D IE W. du R EG SET IESE IM PL IK A SIES VAN B U IT E- EG T EL IK H EID Pl e s s i s D ep arto m en t Ro m e in s e Re g , PU vir' CHO. A BST R A C T In t h is a r t ic le illeg itim acy . ce r t a in c o n st r ain t s as w e l l . the tors its su ch of fin a lly to th at an d of n ate w ith th is the the a the state o p in io n , leg al im p o sed sa t isfact io n reg ard to van st ig m a d ie w at b ep aald e now h as th at th e kom aan d ie to if d ie k in d ook The on n eed s vo o r. h as Van k in d 218- k leef, su sp en d the to of The h et the au th o r to elim i­ it sh o u ld th erefo re D raft n o ted Bill in illeg it im at e c h ild . vro eg ste o w er h e id sw eë of f ie ld im p o sed , a the how­ p r o b le m the be is too. f ee ls, d evelo p ed th e as an d att itu d e not b alan ce . sit. su ch A f r ic a au th o r It d ie im ­ w ith So u t h p ro p o sed upon sain elew in g van to The be th e c h ild . the fac­ N et h er lan d s, w ith the sh o u ld of c o n sid er ed , sy m p at h e t ic t h e e t h ic a l red ress leg al c o n s t r a in t s b u it e - e g t e lik e law . in vo lvem en t Co m m issio n d ie m ore statu s c o u n t r ie s, the do a san ct io n w aarm ee a a u t h o r it ies th e co n cep t, facto rs. h o w ever, from to not It a ly , of c h ild , n o n - ju r id ical in leg islat io n an d Law the act e t h ical the of the e v o lv in g , the s t a t e 's w êreld w yd p r o b lem e b e p e r k in g e - b y sh ift ed th at p aren ts rem o ve Bu it e - e g t e lik h e id een th e of is c h ild h as of o verseas th at th e fu rth er, the th en m o th er upon of sid e term s Brita in , co m m u n it y, co n st r ain t s on cer t a in th e p r o b lem illeg it im at e as c e r t a in an d of r e s u lt the in asp ects the ille g it im a c y is t h e n in th e the w ell r e lig io u s em erg es an d to from as c o u n t r ie s, It e t h ic o - ju d icia r y Fo llo w in g a d e f in it io n co n sid er e d att itu d es ch ild att itu d es as are b io lo g ic a l, im p o sed ille g it im a c y , be the ch an g ed im p o sed of att itu d es to w ard s A f r ic a . b oth co n st r ain t s is b een the c lin g in g in h er it an c e , ch an g ed So u t h w ith st ig m a ex am in ed . t h e Sc a n d i n a v i a n to w ard s state, h ave so cial, d eals the illeg it im acy as referen ce A m er ica, ever, of m ain t en an ce, p o r t a n t q u est io n The au th o r Th ese are th en r e su lt s c h ild , the Be c a u s e As d it af tyn af g ev o lg d aarto e o p g elé is d it van d ie g elei d at is. D ie vraag is b ep er k in g s v e r s k e ie of d ie w at o o rsese aan g estel om n K in d • as as so d an ig in cest al is in d ie na d ie oo van k ateg o riee d ie o u ers k o n sep sie • w an n eer w an n eer d ie • as d ie is m et nog d aar o n d erso ek . b esig k in d K in d e r s so h et n o d ig reed s In d at d ie is. In Ko m m issies Su i d - A f r i k a is d ie n o n d erso ek . d ie (V a n reg d er n ie. Om d it b in n e - e g lo lik h e id , b in n e- e g t elik V yver en as tyd en s k o n sep sie o f g etro u d d ie van d ie k in d er s na g eb o o rle le g it im a t io p er aan g en eem w ord . n ie in een verw ek k in q van van ( s p n r l J) , n ie g e t r o u d d it w il een d ie van d ie 1 7 9 ): tyd p erk van af w as; ve r n ie en d w as en d ie h et; in d ie h u w e lik tree, g eld Ru h s o q i i o n s ; 1 b o g en o em d e k in d er s in v e r k la a r d ie k in d r n .i t r i m o n i u m in 1980: is o f p n t a t ie f e g t e lik d e r V y v e r e n Jo u b e r t b u it e- e g t e lik e sp e e lk in d e r s o n ers b in n e te v e r d u id e lik g ek yk . hy Jo u b e r t , m ek aar h u w elik as n ie o m s k r y f k in d w at k ateg o riee w ord teen k an t, d ie b u it e - e g t e lik . Van 1. En g e l a n d , te veran d er w o rd , g eb o o r t e m ot d ie o u er s sp reu k d