1 MSc Student, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin Univer... more 1 MSc Student, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 2 MSc, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 3 Faculty Member, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 4 Faculty Member, Department of Statistics and Vital Sciences, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran * Corresponding author: Mohammad Moradibaglooei, MA of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty Member, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. E-mail: baglooei@yahoo.com
1 MSc Student, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin Univer... more 1 MSc Student, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 2 Faculty Member, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 3 Faculty Member, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 4 Faculty Member, Department of Statistics and Vital Sciences, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran * Corresponding author: Mohammad Moradi Baglooei, Faculty Member, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Email: baglooei@yahoo.com
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Exposure/Response Prevention (ERP... more Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Exposure/Response Prevention (ERP) combined with Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment for obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) patients who experienced stressful life events (SLEs), by comparison to ERP. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 OCD patients who experienced SLEs and were resistant to medication treatment. Participants were randomized to ERP plus EMDR (n=30) or ERP (n = 30) The Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-44) were completed before, after the intervention, and after a 3-month follow-up period. Treatment completion was compared using chi‐square tests, analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni post hoc test, and Reliable Change Index (RCI). Results: Dropout was significantly higher in the ERP group (P ˂ 0.05). Reliable change index was significant in both intervention groups (RCI < 1.96). Repeated syst...
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is known as a non-psychotic mental disorder resis... more Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is known as a non-psychotic mental disorder resistant to treatment. It has been found that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) can increase the effectiveness of its standard treatments. Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating the impact of exposure/response prevention (ERP) combined with EMDR as a treatment method on patients with OCD who had experienced stressful life events by comparison to ERP alone. Methods: The present randomized controlled trial was conducted among 60 OCD patients who experienced stressful life events and were resistant to medication treatment. The participants were randomly assigned to the ERP plus EMDR (n = 30) and ERP (n = 30) groups. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were completed before and after the intervention, as well as, after a follow-up period of three months. The scores were compared using the chi‐squared test, analysis of ...
The Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
Background Patients undergoing hemodialysis are prone to psychiatric symptoms due to considerable... more Background Patients undergoing hemodialysis are prone to psychiatric symptoms due to considerable changes in their individual, social and occupational life which can influence the course and prognosis of renal diseases. Objective The aim of the present study is to evaluate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis in Qazvin, Iran. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 120 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis in Qazvin, Iran. Prior to study, their demographic and laboratory data were recorded. Dialysis adequacy was assessed using urea reduction ratio (URR) and KT/V formula. Data collection tools were Beck's Depression Inventory, Beck's Anxiety Inventory and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and t-test. Findings The mean level of depression in patients was 13.72 where 79 (65.8%) had depressive symptoms. The severity of symptoms was mild in 47 (39.2%), moderate in 21 (17.5%), and severe in 11 (9.2%). Moreover, the mean level of anxiety was 9.73 where 16 (13.3%) had anxiety symptoms. Of 120 patients, only 8 (6.7%) had suicidal ideation. There was a significant negative association between dialysis adequacy and the severity of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation. Anxiety symptoms were more frequent among unemployed patients, and the increase in age was associated with the increase in suicidal ideations (P<0.05). Conclusion Regarding the high prevalence of depressive symptoms and existence of anxiety symptoms in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Qazvin, assessment of these psychiatric disorders along with effective therapeutic interventions should be considered.
The comorbidity of generalized anxiety and major depressive disorders and the challenges of distr... more The comorbidity of generalized anxiety and major depressive disorders and the challenges of distress disorders create a model such as emotion dysregulation. Objectives: The present study aimed at examining the emotion dysregulation model of distress symptoms in a community sample. Materials and Methods: A total of 508 individuals were recruited from a community sample, using convenience sampling method. The participants filled in the questionnaires that assess their safety motivation and emotional intensity, emotion regulation strategies (attentional control, acceptance, decentering, and reappraisal), and distress symptoms (depression, generalized anxiety symptoms, worry, and rumination). The structural equation modeling was used to assess the fitness model. Results: The model yielded a good fitness (χ 2 =64.51, df=26, χ 2 /df=2.48, P<0.001, CFI=0.97, GFI=0.97, PCFI=0.56, and RMSEA=0.05). The emotion dysregulation model of distress symptoms has an acceptable fitness. Conclusion: The mediating role of emotion regulation strategies in this model highlights the important effects of emotion regulation abilities in protecting individuals suffering from distress symptoms.
