Lemma Shallo

Despite the fact that there have been a large number of biogas plants built in Ethiopia, to what extent the installed plants have contributed to reducing energy expenditure and increasing income has not been empirically examined. Therefore, this study studied factors that influence adoption of biogas technology and effects on rural household energy expenditure in south Ethiopia. Data were collected from 246 sample households, 123 biogas adopters and 123 non-adopters. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select sample households. For data analysis, propensity Score Matching and Binary logistic regression models were used. The logistic regression results showed that access to credit (p < 0.01), access to electronic media (p < 0.05), and farm size influenced the adoption of biogas technology positively and significantly (p < 0.05), whereas distance to water sources influenced negatively and significantly (p < 0.05). The average treatment of the treat...

This study aimed to investigate determinants of tax compliance in Ethiopian Revenue and Customs Authority (ERCA) the case of Hawassa Branch. Survey conducted using primary data collected from 185 sample tax payers’ and secondary data collected form published and unpublished documents. A combination of both stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the sample tax payers. The study used descriptive method to assess the compliance situation and ordered logistic regression was applied to examine the main determinants of tax compliance level. The results of the study revealed that the compliance situation of the branch was low. Tax audit, strength of the tax authority and educational level, tax rate, tax compliance cost, corruption, referent group, tax payers’ attitude towards tax and tax payers’ awareness about the tax law were found to be statistically significant effect on tax compliance. Thus, these factors should be given due consideration to enhance tax p...

ABSTRACT The main objective of this study is to investigate factors that determine the functionality of bio-digesters in southern Ethiopia. Data were collected through personal interview of adopter households using a semi-structured questionnaire and focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Results indicated the proportion of the functional status of digesters was ‘never operate’ (17.9%), ‘poor’ (19.4%), ‘fair’ (18.6%), ‘good’ (17.2%) and ‘excellent’ (26.9%). Sex of household head, household total income, institutional technical follow-up and support, and level of satisfaction with the biogas programme service significantly and positively influence the functionality of bio-digesters. Whereas, distance from residence to water source and to the nearest market for appliances significantly and negatively influence the functionality of digesters. Advances in these perspectives could improve the functionality of bio-digesters, the reputation of biogas technology among members of communities as well as help ensuring a sustainable energy security in rural Ethiopia.

Background Renewable energies such as biogas are considered as clean sources of energy that minimize environmental impacts and are sustainable with regard to current and future economic and social needs. Biogas offers an attractive option for replacing the unsustainable usage of traditional energy sources such as firewood, cow dung, and charcoal in developing countries. In Ethiopia, these energy sources have been in decline. To address these challenges, mainly in rural areas, biogas technology has been domesticated since 2009, as seen in the National Program. The purpose of this study is thus to examine factors that influence households' decisions of adopting biogas technology in rural areas in southern Ethiopia. Methods A sample of 268 households with 134 biogas adopters and 134 non-adopters were surveyed using simple random and purposive sampling techniques, respectively. The data were collected through individual interviews of households using a semistructured questionnaire. ...

The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of motor pump adoption and its impact on Smallholders Farmers’ income, in Southern Ethiopia. Primary data were collected from 140 sample respondents drawn from both motor pump adopting and non-adopting households. Secondary data were also collected from different sources. Descriptive statistics and econometric model were employed for data analysis. The logistic regression estimation of factors determining adoption of motor pump revealed that age of household head, gender, education level, availability of shallow ground water, number of adult family members, farm land size, participation in local organization and access to credit significantly influenced adoption of motor pump. Propensity score matching method was applied to analyze impact of motor pump adoption on outcome variable. The result revealed that motor pump adopting households had increased annual agricultural income on average 88047.49(Birr) per year compared to non-a...

