjects, and periodontally affected CVD patients. Materials and Methods: A literature search was presented using two databases (PubMed and Medline), in addition to searching on original articles. The search policy used the combination of the terms: ''Troponin,'' ''Periodontitis,''. The result of searching obtained 21 studies, the interested selected studies are 8/21, the selection of these articles based on troponin levels (cTnI and cTnT) in clinical healthy individuals, chronic periodontitis (CP) and CVD patients with periodontitis. Results: The selected research articles demonstrated that the troponin levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis groups compared to the controls. the troponin levels were highly significantly increased in coronary heart disease patients with periodontitis and the severity of myocardial problems are associated with severity of periodontitis. Moreover, The cTnI more studied in comparison to cTnT in different patient groups. Only one study revealed insignificant differences of cTnI in CP patients after periodontal therapy. Conclusion: The current review concluded that a strong association between periodontitis and CVD and high troponin levels in periodontally affected CVD patients, and the relation in both diseases is association more than causation. Furthermore, the strategic plan for awareness and prevention of periodontal infections in CVD patients and the effectiveness of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on troponin levels are recommended.
International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Science (IJDOS), 2020
Background: Periodontitis is a major oral health problem and it accounts one of the causes for to... more Background: Periodontitis is a major oral health problem and it accounts one of the causes for tooth loss. Hereditary factors have a critical role in the development of periodontitis. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the influence of the interleukin-10 (-1082) G/A (rs1800896) polymorphism and the risk of periodontal disease among Saudi population in Makkah environ. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood leucocytes were used for extraction of DNA which was used for genotyping of interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene in 83 healthy controls and 60 unrelated Saudi patients with generalized moderate to severe periodontitis using polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results: The distribution of AA genotype was higher in periodontitis group relative to the control group while the GG genotype was higher in the control group compared with the patients with periodontitis (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.44-8.17, P = 0.006). The AG genotype did not show significant difference between controls and periodontitis group (OR = 1.951, 95% CI: 0.85-4.47, P = 0.14). The distribution of A allele was higher in periodontitis relative to the controls while the G allele was higher in control group compared with the periodontitis group (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.20-5.27, P = 0.013). Conclusion: These results suggested that the AA genotypes and A allele of IL-10 (-1082) G/A polymorphism may be associated with periodontitis among Saudi population while the GG genotype and the G allele may be associated with decreased risk of periodontitis. Keywords: Gene Polymorphism; Periodontitis; IL-10; PCR; Restriction Enzyme.
Objective The main purpose of this article was to evaluate the effect of probiotics used as an ad... more Objective The main purpose of this article was to evaluate the effect of probiotics used as an adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP) on the periodontal parameters and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods A total of 25 chronic periodontitis patients who completed the treatment course of 40 subjects, aged 25 to 58 years, participated in this study. They were categorized into two groups: the first group was treated by SRP while the second group was treated by SRP and probiotic lozenges twice a day for 30 days. All patients were evaluated clinically by measuring the plaque index, bleeding index (BI), pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and immunologically by assaying GCF/MMP-8 at baseline and 30 days after periodontal management. Results There was a significant improvement in periodontal parameters after SRP treatment with and without probiotic lozenges in both groups. However, there was a significant decrease in the BI (p = 0.05) in SRP and probiotic lozenges group after 30 days compared with SRP alone. In addition, there was a significant decrease in GCF/ MMP-8 levels after 30 days in patients managed by SRP only (p = 0.017) compared with the baseline in both groups, whereas a highly significant decrease in patients treated by SRP and probiotics (p = 0.001). Conclusion The current study suggested that the probiotics might have a beneficial effect on clinical and immunological outcomes in the management of chronic peri-odontitis patients. Further research is needed on a large-scale population and for a long recall time to confirm the response to probiotics as an adjunctive to SRP. Abstract Keywords ► probiotic lozenges ► GCF/MMP-8 ► chronic periodontitis ► periodontal therapy
Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the levels of the cardiac biomarkers