ie val van tot h o o g g ereg sh o f • o p g elê BU T T K - K íi T F.I.IK IIF.l l )? d aar vo lg en d e so d an ig af b y vo o r b ee ld aan g eleen t h eid Re g s k o m t n i s s ie o o k Bu it e - e g t e lik h e id w ord o w er h e id sw eë lan d e, d ie Su i d * A Í r i k a a n s e 1 WAT I S g em een sk ap sg evo el van k ateg o riee (1 9 8 0 : 1 / 9 ) s l u i t val n ie, is d ie vo lg en d e in sê w as n ie , k in d er s m aar w ie se o u ers w e l m et m e k a a r tyd en s kon g etro u h et; W e t t ig in g d eu r d ie d a ar o p v o lg en d e o u ers. 219- h u w elik van d ie tw ee verw ek k en d e 2. o o r sp elig e, k in d e r s of alb e i m ek aar 3. (a d u lt e r In L ), d ie o n er s tyd ens k in d er s b lo e d v e r w an t sk a p n vn rd ere dour d ie 2 w i! sc k in d er s cjetro u d w as, van m aar w ie een n ie m et n ie; b lo ed sk an d ig o 4. d it ve rw ek k in g g ro ep k u n sm at ig e vad er of ( in c o st \ io sO , n ie m et k an ook m ek aar b yg evo eg in so m in asie m o ed er van k in d is is o tters k an w o en s n ie; w ord verw ek d ie d ie tron en en d it w aar is k in d er s w at d ie sk en k er n ie n ie. DTK (ÏKV0 1 / ÏE VAN IHJIT K- RCT RLIKIIK1 1 ) D ie r e g sg e v o lg e w at o p g eso m w ord : of b u it e - o g t e lik h e id in d ie en p lig t e 2 .1 atg em een D ie s t a t u s sp reu k m nnkfc #oon n ie. D ie teen o o r hy as 2 .2 is K in d d at n k in d d ie t t o m ein s is o n d o T h o n d sy eg ter ma van en d io 2 .3 Nn n m , en k o r t lik s d at statu s in v lo ed van op so o s vo lg o n w eltig h eid so ‘n b ep aald e k in d recite h et. reg g eld , is g est e ld d erd e so ten n aam lik d a t ” ’n k in d o p sig te p artye d an van w at h u lle «o n r o o r d c r riie sy o n w et tig verh o u d in g aan b etref, w ord k in d so d an ig e o u e r o n d e r h o u d sp lig t ig k in d d ie 'n fam ilieled e k an m en in g b esk o u . k in d D ie tref, van op w el b etref an d ers vad er van is. d o m ls llie , sy In d i e h o f b o s l i s d a t d i e p a s o w e l as b eh eer d it H o llan d se d ie sleg s o n d erh o n d wol in v lo ed d at eh is k in d Wat n a t u u r lik e k an m aar d ie p o sisie hy alg em en e v .i i i b u it e- e g t e lik D io 'n van so k in d (1 9 7 7 : 3 2 2 - 3 2 3 ) n ie, b a st ar d ". sy b u it e- e g t o lik e g een h et teen o o r D io d ie Ro b e r g n at u u r lik e li/ iinb v d i e m a in Sa c k o u er k ry (1 9 7 4 d ie g eval as 2 SA van 'n d aar 670 b u it e b ew ys (T )) h et eg t o lik e is. vo o g d y on verk ry d ie ma se t o esig oor d ie k in d van en toognng en is vo lg sy - 220- ook h aar w ctt ig e d o m isilie. vo o g . In Sy D avid s h et ook v D avid s (1 9 1 4 w el 2 .4 W LR k in d van sy van hom 3 .1 h et d ie to eg an g F . r f r e g t e 1 ik o D ie 3 142) re d e lik e k an in testaat n ie (V a n N ip - J u r Id le s t * S o s Jn l e D ie d ie d. d ie k an n ie Il u l l e d an o n er van d ie k in d h aar f n m ilieled e H u llo erf k an ook in aar n ie n ie in t e s la a t 1 9 7 7 : 9 9 ). on tk en h et m o et al m o et d at k an d aar n ie b lo o t h oe m eer t u isb ly b u it e- p g t elik e t e m ak e m et en in k in d er s w eg g ered cn eer an d er w o rd e n k e lo u e r s en o m st an d ig h ed e g ro o tw o rd . f iik t o r o ter sp rak e w ord . D ie by k in d er s w at w eten sk ap g em een sk ap sg evo el h et d eu r k u n sm n lig e v o o r u it g e g aan in sem in asie in aar nog n ie n ie. f n k to r e D ie Kerk w at d aarm ee in d ie alg em en n saam g aan k eu r ten b u it e - e g t e lik e sterk ste ve r h o u d in g s en ( Ji t af. f n k lo r n D ie g e m r e n s k a p s h o u d in g n en Ro w la n d , b estaan alleen k in d er s Go <ls (H t t n s t i D ie n at u u r lik e RU1 T F .