Background: The provision of health education involving self-care and good adherence to medications has been acknowledged to be a cost effective strategy for improving quality of life of diabetes patients. We assessed levels of knowledge... more
Background: The provision of health education involving self-care and good adherence to medications has been acknowledged to be a cost effective strategy for improving quality of life of diabetes patients. We assessed levels of knowledge about type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), self-care behaviours and adherence to medication among DM patients. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional survey of 325 adults with T2DM patients attending Jimma University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia was conducted. We used diabetes Knowledge Test, Expanded Version of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities and Morisky 8-Item medication adherence as tools to measure diabetic knowledge, self-care behaviours and adherence to medications respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to assess the independent predictors of diabetes knowledge and adherence to medications. The binary logistic regression was applied for self-care behaviours. Results: 309 respondents were included in the survey. Of all the respondents, 44.9 %, 20.1 % and 34.9 % had low, medium and high level diabetic knowledge respectively. High level of diabetic knowledge was the reference group. Being illiterate (AOR = 3.1, 95%CI: 1.03-9.3), having BMI <18 kg/m 2 (AOR = 6.4, 95%CI: 1.2-34.9) and duration of DM < 5 years (AOR = 4.2, 95%CI: 1.9-9.5) were significantly associated with low level of diabetic knowledge. T2DM patients who practiced good self-care (AOR = 0.5, 95%CI: 0.3-0.9) were less likely to have low knowledge. Duration of DM < 5 years (AOR = 9.8, 95%CI: 3.2-30.2) was significantly associated with medium level of diabetic knowledge. 157(50.8 %) patients had poor self-care behaviour and this was associated with level of education and adherence to medication. The proportions of patients with low, medium and high adherence to medication were 24.9 %, 37.9 % and 37.2 % respectively. Being a merchant, having medium level of diabetic knowledge and having good glycemic control level were associated with low adherence to medications.
BACKGROUND: Previous evidence indicates that pioglitazone may improve dyslipidemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). AIM: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of either pioglitazone or placebo... more
BACKGROUND: Previous evidence indicates that pioglitazone may improve dyslipidemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
AIM: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of either pioglitazone or placebo with metformin on levels of serum HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) in patients with T2DM. A secondary objective evaluated changes in metabolic syndrome (MS)-specific parameters.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This multicenter, double-blind, randomized study was performed in patients with T2DM treated with metformin and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels between 6-8%, central obesity and reduced HDL-C. MS was evaluated from global changes in parameter values and expressed as a single factorial score following multivariate analysis of each parameter. 213 patients (110 in the pioglitazone group and 103 in the placebo group) were available for intention-to-treat analysis.
RESULTS: Pioglitazone-treated patients showed a significant increase in HDL-C compared to placebo group (6.3 mg/dl vs 3.0 mg/dl; p<0.01) in addition to a greater reduction in the extent of MS (-13.2 vs -4.9; p=0.0055). Upon study completion, patients treated with pioglitazone had lower levels of HbA1c (6.41±0.65 vs 6.96±0.74%; p<0.001) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (2.88±1.95 vs 4.68±3.63; p=0.013) and a reduction of the atherogenic LDL subfraction (pattern B) (-5.7%).
CONCLUSIONS: The beneficial effects observed in pioglitazone-treated patients in the present study, (i.e. the increase in HDL-C and the reduction of insulin resistance and atherogenic LDL subfractions), support findings from the PROactive trial, where pioglitazone showed pleiotropic effects and reduced death, fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and non-fatal MI in T2DM patients with MS. Furthermore, medication used in this study showed good tolerability.
From many reports it is clear that diabetes will be one of the major diseases in the coming years. Diabetes shows a wide range of variation in prevalence around the world and it is expected to affect 300 million by the year 2025. In a... more
From many reports it is clear that diabetes will be one of the major diseases in the coming years. Diabetes shows a wide range of variation in prevalence around the world and it is expected to affect 300 million by the year 2025. In a prevention framework where banning policies and educational strategies lead the interventions, functional foods (FFs) with their specific health effects could, in the future, indicate a new mode of thinking about the relationships between food and health in everyday life. Functional ingredients, such as cinnamon, garlic and onion have been addressed for their specific actions towards different reactions involved in diabetes development. This study was undertaken to assess the effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.) consumptions on metabolic parameters related to diabetes. The animals were divided into six groups: one control and five experimental groups. All injections (onion and garlic extracts 200 mg/kg b.w./daily for 15 days ) were oral administered (per os = p.o.) at the volume of 100 μl. Thirty minutes after the last injection animals were anaesthetized and decapitated. The blood samples were collected from the carotid artery. The results indicate that the application of onion and garlic extracts were reduced glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in blood serum of the mice with induced experimental diabetes.