in smokers ver... more Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the levels of the cardiac biomarkers in smokers versus non-smokers chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and periodontally healthy subjects, also to correlate cardiac biomarkers level with the severity of CP. Methods: Eighty selected individuals were divided into three groups: Smokers CP (28), non-smokers CP (32), and healthy control subjects (20). The CP evaluated clinically by plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and pocket depth (PD). Serum levels of cardiac biomarkers were assayed for the following: Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), troponin-I (Tr-I), creatinine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Results: The statistical analysis of the investigated biomarkers showed that ALT and AST significantly increased in smokers versus non-smokers CP patients (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, the other biomarkers (Tr-I, CK, and LDH) showed a non-significant increase in smokers compared with non-smokers periodontitis patients (P ≥ 0.05). Furthermore, the mean values of all biomarkers, Tr-I, ALT, AST, LDH, and CK, expressed highly significant comparisons (P ≤ 0.01) in smokers and non-smokers CP patients against healthy subjects. Conclusion: The present study suggested that the cardiac biomarkers affected by CP and worse aggravated by the presence of smoking that could play a bidirectional effect on periodontitis and cardiovascular (CV) conditions. Further researches are needed to elucidate the efficacy of periodontal treatment and serum cardiac biomarkers in systemically healthy and diseased CV patients. Keywords: Alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, creatinine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, smoking, troponin-I
Original Research Article Periodontitis and liver diseases significantly influence the health. Nu... more Original Research Article Periodontitis and liver diseases significantly influence the health. Numerous studies were investigated the relationship between periodontitis and hepatic diseases. The purpose of the present study designed to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on serum levels of several liver function tests in systemically healthy individuals. Twenty moderates to severe chronic periodontitis (CP) patients (diseased group) and fifteen periodontally healthy subjects (control group) were involved in present research. The diseased group evaluated clinically by the following: Plaque and Bleeding Index (PI, BI), Pocket depth (PD) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) at baseline and 1 month after periodontal treatment. Serum levels of liver function tests; Total protein (TP), Albumen (ALB), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) plus to direct and total Bilirubin (BIL-D and BIL-T) were analyzed for all diseased and healthy participants. Statistical analysis revealed highly significant improvement of clinical parameters (BI, PD, CAL) (P<0.01) and significant difference for (PI) (P<0.05) when comparing the baseline to 1 month after periodontal therapy. Biochemical assaying showed enhancement in levels of all liver function tests at 1 month versus to baseline of treatment, highly significant differences for TP (P<0.01) and significant differences for ALB (P<0.05), the other tests became non-significant (P0.05). When comparing of diseased group at baseline versus healthy control subjects, the TP and ALB appeared highly significant differences (P<0.01), the other tests increased in diseased patients than healthy subjects but the differences are non-significant (P0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation (r=-0.562) between PD and TP only at 1 month after initial therapy. The obtained results suggested that the periodontal therapy might had a beneficial effect on liver health. Further researches needed to clarify the effectiveness of periodontitis and periodontal therapy on health and diseased hepatic patients.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the fib... more Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the fibrinogen levels in chronic periodontitis patients when compared to the levels seen in healthy subjects. Materials and methods: A total of 30 subjects, with an average age of 38 ± 25 years, were enrolled in the present study. They were divided into two groups, namely Group 1 (15 periodontally healthy subjects) and Group 2 (15 moderate to severe chronic periodontitis patients). The periodon-tal condition of each periodontitis patient was assessed by recording the probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), and bleeding index (BI) both before and after periodontal therapy had been administered for one month. Additionally, blood samples were collected from the healthy subjects and the periodontitis patients before and after the periodontal treatment in order to assay the plasma fibrinogen levels. Results: The clinical parameters were found to be improved after one month of periodontal therapy , with the statistical difference in the mean values of the BI and PD being highly significant (P < 0.01), while the statistical differences concerning the PI and CAL were significant (P < 0.05). The fibrinogen levels (mg/dL) for the periodontitis patients before and after treatment were 342.26 ± 69.00 and 352.93 ± 64.3 mg/dL, respectively. The level was 269.85 ± 43.68 mg/dL for the healthy subjects. In terms of the between-group comparison, the fibrinogen levels of the healthy subjects were observed to be highly significantly lower than the levels of the periodontitis patients before and after the treatment (P < 0.01), in contrast the statistical analysis showed a non-significant difference in the fibrinogen levels (P > 0.05) before and after the periodontal
International Journal of Health Sciences & Research, 2019