- F .G T E M K IIF .fi) V < X)K T VU )E f w at k om F .t f e s e m o ed er M erw e en g cm een sk ap Bio lo g in s o verw ek d ie h e. fn k to r o D ie an d er D it c. d er n ie. k in d er s as d at m ag en d ie s e f a m ilie n ie . g cm een sk ap n ie. k in d fnk to rn b estaan b. van n a t u u r lik e v a d er erf b eslis d ie p o R is t e P RO B I.EM K WAT H IT a. hof tot st ig m a w at m in d ere of aan teen o o r b u ile- e g t e lik e m eerd ere m ate. - 22 1 - s u l k e k i n d e r s m o et k in d er s k feef, b ep aal w o rd . b estaan nog in 3 .2 D ci íi r b est - f l/ ln As g ev o lg o n ers D io is ook van nog d ie se o p t r e d e p o sisie nog n ie D ie vraag w at d en i van vn rd ere r e g sb p p o rk in g e, m o et d ie k in d as g ev o lg van d ie verw ek is, ly. d ie k in d w at d eu r d it d ie o u ers b ep er k in g r . w at u it g e k la a r b estaan d ie b yk o r n o .n d e p r o b l n n m k u n sm atig e in sem in asie n ie. o< n it se b clan g e of d ie van b u it e- e g t e lik h eid d ie k in d vo o rt vlo ei, is, g ed ien w o rd . D ie norm » van g er eg t ig lie id D ie vraag k an ook m o et it g estel en b illik lie id w o rd of d ie k o in reg h ic r ter sp rak e. hom e n ig s in s m et d ie v r a a g b em o ei. s tm ;h a aan m i it t - í- k o t f . i. ik h f.ji> ■1.1 Ar I e r j i r o m l D ie h o u d in g saam g evat "t h e van w ord b astard , m o t le y cro w d resen ted , u la r it y (K r a u s e , h et k in d . w at so n in iig e van d is r ep u t ab le en d u red . p erso n c th ief typ es an d b eg g ar, w h ich so cie t y He is a liv in g ev id e n c e of co n tram o ral as o ld van d ag nog h et, k an D avis: lik e th e p r o s t it u t e , of u n d en iab le an d u n so lved b elo n g s sym b o l h as of so cial fo rces; as h u m an to th at g e n e r a lly in ir r e g ­ sh o rt a ex ist en ce it s e lf .” 1 9 7 1 ; 2 1 T.) h et b lo ed b an d e o n tw ik k el d ie en w oord e - a p r o b le m f am ilieb an d e Van d ie a lw ay s an d p r o b le m Vro o cr vr o e iir , in om van vro eg ste In p er so o n lik e p erm an en te b elan g tye af D eu t ro n o m iu m en w e t t ig o verh o u d in g e r e g ie te b ep aal sk ep W e t t ig lieid D aaro m w as g ew ees. w as 2 3 :2 d aar reed s staan - d aar 222- n st ig m a d at g een aan d ie k in d b u it e g eb o re eg t r lik e u it n b u it e - e g t e lik e d ie In ve rh o u d in g d ie b ep aal h et m et hy n ie , tyd van teen na g elan g (K r a u s e , sy n ie o u ers d an D e r t ie n d e k in d b esk o u . n In n ie. hof aan eeu se van d ie M ere h et hy alle g ev o lg lik h et n ie. b a s t a r d " (V o e t d ie 38 m ag kom r e g ie w at vraag is en n ie tot in d ie o n er s h et d at (K r a u s e , k in d n ie (R o e k d ie k in d g een is reg sb an d o n d er an d ere b eg raw e m ag 1 ar t ik e l d ie w e m ill in s2 . en d al w ord x x x v iii) kon hy veran d er. "e e n m o ed er g ev o lg lik h et t o n eelsp elers G e v o lg lik k in d reel d ie statu s se o p t r e d e g e k le e f so o s hy b a k le ie r s, d ie w ord d ie o n w et tig e se 1 9 7 1 : 3 ). | ,n i i f l r o r . h t teen o o r k in d In m aak t vin - n - vis sy d an d ie g een m o ed er n ie. hoe d ie h o u d in g in d an now o o r sn sp . tot van d aq veran d er h et? I nud e A n m rik n D ie A m er ik an er s k in d er s w at d it stryd in m ag n ie op h et reed s b u it e- e g t e lik K o n stitu sie. n en f M l b is g eld Vo r n n r icr r ie lio u r iin g a. n D ie b e p e r k in g e , n ie ro w ers, h o u d in g reg 17 2 1 ) b en ad eel w ees as w as g ee n sin s M id d eleeu e Sn c l i o n s p i ogr> I lig b ep crk . w at d a a r aan g ek leef Hy h et h et, Verd ere m ag hom d ie se lf d e Ro m e in s - llo lla n d s e Gro te d ie n ie g e ë r f M ettertyd A.2 h u is g eh ad d ie s k u ld g eh ad ook D ie in van in d ie m o ed er 1 9 7 1 : 3 ). g e t u ie h et Ko n statyn h u lle d ie D ie d ie t ie n d e g e s la g . k in d er s ook in is m et A lm al gron d n ik sb e d u id en d e d ie w o rd van in g eb o re I9 G8 sek o re is, o n g eld ig ve er t ien d e d aar vo lg e n s afk o m s p erso o n - 223- w et g ew in g laat am en d em en t as g ely k g e d isk r iin in e e r w at teen v e r k l a a r o m d at van b esk o u w ord n ie en lu illo d aar (l ,«* v y v Lo u is ia n a In s . 