Background: Marital separation and divorce can be the most unpleasant event in the adult's life, ... more Background: Marital separation and divorce can be the most unpleasant event in the adult's life, and families will be hurt by divorce event. The prevalence of divorce has been increased in last decades. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the divorce cause among the divorce seeking men and women in Qazvin, Iran. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 572 (400 women and 172 men) subjects who requested for divorce and were referred to divorce and marriage office of Qazvin province during 3 month in 2009. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire, interviewing subjects and using Likert scale. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square test and Mann-Whitney (SPSS version 16). Results: The participants of the study included 400 women (26.5±7.4 years) and 172 men. In view points of women the primary wrong mate selection was main cause of divorce (59.8%), but the men believed that the families and relatives interference was the main reason for separation (43.7%). Among the respondents, mean score of "dependency to their families" and "unmet emotional needs" were 3.44±1.6 and 3.86±1.4 respectively. In addition mean score of infertility among men and women were 1.37±1.0 and 1.29±0.9 respectively. Conclusion: Wrong mate selection, unmet emotional needs, families' interference, and "dependency to families" are more important factors than traditional factors which are sexual or physical factors.
Introduction: Anxiety during pregnancy is a special emotional state related with different concer... more Introduction: Anxiety during pregnancy is a special emotional state related with different concerns during pregnancy including infant health and parturition, which is associated with an increased risk of a range of negative consequences for both mother and child. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive and behavioral therapy on the anxiety of mothers with pregnancy constipation. Methods: The present randomized clinical trial, which included 60 pregnant women with gestational age of 10 to 20 weeks referred to two comprehensive urban health services in Takestan during 2019. Subjects were randomly divided into intervention (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. Study tools included the short form of pregnancy-related anxiety questionnaire (PRAQ-17) and a constipation assessment scale in pregnancy. Intervention included 6-week 90-minute consultation sessions (one session each week) for five groups of 6 persons. Follow-up included immediately and one and two months after session completion. Repeated measures and Chi-square analysis were used for data analysis. P-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean of pregnancy anxiety scale, immediately, one month and two months after the intervention was significant (P<0.001). In terms of time and group interaction significant difference was observed (P<0.001; F=29.776), In other words, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of pregnancy anxiety over time. Conclusion: The present study indicated the beneficial effect of cognitive and behavioral therapy model on the anxiety of pregnant women with constipation, and it is recommended as a non-pharmacological approach to reduce their anxiety.
Introduction and objectives Pica is an eating disorder characterized by the persistent ingestion ... more Introduction and objectives Pica is an eating disorder characterized by the persistent ingestion of substances that the consumer does not define as food. The exact cause of pica is often unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of pica during pregnancy and its related risk factors. Method This cross-sectional study was carried out in health care centers in west of Tehran. Three hundred women were selected by stratified sampling method from the population. Demographic information and characteristics of pica during pregnancy, such as the kind, the onset, duration, frequency and the reasons, and also iron supplementation status before and during pregnancy and kind of infant feeding were collected via interview and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by chi square test and logistic regression in SPSS 16. Results The prevalence of pica among the studied population was 8.33 %, and pagophagia (ice and freezer frost) was the most common form of pica which is characterized by the ingestion of non-food substance (76 %). Sixty-four percent of women reported practicing pica regularly on a daily basis. In this study, there was significant association between pica practice and education, unwanted pregnancy, pregnancy complications, the levels of economic satisfaction, iron supplementation during pregnancy, kind of infant feeding, and type of delivery. However, there was no significant association between pica and age, employment, pregnancy ranks, the history of abortions or stillbirths, infant sex, and iron supplementation before pregnancy.