Background: Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an antioxidant agent which can suppress the inflammatory pro... more Background: Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an antioxidant agent which can suppress the inflammatory process in periodontium. Some studies investigated the effectiveness of this agent as an adjunctive to non-surgical periodontal therapy. Aim: the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of CoQ10 gel in management of chronic periodontitis patients as an adjunctive periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods: Twenty chronic periodontitis patients (25-60 years old) were evaluated by the following clinical parameters: bleeding index (BI), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). They received non-surgical periodontal therapy on two visits, the CoQ10 gel was applied intra-pocket in the buccal right sites of jaws and packed by periodontal dressing for one week, while the left sites treated only by scaling and root planning (SRP). The patients were clinically evaluated after one month; the data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: In both quadrants treated by CoQ10/SRP and SRP only; the statistical comparisons of mean values for all parameters (PI, BI, PD, CAL) before and after treatment revealed highly significant difference (P 0.01). Before treatment in both quadrants which treated by CoQ10/SRP and SRP, there is no statistical differences between the mean values of all clinical parameters (P 0.05). Furthermore, statistical comparisons between the mean values of all clinical parameters after treatment in quadrants treated by CoQ10/SRP and SRP only revealed highly significant difference (P 0.01). Conclusion: CoQ10 gel intra-pocket applications packed by periodontal dressing provide precious clinical outcomes and considered as a useful adjunctive agent with non-surgical periodontal therapy.
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine the location and configuration of t... more Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine the location and configuration of the mandibular canal and related vital structures as a pre-implant assessment using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Materials and Methods: 141CBCT scans were undertaken by Kodak 9500® Cone Beam 3D Systems and the scanning parameters were 90 kV, 10 mA, voxel size 0.2 mm and medium field of view. Results: The course of the mandibular canal reported (61.17%) catenary-like, (28.19%) progressive descent and (10.64%) had a straight pattern. The buccolingual dimension showed that the mandibular canal was located close to the lingual cortical plate (almost 2-3 mm) in the molar region and as it proceeds anteriorly it moves toward the buccal aspect of the mandible to emerge finally through the mental foramen. The vertical dimension showed that the canal was located almost 1 cm above the inferior border of the mandible and then ascended to reach the mental foramen, which is located 15.72mm (range 13.82-18.25 mm) above the inferior border of the mandible. Conclusions: Anatomic variations and lesions affecting the mandibular canal were common findings in the CBCT images of the mandible produced for dental implant planning. An awareness of these alterations is important for dentistry because some of them might require treatment, change oral surgery planning and difficult inferior alveolar nerve anesthetic block.
Background: Diabetes mellitus and smoking are considered as two major risk factors that influence... more Background: Diabetes mellitus and smoking are considered as two major risk factors that influence the severity and progression of periodontal disease. Severity and prevalence of periodontitis varies in different countries of the world and there are indications that may be extensive in developing more than high developed countries. Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the periodontal conditions and severity of chronic periodontitis patients in relation to smoking and diabetes at Holy Mak-kah city. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fifty-four patient adult male chronic periodon-titis patients were participated in this study, their age ranging from 24 to 60 years old with mean age of 37.50 ± 0.13 years. The patients were selected from enrolled individuals at screening unit in three dental centers at Makkah city. The selection of chronic periodon-titis patients were based on two major risk factors in presence or absence of smoking and diabetes mellitus and they categorized into the following four groups G1: Non diabetic nonsmokers, G2: Diabetic nonsmokers, G3: Non diabetic smokers, G4: Diabetic smokers. The periodontal status was evaluated by four clinical parameters: Plaque Index (PI), Bleeding Index (BI), Probing Pocket Depth (PD) and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL). Results: The results were revealed the comparisons between the mean values of clinical parameters; PI was highly significant in G2 compared to G1 and G3. BI was significant in G2 versus to G1, and highly significant in G4 contrast to G1and G3. PD was significantly increased in G2 than G1, and highly significant in G4 related to G1, G2 and G3. CAL was significant in G4 compared to G3, highly significantly increased in G4 than G1 and G2, whereas, high significant in G4 contrast to G3. Severity forms of periodontitis in each group categorized into; mild, moderate and severe; G1 (60.72 %, 31.01%, 8.27 %), G2 (33.21%, 50.67 %, 16.12 %), G3 (37.02 %, 49.32 %, 13.66 %) and G4 (9.23 %, 50.42 %, 40.35 %). Severity of periodontitis in whole population; mild (35.04 %), moderate (45.36 %) and severe (19.60%). Conclusion: The clinical periodontal parameters represent poor periodontal conditions within the population, and presence of smoking and diabetes mellitus exaggerate the severity of periodontitis. Furthermore, widespread survey study is needed to clarify the percentage of prevalence, incidence and severity of periodontitis.