391 Co . 391 A lh o ew e l d ie US US b yvo o rh eetd vn d ers d ie d ie d ie of w at reg k in d er s. an d d ip van In L ia b ilit y d ie D ie w ord p o sisie sek ere k in d k in d h o in van b eh o u n ie d ie so o s eers d i e in a d ie v a d o r d e u r te s e n aar n iem an d a n d e r s n ie. p er so o n lik e m en se te van slate , h u lle n at u u r lik e o n d erh o u d e lae van d ie m et w on o n w et tig e b esk erm en 96” p erso n e b ev o lk in g g ek ies k in d er s g e ly k st e l 8 6 o h et g evo el d at d ie o w er h e id h et m o et b e n a d e e l b lo o t o p g r o n d m o et i n g r y p q ean tw o o rd d at van s y g eb o o rle n ie. l a i n It* lan d e b in n e - e g le lik e d ie d ie h et n ie. n ie i n t e s t a a t n ie. se b e la n g e N o o rw eeg se h et pa ve r sk ille n d e van n ie ’n k in d tu ssen erf 2031 u it 78” Sk a n r l i n n w i n s o Dip d ie k an ook g ed o o d h et hy k in d er s afk o m s Gu ar an t ee. h et, as a f h a n k l ik e as (1 9 7 1 : 1 / 3 ) m et w e t t ig e om p is g evo er. A m er ican veran d er h o ef far n ilie n alatig e op t red e h et, c . se sr Il l i n o i s , v vo ran d cr n ie K in d e r s h y h et g een in al nog M isso u r i, en Krau se b. k in d n ie of (ïl o n a h o u d in g b u it p - eg t elik e on d orh ou / 3; 7 3 ). D en e alle h et al in 1915 d ie en b u it e - e g t e lik e b ep e r k in g e o n g elyk e vet h o u d in g k in d er s o p g eh ef. In 1960 b u it e - e g t e lik e k in d o p g eh ef. Br i t t a n jo Ook in H r it t an je veran d er. d aar n ie n v e r sk il sim p at iek e Pa r r y as b o n d in g w ord n ie. m eld b u it e d at en d at Sy d aar is d ie van m en in g o n w et tig e d aar m eld teen o o r eg t e lik teen o o r (1 9 7 / : 1 2 9 ) w e t t ig e m eeb rin g b o n d in g (1 9 8 1 :5 ) g eb o o rtes d ie lla g g e t tu ssen n o o d w en d ig g p d isk r im in ee r 'n h et Br e n d a sed ert k in d er s teen d at d ie d aar b u it e- e g t e lik e in Br itt a n je k in d er s is. In 1 0 °. Hy verw ys na 224 - n o n d erso ek d it k in d reed s b estaan . 1945 o n g e v e e r g e r eg ist rep r b estaan o n w et tig e ri h a l f m i l j o e n En g e t a n d is d i e p e r s e n t a s i e k i n d e i s w a t p e r j a a r b u i t e - e g t e l i k o n g eveer d at alh o ew el en W allis g eb o re w o rd , w a.ir m e e d ie F. n g e f s e Re g s k o m m i s s i e h et op b elas w as en w at b u it e - e g t e lik h e id . k in d er s op g o ly k e vo et o n d er D ie m ot an d ere b et r ek k in g h o o faan b evelin g b in n e - e g t e lik e w as k in d er s g eh ad d at d ie g ep laas m oet w o rd . D ie ve r slag ook u it d ie verw ek is, K in d e r s erf. d at k an in b aie m aal is k in d er s m o o n tlik in 1981 w at v e r k la a r m o et in testaat to o g esk ryf b u it e eg t o lik u it g o b r in g . d eu r b ly k in sem in asie w o rd . van h u lle w ord w as D it k u n sm at ig e en n at u u r lik e vad er s aan d ie io it d an d ie t r o o n o p vo lg in g d at h u lle erf. It . n l I r Bu it e - e g t e lik e een of alb ei As g ev o lg w e in ig n o u ers ak sie t iet 1942 en sy As teen o u ers g ev o lg g esk eel o u ers d ie v e r a n d e r in g 30 (M a y e l l o , b ly k g een o n ers aan D ie in stet, m aar d ie n ad o le erk en , d ie in k in d k in d g eh ad k in d kon w el m o es self d ie 'n k in d 11 d ie reg k an b esk erm in g k in d er s se v ir van so tref. Se l f s b esk erm in g van A p r il b u it e- e g t o lik e ten aan sio n p o sisie se w e n t ig e r ja r e d is k