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Use of Coir waste for soil reinforcement
Use of Coir waste for soil reinforcement
Rakesh ReddyRelated Papers
Soil stabilization has become a major issue in construction engineering and the researches regarding the effectiveness of using natural wastes are rapidly increasing. The use of natural fibers to reinforce soil is an old and ancient idea. Consequently, randomly distributed fiber reinforced soils have recently attracted increasing attention in geotechnical engineering. The main aim of this paper, therefore, is to review the, benefits, properties and applications of coir fiber in soil reinforcement through reference to published scientific data
The Biggest challenge in a developing country like India is to build a full network of road system with limited financial source available. Use of local materials can considerably lower down the construction cost. If the stability of local soil is not adequate for supporting wheel loads, the properties are improved by soil stabilization techniques e.g. use of geogrids, using randomly distributed fiber, or waste plastic in the subgrade soil, this can help in improving strength of subgrade. Research has been done in this area to improve engineering performance of subgrade soil by adding different types of waste plastic content. In this study different types of waste plastic were randomly mixed with the soil, then a series of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were conducted to evaluate the strength of subgrade soil. High density polyethylene (HDPE), Low density polyethylene (LDPE) and Polypropylene (PP) at various percentages were used for improving soil strength. Results from the CBR tests established that addition of these materials in subgrade soil gives efficient strength to subgrade soil. It was observed that the CBR value increases with increase in fiber content up to a certain percentage but decreases with further addition of waste plastic content. The pavement sections has been designed with the modified subgrade using HDPE, LDPE & PP and the critical strain values at the top of the subgrade and at the bottom of the bituminous layer has been analysed and compared with the allowable values as per IRC: 37-2012 for the traffic loading of 150 msa for the four lane divided state highway project. The reduction in the crust thickness and saving in the project cost has been compared for the different subgrade with different waste plastics and by varying plastic contents.
An experimental study is conducted on local soil i.e. silty sand (SM) mixed with varying percentage of coal ash and coconut coir fiber. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests are conducted on the soil mixed with coal ash/coir fiber/ both. The percentage of coal ash by dry weight of soil is taken as 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. A significant increase in UCS and CBR value is observed for addition of 20% of coal ash in the soil.UCS value is maximum (1.81 kg/cm 2) for 20% coal ash mixed with soil. The unsoaked and soaked CBR values as 10.5% and 5.6% increase to 27.7% and 14.6%, respectively. Rate of increase in CBR values decreased after further addition of coal ash beyond 20%. Randomly mixed coconut coir fiber is included in optimum soil-coal ash mix (i.e. 80% soil and 20% coal ash) and varied as 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0%. UCS value increases substantially with inclusion of coconut coir fiber in soil-coal ash mix. The optimum percentage of soil-coal ash-coir fiber mix is arrived at 79.75:20:0.25 (by weight). Adding of these waste materials (coal ash + coconut coir fiber) results in the increase strength of soil and less thickness of pavement due to increased CBR of mix and hence saving of the stone aggregates in base and sub-base course for sustainable development in construction of highway.
Soil is very important in civil engineering constructions. The poor engineering properties of the local soils may present many difficulties for construction and therefore need to improve their engineering properties. Stabilization techniques can be used to improve the properties of soil. Soil stabilization improves various engineering properties e.g. bearing capacity, compressibility, strength, and various other properties of soil. In this paper we study the impact of fly ash and coir fiber to improve the strength of soil.
The performance of a pavement is very responsive to the characteristics of the soil subgrade, which provides base for the whole pavement structure. For that reason of utmost significance the performance of pavements is enhanced by adopting proper design and construction schemes. Million tons of fly ash produced from various thermal power plants is low unit weight, non-plastic, very fine and disposed in slurry form into ponds covering huge area. The ash acquired from ponds gets directly airborne and thus constitutes a serious pollution threat to the society. These materials have a low load carrying capacity, degraded settlement distinctiveness and their utilization in civil engineering works is a tough assignment. On the other hand the performance of these materials can be improved by using soil reinforcement procedure. It can be used as a pavement sub grade with the help of Geotextile sheets as reinforcement. In this study, samples of fly ash compacted to its maximum dry density at the finest moisture content is organized without and with Geotextile layers in the CBR mould. Geotextile sheets equal to the plan dimensions of CBR mould is placed in distinct preparations of 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th layers at different locations (i.e. at different embedment ratio, z/d) in the CBR mould. Subsequent to each arrangement of Geotextile, the CBR (California Bearing Ratio) values are evaluated in the laboratory and compared with the results of CBR values earlier than including geotextiles.
Over the last few years, the construction of highways and roads has taken a boost. This requires a huge amount of natural soil to excavated or to be deposited which is an environmental issue and economical too. These issues motivates in development of alternative methods and thus leads to the reuse of suitable industrial by products. Pond ash is one such by product. Expansive nature of black cotton soil generates lot many problems in pavement construction. Thus for good performance and long life of road it is important to improve the properties of black cotton soil. This study deals with improving the properties of black cotton soil through addition of Pond ash and naturally available coir fibre which is an environmental friendly option. During this work, a series of tests such as CBR test, compaction test and Unconfined compression test were carried out. Percentage of pondash varied from 20, 40, 60 and 80 % whereas percentage of fibre varied from 0.50, 0.75, 1 and 1.5%. Results of laboratory investigation revealed that 60% pondash, and 1% of fibre were optimum for the improvement of strength characteristics of soil stabilization. Flexible Pavement design are also done for both stabilized and non stabilized soil subgrade and the results were compared.
Transportation Geotechnics
Evaluation of Lateritic Soil Stabilized with Arecanut Coir for Low Volume PavementsBlack cotton soil is typical expansive soil have inherent property of shrinking when they are dried and swelling water is absorbed. For all structure, the foundation is very important and it has to be strong to support the entire structure. In order for the foundation to be strong, the soil around it plays a very critical role. To work on soils, we need to have proper knowledge about their properties and factors which affect their behavior. Expansive soils always create problems more for lightly loaded structures than moderately loaded structures. In this paper the experimental results obtained in the laboratory on expansive soils treated with industrial waste Coir Pith (CP) treated with 5% of NaOH as a stabilizer are presented. A study is carried out to check the improvements in the properties of expansive soil with Coir Pith in varying percentages. The test results such as liquid limit, Modified proctor compaction, and Unconfined Compression strength test obtained on black cotton soil mixed at different proportions of Coir Pith as an admixture ranging from 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5% and 4%. The plasticity index (PI) of 2% & 3% addition of coir pith is less compared to untreated BC Soil. The max dry density (MDD) of 2% &3% addition of coir pith is more compare to untreated BC Soil, optimum moisture content (OMC) is reduced compare to BC Soil. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) for BC Soil treated with 2%and 3% compare to untreated BC soil.
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