ABSTRACT
Background and objective: Bone substitutes are widely used to promote bone formation
and... more ABSTRACT Background and objective: Bone substitutes are widely used to promote bone formation and periodontal regeneration. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic effectiveness of cortico-cancellous bone mix xenograft (Osteobiol Gen-Os) in the treatment of intrabony defects. Materials and methods: Twenty systemically healthy chronic periodontitis patients, radiographic observation showed vertical intrabony defect of ≥ 5 mm after non-surgical periodontal therapy, subjects were categorized into group 1 (G1) treated by xenogrfat and group 2 (G2) treated by open flap debridement only. At baseline, 6 and 12 month after surgery the patients were evaluated clinically by: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and radiographically to measure the bone density and reduction of intrabony defect depth. Results: Significantly clinical improvements of PI and GI were observed in both groups. In G1, The mean values of PD and CAL were representing highly significant differences between the three time intervals (baseline, 6 and 12 month, (P ≤ 0.01). In G2, the statistical comparisons between the mean values of PD at 3 time intervals, also CAL mean values at 6 month versus baseline were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). Radiographically, the bone density and reduction of defect depth were improved in G1 compared to G2. The mean values of bone density and reduction of defect depth were high significantly increased in G1 versus G2 at 6 and 12 month (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: The results of the current study indicated that cortico-cancellous xenograft (Osteobiol Gen-Os) significantly improved of clinical and radiographic outcomes over the course of the study.
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine the location and configuration of t... more Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine the location and configuration of the mandibular canal and related vital structures as a pre-implant assessment using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Materials and Methods: 141CBCT scans were undertaken by Kodak 9500® Cone Beam 3D Systems and the scanning parameters were 90 kV, 10 mA, voxel size 0.2 mm and medium field of view. Results: The course of the mandibular canal reported (61.17%) catenary-like, (28.19%) progressive descent and (10.64%) had a straight pattern. The buccolingual dimension showed that the mandibular canal was located close to the lingual cortical plate (almost 2-3 mm) in the molar region and as it proceeds anteriorly it moves toward the buccal aspect of the mandible to emerge finally through the mental foramen. The vertical dimension showed that the canal was located almost 1 cm above the inferior border of the mandible and then ascended to reach the mental foramen, which is located 15.72mm (range 13.82-18.25 mm) above the inferior border of the mandible. Conclusions: Anatomic variations and lesions affecting the mandibular canal were common findings in the CBCT images of the mandible produced for dental implant planning. An awareness of these alterations is important for dentistry because some of them might require treatment, change oral surgery planning and difficult inferior alveolar nerve anesthetic block.
Background: Periodontal reconstructive therapy in furcation areas is highly interested in recent ... more Background: Periodontal reconstructive therapy in furcation areas is highly interested in recent years. There are several treatment modalities used alone and/or in combination to improved periodontal regeneration, including the bone substitutes as nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (NcHA), guided tissue regeneration (GTR), root surface modifications, biological mediators and recently platelet rich fibrin (PRF).
Chronic Periodontitis is chronic inflammatory process that affects the tissues surround and suppo... more Chronic Periodontitis is chronic inflammatory process that affects the tissues surround and support the teeth. It is mainly caused by specific bacteria in the subgingival area. Several risk factors include local and systemic factor which precipitate in the pathogenesis of the disease (Silva et al. 2015).
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have a critical role in the development of periodontitis.
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the influence of the interleukin-10 (-1082) G/A (rs1800896) polymorphism and the
risk of periodontal disease among Saudi population in Makkah environ.
Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood leucocytes were used for extraction of DNA which was used for genotyping of
interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene in 83 healthy controls and 60 unrelated Saudi patients with generalized moderate to severe periodontitis
using polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).
Results: The distribution of AA genotype was higher in periodontitis group relative to the control group while the GG
genotype was higher in the control group compared with the patients with periodontitis (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.44-8.17, P =
0.006). The AG genotype did not show significant difference between controls and periodontitis group (OR = 1.951, 95%
CI: 0.85-4.47, P = 0.14). The distribution of A allele was higher in periodontitis relative to the controls while the G allele was
higher in control group compared with the periodontitis group (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.20-5.27, P = 0.013).
Conclusion: These results suggested that the AA genotypes and A allele of IL-10 (-1082) G/A polymorphism may be associated
with periodontitis among Saudi population while the GG genotype and the G allele may be associated with decreased
risk of periodontitis.
Keywords: Gene Polymorphism; Periodontitis; IL-10; PCR; Restriction Enzyme.
in smokers versus non-smokers chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and periodontally
healthy subjects, also to correlate cardiac biomarkers level with the severity of CP.
Methods: Eighty selected individuals were divided into three groups: Smokers CP (28),
non-smokers CP (32), and healthy control subjects (20). The CP evaluated clinically by
plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and pocket depth
(PD). Serum levels of cardiac biomarkers were assayed for the following: Aspartate
transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), troponin-I (Tr-I), creatinine kinase
(CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
Results: The statistical analysis of the investigated biomarkers showed that ALT and
AST significantly increased in smokers versus non-smokers CP patients (P ≤ 0.05). In
addition, the other biomarkers (Tr-I, CK, and LDH) showed a non-significant increase
in smokers compared with non-smokers periodontitis patients (P ≥ 0.05). Furthermore,
the mean values of all biomarkers, Tr-I, ALT, AST, LDH, and CK, expressed highly
significant comparisons (P ≤ 0.01) in smokers and non-smokers CP patients against
healthy subjects.
Conclusion: The present study suggested that the cardiac biomarkers affected by CP
and worse aggravated by the presence of smoking that could play a bidirectional effect
on periodontitis and cardiovascular (CV) conditions. Further researches are needed
to elucidate the efficacy of periodontal treatment and serum cardiac biomarkers in
systemically healthy and diseased CV patients.
Keywords: Alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, creatinine kinase, lactate
dehydrogenase, smoking, troponin-I
canal and related vital structures as a pre-implant assessment using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.
Materials and Methods: 141CBCT scans were undertaken by Kodak 9500® Cone Beam 3D Systems and the
scanning parameters were 90 kV, 10 mA, voxel size 0.2 mm and medium field of view.
Results: The course of the mandibular canal reported (61.17%) catenary-like, (28.19%) progressive descent and
(10.64%) had a straight pattern. The buccolingual dimension showed that the mandibular canal was located close
to the lingual cortical plate (almost 2-3 mm) in the molar region and as it proceeds anteriorly it moves toward
the buccal aspect of the mandible to emerge finally through the mental foramen. The vertical dimension showed
that the canal was located almost 1 cm above the inferior border of the mandible and then ascended to reach the
mental foramen, which is located 15.72mm (range 13.82-18.25 mm) above the inferior border of the mandible.
Conclusions: Anatomic variations and lesions affecting the mandibular canal were common findings in the
CBCT images of the mandible produced for dental implant planning. An awareness of these alterations is important
for dentistry because some of them might require treatment, change oral surgery planning and difficult
inferior alveolar nerve anesthetic block.
Background and objective: Bone substitutes are widely used to promote bone formation
and periodontal regeneration. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic
effectiveness of cortico-cancellous bone mix xenograft (Osteobiol Gen-Os) in the treatment of
intrabony defects.
Materials and methods: Twenty systemically healthy chronic periodontitis patients,
radiographic observation showed vertical intrabony defect of ≥ 5 mm after non-surgical periodontal
therapy, subjects were categorized into group 1 (G1) treated by xenogrfat and group 2 (G2) treated
by open flap debridement only. At baseline, 6 and 12 month after surgery the patients were evaluated
clinically by: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss
(CAL), and radiographically to measure the bone density and reduction of intrabony defect depth.