r im in e e r , h et ak sie d it d ie g een aso f h ot. h et K o n stitu sie lyk ten sy h et, k o ste v e r o o r d e lin g D it d ie n ie , erk en g ek leef k in d so h et d ie se lf d e Ee r s *n ft aliaan se Bu it e - e g t e lik e b u it e- e g t o lik e as so siale m eeg eb rin g . k in d er s statu s hom so erk en . van m in d e r w aa r d ig . d ie w at van k in d n g en iet . h et w atter A r t ik e l reg steed s st ig m a n ie. h et It a l i c k in d er s b in n e - e g t e lik e d ie D it m in in n at u n r lik e d ie teen d ie v e r le e n sy d ie c Jr a . It a lia n e r s al k in d er s van van on d erh o u d e. verw ys B r i t l a n j e w el k an k o n in g s d . hy b in n e 'e g t e l i k D it m o es w aarn a ve rslag is w as van eg ter w ette o n w et tig w at v e r k la a r 1 9 7 6 : 5 0 3 ). d an d at v e r o o r d e lin g teen in g est eld h o id van ook d ie h ie r b u ile d ie m en se w aar d aar eers e g t e lik e k in d w as, veran d er Nn d n r l mi t l 225- h et. groot d ie so siale p o sisie en Ook h ie r h et M in k en h o ff tw ee d ie lem as w at " h o o g h e i d " en of d ie k in d Vro eër w at d ie d aar b u it e- e g t e lik e saam lo o p , m o et d ie a f k e e r v ir so n ly b esk o u van as van m o et d ie h u w o lik g evo tg van o w e r sp e l en k in d kon h an d d ie h et. Veral d ie k in d se w ord , so d at d ie k in d van o ile r s d ie d ip v r a a g se o p tred e. e n ig e m ed elye o o rh eers. Il y e r f r e g t e lik e so w el van n aam lik tw eed en s b ep leit o in d at d ie g e m e e n s k ap reg g eslel ei f w ord , en veran d er. aan d ie b lo ed sk an d e b estaan , se p o s is ie m o et v e r a n d e r k an k in d er s b u it e- e g t e lik h eid veran d er fam ilie f. teen "h e ilig h e id " d an h et k in d h o u d in g (1 9 7 8 : 2 9 ) m e e n d a t p o sisie sy vad er b u it e d ie d at se g evo el as m o et d ie se ( M i n k e n h o f f , 1 9 7 8 : 3 7 ). Ru i d - A f r i k n D aar w ord V o lg e n s d aag lik s n 1978 Bla n k e 32 887 g eb o re g eb o o rtes b u it e - e g t e lik . n ie g e ïg n o r e e r b ly k u it D ie t y d s k r if t e h o u d in g vraag g estel sim p atie b ejeën 'n a r t ik e l en of d it D it b ly k m et d ie Bu it e - e g t e lik h e id d at w ees. m a 's T e h u ise d ie lo o p U it ’n n m eer k an o n g eh u d e ar t ik e l d an in Be e ld sim p atiek e afg elei m a 's d an w ord d ie k in d er s, w at 73 216 on g eveer k in d er s w ord as k an h et. - 226- d ie u it as en is reed s k in d is iets d ie D ie w at So w o r d m o ed er 1983 en b eso n d ers as se lf m eer m et p o p u lêre t y d s k r if t e , iet s om o n d erso ek e in 'n b estaan . 1 9 8 3 : 2 6 0 ). 1 9 8 5 :9 ) jeen s d ie of b eh o u k in d er s (K r u g e r , d aar k in d er s "O n g e h u d e k in d er s h u lle d at d at ook t it el g ed o en h o u d in g o u er (A n o n , leeg r a m s a- liu w e lik sv e r e n ig in g h oe m eer d ie D ie H iit sg en o o t d ie U it b u it e- e g t e lik e b u it e- e g t e lik e en feit van 267 k o eran t b erig te d a ar o p ". d ie w as 3 w as K le u r lin g k in d e r s 4 9 °o b u i t e - e g t e l i k . jaar g eb o re. (1 9 8 4 : 3 3 ) Re g s k o m m is s ie GG 8 2 4 eg n ie. w ord aan g etref k in d er s van b estaan teen o o r w ord . so o s b y v o o r b e e ld d ie to taal d ie se lf d e w ord sim p atiek e k an 'n o n g eveer van dus van n it is, 4^ , D it Su i d - A f r i k a w erk stu k b y v o o r b e e ld in in dui d aar trots b o sk ryf op tro ts w at d aaro p te d eu r d at al g ro o tm aak . b ly k k in d d it d at o p en b aar. g em een sk ap sg evo rl ook ook t eo lo ë D aar u it veran d er D ie en r eg ver d ig h eid w een s sy k in d D ie k in d In 19/ 9 m aak na d aar d at d ie D ie van d ie w aarin as 'n d eu r saak V v na b en ad eel d aar teen m oot w ord n ie m eer van d ag d ie b u it e- e g t e