The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of motor pump adoption and its impact on Smallholders Farmers' income, in Southern Ethiopia. Primary data were collected from 140 sample respondents drawn from both motor pump adopting and non-adopting households. Secondary data were also collected from different sources. Descriptive statistics and econometric model were employed for data analysis. The logistic regression estimation of factors determining adoption of motor pump revealed that age of household head, gender, education level, availability of shallow ground water, number of adult family members, farm land size, participation in local organization and access to credit significantly influenced adoption of motor pump. Propensity score matching method was applied to analyze impact of motor pump adoption on outcome variable. The result revealed that motor pump adopting households had increased annual agricultural income on average 88047.49(Birr) per year compared to non-adopting households. Result showed that adoption of motor pump has significant positive impact on household annual agricultural income. Therefore, the study recommends establishing private manual well drilling enterprises at local and regional level to provide low cost access to ground water for pro-poor farmers that would expand the irrigated farm production area, and encouraging enterprises that combine the supply of standard pumps, technical support and spare parts to farmers and market for the produce would greatly improve the use of water lifting technologies (motor pump) and brings economic benefits to farmers. In addition, provision of well-functioning credit facility to improve adoption rate by female farmers to address gender imbalances.

This study aimed to investigate determinants of tax compliance in Ethiopian Revenue and Customs Authority (ERCA) the case of Hawassa Branch. Survey conducted using primary data collected from 185 sample tax payers' and secondary data collected form published and unpublished documents. A combination of both stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the sample tax payers. The study used descriptive method to assess the compliance situation and ordered logistic regression was applied to examine the main determinants of tax compliance level. The results of the study revealed that the compliance situation of the branch was low. Tax audit, strength of the tax authority and educational level, tax rate, tax compliance cost, corruption, referent group, tax payers' attitude towards tax and tax payers' awareness about the tax law were found to be statistically significant effect on tax compliance. Thus, these factors should be given due consideration to enhance tax payers' compliance behavior and improve government's revenue collection in Ethiopia.

The main objective of this study is to investigate factors that determine the functionality of bio-digesters in southern Ethiopia. Data were collected through personal interview of adopter households using a semi-structured questionnaire and focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Results indicated the proportion of the functional status of digesters was 'never operate' (17.9%), 'poor' (19.4%), 'fair' (18.6%), 'good' (17.2%) and 'excellent' (26.9%). Sex of household head, household total income, institutional technical follow-up and support, and level of satisfaction with the biogas programme service significantly and positively influence the functionality of bio-digesters. Whereas, distance from residence to water source and to the nearest market for appliances significantly and negatively influence the functionality of digesters. Advances in these perspectives could improve the functionality of bio-digesters, the reputation of biogas technology among members of communities as well as help ensuring a sustainable energy security in rural Ethiopia. ARTICLE HISTORY

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of soil and water conservation practice on rural farmers' crop productivity in Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data were employed for analysis in this study. About 190 sample respondents were selected for the primary data collection. Descriptive statistics with appropriate statistical tests and a non-parametric estimation method, propensity score matching were used for analysis. The result of propensity score matching indicated that soil and water conservation practice has a positive and significant impact on crop productivity of 6 quintal per hectare (3300 Ethiopian Birr) for maize crop and 3 quintal per hectare (3600 Ethiopian Birr) for haricot bean crop because of the intervention. Thus, for agriculture dependent countries like Ethiopia, soil and water conservation is vital in improving the livelihoods of the rural farm households through improving crop productivity. Yet, to realize the intended outcomes, more awareness creation and continuous support are needed from government especially ministry of Agriculture and nongovernmental institutions working on agriculture to promote the soil and water conservation practices by farmers.

A study was conducted to identify
change on wheat productivity and to determine factors influencing the choices of the strategies, in
Arsi Zone of Oromia Regional State Ethiopia. Field survey was conducted on 196 smallhol
farmers using a multistage stratified random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and
Multinomial logit (MNL) were used to analyze the data. Results from the descriptive statistics
indicate that drought, flood, crop pest or disease and storm were
faced by the sampled household farmers. The majority of the respondents (81.6 %) faced crop pest or
disease followed by drought. More than 74 % of the sampled households used adaptive seed varieties,
and soil and wat
strategies to cope with adverse effects of the risk factors on wheat production and productivity.
Results from the MNL model indicated that the direction and magnitude o
vary across adaptation strategies. On top of that, the type of risk factor households’ encounter
influenced the type of adaptation strategies chosen to adapt to or mitigate the effects of the climate
risk factors. Strengthening ex
appears instrumental. In this regard, awareness creation through regular trainings, extension services
and mass media are vital particularly in enhancing existing adaptive practices like lat
planting, seeding rate management, provision of subsidy modalities or credits for purchasing adaptive
wheat varieties, and construction of locally feasible physical structures for conserving soil and water.
Above all, provision of reliable agro
help households manage appropriate adaptive strategies.