Results: Significantly clinical improvements of PI and GI were observed in both groups. In G1,
The mean values of PD and CAL were representing highly significant differences between the three
time intervals (baseline, 6 and 12 month, (P ≤ 0.01). In G2, the statistical comparisons between
the mean values of PD at 3 time intervals, also CAL mean values at 6 month versus baseline were
highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). Radiographically, the bone density and reduction of defect depth were
improved in G1 compared to G2. The mean values of bone density and reduction of defect depth
were high significantly increased in G1 versus G2 at 6 and 12 month (P ≤ 0.01).
Conclusions: The results of the current study indicated that cortico-cancellous xenograft
(Osteobiol Gen-Os) significantly improved of clinical and radiographic outcomes over the course
of the study.
canal and related vital structures as a pre-implant assessment using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.
Materials and Methods: 141CBCT scans were undertaken by Kodak 9500® Cone Beam 3D Systems and the
scanning parameters were 90 kV, 10 mA, voxel size 0.2 mm and medium field of view.
Results: The course of the mandibular canal reported (61.17%) catenary-like, (28.19%) progressive descent and
(10.64%) had a straight pattern. The buccolingual dimension showed that the mandibular canal was located close
to the lingual cortical plate (almost 2-3 mm) in the molar region and as it proceeds anteriorly it moves toward
the buccal aspect of the mandible to emerge finally through the mental foramen. The vertical dimension showed
that the canal was located almost 1 cm above the inferior border of the mandible and then ascended to reach the
mental foramen, which is located 15.72mm (range 13.82-18.25 mm) above the inferior border of the mandible.
Conclusions: Anatomic variations and lesions affecting the mandibular canal were common findings in the
CBCT images of the mandible produced for dental implant planning. An awareness of these alterations is important
for dentistry because some of them might require treatment, change oral surgery planning and difficult
inferior alveolar nerve anesthetic block.
have a critical role in the development of periodontitis.
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the influence of the interleukin-10 (-1082) G/A (rs1800896) polymorphism and the
risk of periodontal disease among Saudi population in Makkah environ.
Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood leucocytes were used for extraction of DNA which was used for genotyping of
interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene in 83 healthy controls and 60 unrelated Saudi patients with generalized moderate to severe periodontitis
using polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).
Results: The distribution of AA genotype was higher in periodontitis group relative to the control group while the GG
genotype was higher in the control group compared with the patients with periodontitis (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.44-8.17, P =
0.006). The AG genotype did not show significant difference between controls and periodontitis group (OR = 1.951, 95%
CI: 0.85-4.47, P = 0.14). The distribution of A allele was higher in periodontitis relative to the controls while the G allele was
higher in control group compared with the periodontitis group (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.20-5.27, P = 0.013).
Conclusion: These results suggested that the AA genotypes and A allele of IL-10 (-1082) G/A polymorphism may be associated
with periodontitis among Saudi population while the GG genotype and the G allele may be associated with decreased
risk of periodontitis.
Keywords: Gene Polymorphism; Periodontitis; IL-10; PCR; Restriction Enzyme.
in smokers versus non-smokers chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and periodontally
healthy subjects, also to correlate cardiac biomarkers level with the severity of CP.
Methods: Eighty selected individuals were divided into three groups: Smokers CP (28),
non-smokers CP (32), and healthy control subjects (20). The CP evaluated clinically by
plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and pocket depth
(PD). Serum levels of cardiac biomarkers were assayed for the following: Aspartate
transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), troponin-I (Tr-I), creatinine kinase
(CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
Results: The statistical analysis of the investigated biomarkers showed that ALT and
AST significantly increased in smokers versus non-smokers CP patients (P ≤ 0.05). In
addition, the other biomarkers (Tr-I, CK, and LDH) showed a non-significant increase
in smokers compared with non-smokers periodontitis patients (P ≥ 0.05). Furthermore,
the mean values of all biomarkers, Tr-I, ALT, AST, LDH, and CK, expressed highly
significant comparisons (P ≤ 0.01) in smokers and non-smokers CP patients against
healthy subjects.