Food and nutrition guidelines for the handling and processing of fresh fruit, bread, and vegetables are essential and fresh produce may require cold preservation procedures to prevent minimal bacterial and fungi contamination of food.... more
Food and nutrition guidelines for the handling and processing of fresh fruit, bread, and vegetables are essential and fresh produce may require cold preservation procedures to prevent minimal bacterial and fungi contamination of food. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) corrupt lipoprotein and amyloid beta (Aβ) metabolism in diabetes, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and various neurological diseases. In the developing world the increased plasma LPS levels induce non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and interfere with albumin and Aβ interactions with spontaneous Aβ oligomer formation in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain that leads to neuron apoptosis by inactivation of Starling's equation that is responsible for the maintenance of hydrostatic and oncotic pressure with relevance to fluid balance. In the developing world increased levels of LPS, mycotoxin and xenobiotics lead to irreversible neurological diseases by inhibition of Starling's equation for maintenance of oncotic/osmotic pressure that lead to neuron senescence or apoptosis. In the developed world nutrigenomic diets are required that prevent Sirtuin 1 gene repression and maintain neuron survival that links the brain and peripheral hepatic monomer Aβ metabolism. The maintenance of blood-cerebrospinal fluid capillary transport of albumin and monomer Aβ is relevant to stabilization of neurons not only in Alzheimer's disease but also in Type 3 diabetes and various neurological diseases. Healthy diets reverse the inhibition of brain to peripheral Aβ transport that is sensitive to Starling's equation for regulation of central nervous system hydrostatic and oncotic pressure with the prevention of diabetes, various neurological diseases and Alzheimer's disease.
Immunological disorders is among the most frequent and serious complications of diabetes mellitus An inflammatory response is usually accompanied by increasing leukocyte activation. Numerous medicinal plants have been used for the... more
Immunological disorders is among the most frequent and serious complications of diabetes mellitus An inflammatory response is usually accompanied by increasing leukocyte activation. Numerous medicinal plants have been used for the management of diabetes mellitus in various traditional systems of medicine worldwide as they are a great source of biological constituents and many of them are known to be effective against diabetes. Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. (Leguminosae) commonly known as fenugreek, is an annual herb, widely grown in India, Egypt, and Middle Eastern countries. It has been extensively used as a source of antidiabetic compound, from its seeds and leaves. The aim of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory effects of fenugreek on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. The animals were divided into four groups. Group I – control (C); Group II – diabetic untreated (DM); Group III –was administered purified from fenugreek (T. foenum-graecum) seeds (GII) in dose 100...
Immunological disorders is among the most frequent and serious complications of diabetes mellitus An inflammatory response is usually accompanied by increasing leukocyte activation. Numerous medicinal plants have been used for the... more
Immunological disorders is among the most frequent and serious complications of diabetes mellitus An inflammatory response is usually accompanied by increasing leukocyte activation. Numerous medicinal plants have been used for the management of diabetes mellitus in various traditional systems of medicine worldwide as they are a great source of biological constituents and many of them are known to be effective against diabetes. Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. (Leguminosae) commonly known as fenugreek, is an annual herb, widely grown in India, Egypt, and Middle Eastern countries. It has been extensively used as a source of antidiabetic compound, from its seeds and leaves. The aim of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory effects of fenugreek on streptozotocin - induced diabetic mice.
The animals were divided into four groups. Group I – control (C); Group II – diabetic untreated (DM); Group III –was administered purified from fenugreek (T. foenum-graecum) seeds (GII) in dose 100 mg.kg-1 body weight/day for 15 days (GII), and Group IV – diabetic treated with fenungreek (D+GII). Thirty minutes after the last injection animals were anaesthetized and decapitated. The blood samples were collected from the carotid artery.
Were measured in blood lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils in stained blood films.
The changes in analyzed parameters observed in the diabetes animals were also found to be significantly restored in fenugreek treated mice. The results demonstrated that extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum could be a potential herbal medicine in treating diabetes.