1 MSc Student, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin Univer... more 1 MSc Student, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 2 MSc, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 3 Faculty Member, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 4 Faculty Member, Department of Statistics and Vital Sciences, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran * Corresponding author: Mohammad Moradibaglooei, MA of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty Member, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. E-mail: baglooei@yahoo.com
1 MSc Student, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin Univer... more 1 MSc Student, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 2 Faculty Member, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 3 Faculty Member, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 4 Faculty Member, Department of Statistics and Vital Sciences, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran * Corresponding author: Mohammad Moradi Baglooei, Faculty Member, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Email: baglooei@yahoo.com
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Exposure/Response Prevention (ERP... more Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Exposure/Response Prevention (ERP) combined with Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment for obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) patients who experienced stressful life events (SLEs), by comparison to ERP. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 OCD patients who experienced SLEs and were resistant to medication treatment. Participants were randomized to ERP plus EMDR (n=30) or ERP (n = 30) The Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-44) were completed before, after the intervention, and after a 3-month follow-up period. Treatment completion was compared using chi‐square tests, analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni post hoc test, and Reliable Change Index (RCI). Results: Dropout was significantly higher in the ERP group (P ˂ 0.05). Reliable change index was significant in both intervention groups (RCI < 1.96). Repeated syst...
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is known as a non-psychotic mental disorder resis... more Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is known as a non-psychotic mental disorder resistant to treatment. It has been found that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) can increase the effectiveness of its standard treatments. Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating the impact of exposure/response prevention (ERP) combined with EMDR as a treatment method on patients with OCD who had experienced stressful life events by comparison to ERP alone. Methods: The present randomized controlled trial was conducted among 60 OCD patients who experienced stressful life events and were resistant to medication treatment. The participants were randomly assigned to the ERP plus EMDR (n = 30) and ERP (n = 30) groups. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were completed before and after the intervention, as well as, after a follow-up period of three months. The scores were compared using the chi‐squared test, analysis of ...
The Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
Background Patients undergoing hemodialysis are prone to psychiatric symptoms due to considerable... more Background Patients undergoing hemodialysis are prone to psychiatric symptoms due to considerable changes in their individual, social and occupational life which can influence the course and prognosis of renal diseases. Objective The aim of the present study is to evaluate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis in Qazvin, Iran. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 120 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis in Qazvin, Iran. Prior to study, their demographic and laboratory data were recorded. Dialysis adequacy was assessed using urea reduction ratio (URR) and KT/V formula. Data collection tools were Beck's Depression Inventory, Beck's Anxiety Inventory and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and t-test. Findings The mean level of depression in patients was 13.72 where 79 (65.8%) had depressive symptoms. The severity of symptoms was mild in 47 (39.2%), moderate in 21 (17.5%), and severe in 11 (9.2%). Moreover, the mean level of anxiety was 9.73 where 16 (13.3%) had anxiety symptoms. Of 120 patients, only 8 (6.7%) had suicidal ideation. There was a significant negative association between dialysis adequacy and the severity of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation. Anxiety symptoms were more frequent among unemployed patients, and the increase in age was associated with the increase in suicidal ideations (P<0.05). Conclusion Regarding the high prevalence of depressive symptoms and existence of anxiety symptoms in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Qazvin, assessment of these psychiatric disorders along with effective therapeutic interventions should be considered.
The comorbidity of generalized anxiety and major depressive disorders and the challenges of distr... more The comorbidity of generalized anxiety and major depressive disorders and the challenges of distress disorders create a model such as emotion dysregulation. Objectives: The present study aimed at examining the emotion dysregulation model of distress symptoms in a community sample. Materials and Methods: A total of 508 individuals were recruited from a community sample, using convenience sampling method. The participants filled in the questionnaires that assess their safety motivation and emotional intensity, emotion regulation strategies (attentional control, acceptance, decentering, and reappraisal), and distress symptoms (depression, generalized anxiety symptoms, worry, and rumination). The structural equation modeling was used to assess the fitness model. Results: The model yielded a good fitness (χ 2 =64.51, df=26, χ 2 /df=2.48, P<0.001, CFI=0.97, GFI=0.97, PCFI=0.56, and RMSEA=0.05). The emotion dysregulation model of distress symptoms has an acceptable fitness. Conclusion: The mediating role of emotion regulation strategies in this model highlights the important effects of emotion regulation abilities in protecting individuals suffering from distress symptoms.