Conclusion: The present study suggested that the cardiac biomarkers affected by CP
and worse aggravated by the presence of smoking that could play a bidirectional effect
on periodontitis and cardiovascular (CV) conditions. Further researches are needed
to elucidate the efficacy of periodontal treatment and serum cardiac biomarkers in
systemically healthy and diseased CV patients.
Keywords: Alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, creatinine kinase, lactate
dehydrogenase, smoking, troponin-I
canal and related vital structures as a pre-implant assessment using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.
Materials and Methods: 141CBCT scans were undertaken by Kodak 9500® Cone Beam 3D Systems and the
scanning parameters were 90 kV, 10 mA, voxel size 0.2 mm and medium field of view.
Results: The course of the mandibular canal reported (61.17%) catenary-like, (28.19%) progressive descent and
(10.64%) had a straight pattern. The buccolingual dimension showed that the mandibular canal was located close
to the lingual cortical plate (almost 2-3 mm) in the molar region and as it proceeds anteriorly it moves toward
the buccal aspect of the mandible to emerge finally through the mental foramen. The vertical dimension showed
that the canal was located almost 1 cm above the inferior border of the mandible and then ascended to reach the
mental foramen, which is located 15.72mm (range 13.82-18.25 mm) above the inferior border of the mandible.
Conclusions: Anatomic variations and lesions affecting the mandibular canal were common findings in the
CBCT images of the mandible produced for dental implant planning. An awareness of these alterations is important
for dentistry because some of them might require treatment, change oral surgery planning and difficult
inferior alveolar nerve anesthetic block.
Background and objective: Bone substitutes are widely used to promote bone formation
and periodontal regeneration. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic
effectiveness of cortico-cancellous bone mix xenograft (Osteobiol Gen-Os) in the treatment of
intrabony defects.
Materials and methods: Twenty systemically healthy chronic periodontitis patients,
radiographic observation showed vertical intrabony defect of ≥ 5 mm after non-surgical periodontal
therapy, subjects were categorized into group 1 (G1) treated by xenogrfat and group 2 (G2) treated
by open flap debridement only. At baseline, 6 and 12 month after surgery the patients were evaluated
clinically by: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss
(CAL), and radiographically to measure the bone density and reduction of intrabony defect depth.
Results: Significantly clinical improvements of PI and GI were observed in both groups. In G1,
The mean values of PD and CAL were representing highly significant differences between the three
time intervals (baseline, 6 and 12 month, (P ≤ 0.01). In G2, the statistical comparisons between
the mean values of PD at 3 time intervals, also CAL mean values at 6 month versus baseline were
highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). Radiographically, the bone density and reduction of defect depth were
improved in G1 compared to G2. The mean values of bone density and reduction of defect depth
were high significantly increased in G1 versus G2 at 6 and 12 month (P ≤ 0.01).
Conclusions: The results of the current study indicated that cortico-cancellous xenograft
(Osteobiol Gen-Os) significantly improved of clinical and radiographic outcomes over the course
of the study.
canal and related vital structures as a pre-implant assessment using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.
Materials and Methods: 141CBCT scans were undertaken by Kodak 9500® Cone Beam 3D Systems and the
scanning parameters were 90 kV, 10 mA, voxel size 0.2 mm and medium field of view.
Results: The course of the mandibular canal reported (61.17%) catenary-like, (28.19%) progressive descent and
(10.64%) had a straight pattern. The buccolingual dimension showed that the mandibular canal was located close
to the lingual cortical plate (almost 2-3 mm) in the molar region and as it proceeds anteriorly it moves toward
the buccal aspect of the mandible to emerge finally through the mental foramen. The vertical dimension showed
that the canal was located almost 1 cm above the inferior border of the mandible and then ascended to reach the
mental foramen, which is located 15.72mm (range 13.82-18.25 mm) above the inferior border of the mandible.
Conclusions: Anatomic variations and lesions affecting the mandibular canal were common findings in the
CBCT images of the mandible produced for dental implant planning. An awareness of these alterations is important
for dentistry because some of them might require treatment, change oral surgery planning and difficult
inferior alveolar nerve anesthetic block.