lik e d ie w ord van reg v ir d ie sy o n ers se r n isst ap p e g em een sk ap o p g elê is, op lief eg ter n ie n ie. SA verw ek aan leid in g van is 100G ( 1 ) ) b n slis b u it e- e g t e lik d ie d at is. n D ie g em en erey en m et horn lei h et k in d r e g le r verw y sirig sk ryw ers. d at d ie m o et h o fsaak g elio u R (1 9 7 9 3 d ie reg ter g em een sk ap m eerd erh eid d ie van in g r yp se d ie laat b o n d in g m o d ern e om d ie k in d n ie d ie p o s is ie van o f d ie h o u d in g en van n ie an d er reg w at d e u r v e r k la a r d ie sleg s en jtiriste. se d eu r d ip d ie g o d sd ien st ig e p o sisie o n er ó f d ie Hy v ia te eg ter verb eter, k in d verb eter b eveel aan m id d el v a n sal verw an te d aar w e t g e w in q aan vaar in sem in asie v e r w e k w ord . Re g s k o m m is s ie van d at k u n sm at ig e reg sw eë af is v e r b ly d e n d b ep lo it b er o e p e lllan n , w ord 1 9 8 2 :4 9 , n ie, 1T>9; aan g esien m aar ook Sn o w d e n d ie d eu r en 1 9 8 1 :1 9 ) KF. RSHF. N01Ï I I NC OF t alle C19 Í Ï 4 : 1 1 7 ) k in d b in n e- e g t elik M it r .h e ll, is n ie o m d at d at b illik h e id F. N BUI TF. - F. GTF. I . 1 K1I F. U) m een Re g sk o m m iss ie m ed ici D ie w at b esk o u in g e, v e r a n d e r in g 6 k in d m en in g n ie w o id D ie d ie n ie, lio u d in g in sein in asie een se w etg ew er aan g esien h et 'n ( 1 9 B 0 : G3 ) o o r t u ig in g is, in b e s lissin g t r ad isio n ete d at ook van d isk r im in a sie n ie aan d ad ig I NSEM1 NASI F . Se w e n t i e n d e St r a u s s v ir vei an d erd e k u n sm atig e d ie vereis m isst ap p e b estaan b e p er k in g e KUNSMA T I GF , is k an D ie 5 d eu r red e se i s clan n ie. n ie . d ie d it o u ers r asio n e le w at (1 9 8 4 : 3 8 ) Re g sk o m m iss ie h et hom NI F. ? r ee< ls m e t d i e b ep e r k in g s op d ie k in d s i t u a s i e b em < - ei . g ep laas. - 227- A s q evo lg van d ie st ig m a D ie so siale, D aar u it D it et iese b ly k H an d el d an d it oor k in d er s D it b ly k n ie . en d at 'n d at d it d ie eg saam w o o n k an k in d er s. G o d sd ie n st ig D ie is vraag van sy aan hom eg ter o u ers of tot m o et k in d Hy 7 D IF. RK GSET 1 KSF. 1 H IM ,! KAS1 ES Pl e s s i s (1 9 7 8 : 8 0 3 ) n o r m ag t ig h eid D ie staat a IIe m en se k an d ie k an ag sy in k an d ie in sk ad e Pl e s s i s , in r e lasies d ie j u r i d ie s e trou stel d it As g ed ran g t e r r e in h e r s t e l, Van m aar So k an sal b in n e v ir d er van d ie d ie Vyver reg et iese d ie d ie d ie is n ie is. en w at so o s w ord g eslag en om vro eër teen o o r d ie afk eu ren sw aard ig . m o et g evra d ie w o rd , in d aar v ir d ie so n d es d at o n sRelf b u it e- e g t e lik d it g eb o re en Van m en s is et iese 'n d ie b e t r o k k e n e s w o rd . D ie d ie et iese u it am p sb elan g e m o et w o r d . se g esin d h eid n ie m en se n ie . Il o e w e l reel k an van D ie reg n ie (D u d w in g om n b u it e- e g t e lik e n ie g e v o lg e v i r d ie sam elew in g so 'n ver h o u d in g g eb o re w o rd , lif t . (1 9 8 2 : 1 3 5 ) g eld in g vo ld o en (D u kom , k an tref • 228- g eld D ie D ie Pl e s s i s , d ie r eg sreël so n d er reg reg h o ef m o et n ie aan eg ter d ie 1 9 7 8 : 8 0 9 - 8 1 0 ). staat w aar (V a n g een g ee. n ie . o w er sp el, r e g sg e v o lg e as b esten d ig h et d it e e r b ie d ig of betree en hé Zyl te w o rd , h erstel b y vo o r b ee ld te d aaraan g ed ran g d it d ie b et ro u b aarh eid n ie. reg is, van g es in d h e id , verb reek et iese sam elew in g m o et w esen saard w at m o et k in d er s o n sed elik h e id m et d it n ie d ie eg stan d aard et iese staat b y v o o r b e e ld aan g etas Waar m aar d ie m in im u m w an n eer en g ev o lg e n ie , g ren se n ie is, en d ie et ies o n aan vaar b aar ’n vierd e b esk erm n ie. m eer d