Background: Marital separation and divorce can be the most unpleasant event in the adult's life, ... more Background: Marital separation and divorce can be the most unpleasant event in the adult's life, and families will be hurt by divorce event. The prevalence of divorce has been increased in last decades. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the divorce cause among the divorce seeking men and women in Qazvin, Iran. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 572 (400 women and 172 men) subjects who requested for divorce and were referred to divorce and marriage office of Qazvin province during 3 month in 2009. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire, interviewing subjects and using Likert scale. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square test and Mann-Whitney (SPSS version 16). Results: The participants of the study included 400 women (26.5±7.4 years) and 172 men. In view points of women the primary wrong mate selection was main cause of divorce (59.8%), but the men believed that the families and relatives interference was the main reason for separation (43.7%). Among the respondents, mean score of "dependency to their families" and "unmet emotional needs" were 3.44±1.6 and 3.86±1.4 respectively. In addition mean score of infertility among men and women were 1.37±1.0 and 1.29±0.9 respectively. Conclusion: Wrong mate selection, unmet emotional needs, families' interference, and "dependency to families" are more important factors than traditional factors which are sexual or physical factors.
Introduction: Anxiety during pregnancy is a special emotional state related with different concer... more Introduction: Anxiety during pregnancy is a special emotional state related with different concerns during pregnancy including infant health and parturition, which is associated with an increased risk of a range of negative consequences for both mother and child. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive and behavioral therapy on the anxiety of mothers with pregnancy constipation. Methods: The present randomized clinical trial, which included 60 pregnant women with gestational age of 10 to 20 weeks referred to two comprehensive urban health services in Takestan during 2019. Subjects were randomly divided into intervention (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. Study tools included the short form of pregnancy-related anxiety questionnaire (PRAQ-17) and a constipation assessment scale in pregnancy. Intervention included 6-week 90-minute consultation sessions (one session each week) for five groups of 6 persons. Follow-up included immediately and one and two months after session completion. Repeated measures and Chi-square analysis were used for data analysis. P-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean of pregnancy anxiety scale, immediately, one month and two months after the intervention was significant (P<0.001). In terms of time and group interaction significant difference was observed (P<0.001; F=29.776), In other words, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of pregnancy anxiety over time. Conclusion: The present study indicated the beneficial effect of cognitive and behavioral therapy model on the anxiety of pregnant women with constipation, and it is recommended as a non-pharmacological approach to reduce their anxiety.
Introduction and objectives Pica is an eating disorder characterized by the persistent ingestion ... more Introduction and objectives Pica is an eating disorder characterized by the persistent ingestion of substances that the consumer does not define as food. The exact cause of pica is often unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of pica during pregnancy and its related risk factors. Method This cross-sectional study was carried out in health care centers in west of Tehran. Three hundred women were selected by stratified sampling method from the population. Demographic information and characteristics of pica during pregnancy, such as the kind, the onset, duration, frequency and the reasons, and also iron supplementation status before and during pregnancy and kind of infant feeding were collected via interview and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by chi square test and logistic regression in SPSS 16. Results The prevalence of pica among the studied population was 8.33 %, and pagophagia (ice and freezer frost) was the most common form of pica which is characterized by the ingestion of non-food substance (76 %). Sixty-four percent of women reported practicing pica regularly on a daily basis. In this study, there was significant association between pica practice and education, unwanted pregnancy, pregnancy complications, the levels of economic satisfaction, iron supplementation during pregnancy, kind of infant feeding, and type of delivery. However, there was no significant association between pica and age, employment, pregnancy ranks, the history of abortions or stillbirths, infant sex, and iron supplementation before pregnancy.
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