ie w ord van g ro n d g eb ie d k in d er s so d an ig V o lg e n s is h o u d in g steed s g estraf d at n ie g e s k e i 1 9 7 8 : 8 0 4 ). of n eem . as d it saam leef im m ers ve r h o u d in g k an vraag stu k o n aan vaarb aar nou ve ran t w o o r d e lik h e id st e llin g se g esk o n d e te so siale u it ee n g e sit . n ie. v r y w illig e en h ie r b o n ie g e t r o u d veran d erd e is en h et w ord en en w at so d ie d an d erd e te Du reed s eiiese et ies u it b eo o rd eel, d ie b eso ek ? n p erso n e m eer w ord d ie in van is verw ek . n ie afg elei asp ek te h o o f saak lik sam elew in g b u it e D it g o d sd ie n st ig e d aarvan d ie d er k en n is b elan g e V yver Sl e g s en van n eem d erd es Van Z y l, 1 9 8 2 : 1 3 ! ) ). n ie, D ie m an e o p D aar et iese d ie b estaan g em een sk ap v e r o o r d e lin g n ie n vaste, d it vas d aarvan . D at d ie g em een sk ap n o o d w en d ig g o ed n ie k in d er * in ag n ie an d ei* s g en eem g esê en 'n is ook d ie g eva) n ie te n afk eer van D ie w ord b ep aald e d er V y v e r b eh an d el n ie. reg en D ie is Van op d ie o u crs n ie d ie H et, d ie aid w in g in g m aak d it n ie 1 9 8 2 :1 1 0 ). e g t e lik e k in d e r s reg sw eft b u it e- en g eh ad h et, b in n o - o q tp | jk e v e r a n d e r d e o m s t a n d ig h e d e m o et o o k d ie d ie norm v ir g evo el Z y l, d ie b u it n van m o et an d ers et iese v e r a n t w o o r d e lik h u l l e o p t r e d e o in w ord . g ed o en en (V a n O m d at d ie g em een sk ap d it in o n ver an d er lik e slel reg ver d ig b eru s k in d . b alan s h an d h aai resu ttaat w at d ie t tissen reg d it w at boong h et, g ed o ern . As g ev o lg van b u it e - e g t e lik h e id d ie 8 staat non d ie van staat d ie o p tree om se et iese b em o eiin g na d ie staat d ie c m g ely k h eid h et se le d ie t e r r e in p r o b leo m v e r s k jif van en m o et h e r s t e l. JU R N U K SK OORDKKT. D ie b u it e - e g t e lik e k in d en d ie feit g e ïg n o r e e r d at w ord b u it e - e g t e lik e om As aI d ie n w ord , So n f lan n n ie. k in d san k ste g elê n it icin an d tu ssen b e p e r k in g as d at k an af te w o rd . V o lg e n s st aan p lek van d ie w et van d ie k o n k rete op hef. w eg Du d ie Go d n ie Ple s s i s vo lle d ig e m oet situ asic an tw o o rd , d aaraan k an k an w at n an vaar van op te n ie d ie w ord D it d ie o n ers k in d n ie , n om d o el en 810) is van d aar is vo lg en s n d ie sy aI w yse d ie am p en is van d ie Go d g eg ew e D aaro m is d ie reg so sin le D ie o p g etree m en s d ie vo lm ag op d ie m en s d an d it te n ie. n ie. p o sitief w aaro p erf o m d al reg m o et o p g ele k an et iese vo ld o en . - 229 van a ik e u r e n sw a a r d ig e d ie of o p g elê w o rd w ord w at d in d it w ord n ie (1 9 7 8 : 8 0 9 m en s b eh o o rt b estaan b eg in , b e p e r k in g e b elio o r t in t o st aat r e g s w e ë d it alle g ev o lg d an g rb ru ik en reg horn o p g e l ê w o r d , ag terstan d W et g ew in g as m o et o p g eh ef *n r u im . vro u , van m et d ie te tref en d w in g n eg at iew e b e p e r k in g e m o et d ie o u e r n ie lew e d ie in stru m en t w aard eo o rd ele sy is, m o es m an b y v o o r b e e ld w eer k in d D aaro m b e p e r k in g e verh o u d in g e n af d i e b e p e r k i n g e w a t so in v e r b ly d e n d d at d ie op d ie (1 9 8 - 1 : 1 1 6 - 1 2 5 ) Re g s k o m m is s ie verb an d o p g estel lin t , b u it e- e g t e lik e w aarin k in d g ep o o g g elé is, op 'n k o n sep w etso n tw erp is om al te lie f. d ie b e p e r k in g e in d ié w at d aar OP S OMMIN O D ie b estaan k an n ie van b u it e - e g t e lik h e id g e ïg n o r e e r b u it e- e g t e lik h eid o w er h e id sw eë w ord g n k leef statu s, D ie g estel vraag w o rd lio o f saak lik D ip '1 1 en van d ie w esen saard g esin d h e id , k an d ie d ie b ep aald e sk ad e D ie reg h et hom n eein . n ie in o et m et d ie van so d ie d ie is et iese k an m et sterk '1 1 d ie d ie van as b in n e- e g t elik e d ie aan d ie d ie in ag D it h et p r o b leem w at b em o ei. n eem . van m en se van al n ie b em o ei en staat m en se reg k an veran d er in o et h et so d an ig d ie D ie d ie D ie b u it e- e g t e lik e p o sisie k in d d ie w ord . g ein een sk ap d ie g ep laas. aan van af d o m isilie b e in v lo e d . m ort b elan g e g eraak van tye v e r a n t w o o r d e lik h e id st e llin g aan g e le en t h e id d ie en m et staat st ig m a in g r yp en ig sin s v r y w illig e w at vro eg ste sy is, saam h an g st ig m a r e g sp o sisie n o r m ag t ig h eid g esin d h eid h o u d in g reg n en d ie vraag stu k b etree van d ie reed s D ie in eo r D aaro in et iese d aan n ee d ie p o s is ie en horn m aat sk ap lik e d ie m aar se w at van van af k in d reg b et ro u b aarh eid van d aar d ie d ie g r o n d g eb ie d h erstel k en n is d aar t e r r a in is p r o b lem e g ev o lg sy e r f r e g t e lik e of et iese w at op d ie As h et, b ep er k in g s o n d er an d ere sy en n ie . in d ie n ie. d aarvan v e r a n d e r d at k leef n ie. b u it e - e g t e lik e k in d k in d g elyk stel. B T B WOC R A n F . ANON. 299: 1983. 264- 266. BO BER G , DU P. Pl.FSSIS, g e r e g t ig lie id . O n g eh u d e m o ed er en tro ts d aaro p . D ie M u isg en o o t . (1 9 8 3 - 1 0 - 2 7 ). 1977. I. .M . The law 1978. (D o k t o r a l e of p erso n s D ie an d ju r id ie se p ro o fsk rif. - 230- PU v ir th e f am ily . re le v a n s ie C IIO .) Kaap stad van : Ju t a . C h r is t e lik e H A G G ET T , Lo n d o n : MANN, J. B. 1977. Sw e e t an d 1982. K R A U SF . , Th e p erfect D .IL 1971. Th e Bo b ’s M e r r il K RiiG FR, R g ed w in g . Pa r e n t s 1976. Vol 2. N ew K in d (1 9 8 5 - 0 1 U. p r in cip le of in : O cean a M IN K EN H O F F , A .A .L . r e la lio . Sa m e n - l e v e n . b u ile 19/ 8. o ver D even lo r M L. an d th e law . : W e id en f H d an d N ico lso n . so cial p o licy . In d i a n o p o l i s : 1981. eg so n d er k eu se in ’n sitn asie of (In c h ild r e n Ba t e s, b orn F . o u tsid e 1he ch ild m ar r iag e an d an d the law . g eb o ren de n ie t : u it tot h u w elijk se een b u it en - h u w elijk se een ve r slag r e lat ie , van M aart h et 1978, K lu w e r .) C o h ab it at io n . So c i a l w ork an d the law . I ondon : Bo s t o n : M ax w ell, R. SN O W D E N , Geo rg e an d In l e y d i n g e n Le id e n . an d law H et k in d , Co n g ress Sw e e t w ork Pu b l i c a t i o n .) l.a n d e le lijk e PA R R Y , I. o n d o n d ie rig h ts law . g eh o u d en te So c i a l 3 0 ) :9 . I ho e q u alit y Yo rk (In b ab y. Il l e g i t i m a c y , 1985. the ch ild r e n . Co m p an y. Be e ld M A Y FI.L O , an d M ax w et l. A llen ST R A U SS, an d an d M IT C H EL L , (h i ar t if icia l f am ily . U n w in . S. A . p ract itio n e r 1 lie G .D . 1980. G en et ic G en et ics an d m an ip u lat io n : so c ie t y . The Cap eto w n leg al : lia b ilit y O x ford of the U n iv e r s it y Pr e s s .) SU ID A F R IK A A N SF . Werk stu k VAN D F.R M F . R W E, erfreq . R F . G SK O M M ISSIIi . O n d erso ek na b u it e - e g t e lik h e id . 7. Pr e t o r i a N . J. : Van FN RO W LA N D , d o r W ilt 3 de - 231 C . J. u it g . 1977. D ie Su i d - A f r i k a a n s * VAN D ER V Y V ER , O o st lu iiz en , ve r sity VAN 1980. e .a. G en et ics J. D . en The an d leg al statu s so cie t y . of the h om o Kaap stad : n o vn s. O x ford f in U n i­ Pr e s s .) D ER V Y V E R , Kaap stad VAN J. D . C .G . D ER : JO U B E R T , D . J. 1980. Pe r s o n e en Fa m il i e r e g . Ju t a . V Y V ER , reg sw eten sk ap . J. D . D u rb an en : VAN ZYL, Bu t t e r w o r t h . - 232- E . J. 1982. In l e i d i n g tot d in