Wren Library-Trinity College, Cambridge A.G.W. Murray Collection of Arabic papyri and texts on paper and parchment Description by Petra M. Sijpesteijn 1 Ar. 1 AMULET Recto: 20 lines written in black ink, in a very fine hand on parchment complete on all sides; end of lines have elongated letters; many horizontal and vertical folding lines and a discoloured patch on verso indicate that document was worn as amulet in container; no diacritical dots Amulet repeating the pious formula (la ilah illa huwa = there is no god but He) Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.1 (h) x 5.1 (w) 4th-5th AH/10th-11th AD Ar. 2 AMULET Recto: 67 lines printed on dark brown paper with block print; 6.5 cm long block with large decorative writing at the top of the page; lines in main text are interrupted by bands of decorations; complete on all sides; some holes in the text; ink is smudged in many places; no diacritical dots Amulet containing the phrase: la ilah illa huwa = there is no god but He Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 25.5 (h) x 5.0 (w) Fatimid period (AD 10th-12th) Ar. 3 a LETTER Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on light brown paper; top and right margin preserved; one small lacuna; some diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures in basmala Fragment of a letter written to someone addressed as “my lord” (ya-sayyidi), the sender conveys that he has sent the addressee something or someone; rest of fragment consists of blessings on addressee (adama ‘izzaka = may He increase your position) Verso: 2 lines written in same direction and with same hand as recto; top and left margins preserved Continuation of letter on recto paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 8.7 (h) x 8 (w) 2 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 3 b LETTER Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on brown paper; two small lacunae; top, left and right margins preserved; some diacritical dots Complete note asking the addressee to pay Musa the rent of … dirham and a daniq (= 1/6 of a dirham) for a stable (dar al-istabl) Verso: traces of ink at bottom of paper paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.3 (h) x 6.7 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 3 c LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light paper; broken off on all sides; left bottom corner torn away; no diacritical dots; some unconventional ligatures Fragment of a letter mentioning that a female person was with the addressee (kanat ma’i) and that the addressee has sent something (fa-in kunta tathbutu al-…) Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.8 (h) x 4.7 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 3 d NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 10 lines written in black ink on light brown paper; top and right margins preserved; no diacritical dots; List of gifts (hiba ) received from third persons (Muhammad b. al-shaykh Abu …); a date is written at the beginning of the text following basmala; 382 AH (991/992 AD) same as that mentioned on verso Verso: 1 line in same hand and same writing direction as recto; containing same date as recto 382 AH (991/992 AD) paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 13.3 (h) x 6.0 (w) 3 382 AH/991-992 AD Ar. 3 e ACCOUNT Recto: 5 lines written with black ink on brown paper; right and bottom margin preserved; no diacritical dots List of names and produce (grain) they are owed; (Abasa [???] the guard) Verso: traces of 2 lines written in same direction as recto; bottom and left margins preserved; some diacritical dots paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 9.0 (h) x 5.0 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 3 f LETTER Recto: 8 lines written with black ink on light brown paper pierced by many wormholes and one line in right margin; left, bottom and right margins preserved; 8 horizontal folding lines at two cm intervals; some diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures especially in greeting formulae at beginning and end of letter Complete letter; requesting the sender who is addressed as “my brother, my lord” (ya-akhi, ya sayyidi ) to tell a third person the amount (wa-ta’arifuhu al-qima ) and get from him 11 gold necklaces (wa-tatasal minhu qilada dhahab ‘adadaha ihda ‘ashara ) and announcing that the price of some products will be conveyed to the addressee; the sender also refers to a third person who is his colleague and friend (wa-huwa sahibi wa-mahbub alayya ) and for whom the sender has to do something without delay (wa la-tuakhkhir ‘anhu {‘anhu} dhalika ) LEGAL DOCUMENT Verso: 13 lines written in same direction as recto and two lines written at a 180° turn compared to recto; some diacritical dots Sales document of half a faddan of land bought by Hamid b. ‘Abd al-Qawa for one and a half dinar from Tamam b. Shanuda; the four borders of the property are defined; the money is defined as being whole, weighed coins (bi-mal mablagha min al-‘ayn al-wazin …) ends with a waranty against faults in ownership (damana lahu al-darak min sa’ir al-nas ) and two witnesses, one autograph, one written by someone else; dated Thursday, 4 days passed from Shawwal 504 AH (22 April 1111) paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 18.5 (h) x 13.2 (w) 504 AH/ 1111 AD 4 Ar. 4 a LETTER Recto: 7 lines written in black ink on brown paper; left, bottom and right margins preserved; no diacritical dots, many unconventional ligatures; Fragment of a note recording that the sender has asked some people about some matter (wasa’altuhum bi-l-hajja ); Arabic number “3” at bottom of paper Verso: 6 lines written in black ink; left and bottom margins preserved; older text than recto Note containing Arabic number “4” at end of line 4 paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.5 (h) x 6.4 (w) 7th-10th AH/AD 13th-16th Ar. 4 b LETTER Recto: 5 lines written in faded black ink on light brown paper; complete on all sides: two horizontal folding lines at 2.5 cm distance and two vertical folding lines at 1.7 cm distance; no diacritical dots Note recording that Muhammad paid three ratls (artal ) bread, dated 4th of Ramadan year 3?? Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.7 (h) x 5.6 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 4 c PEN TRIALS Recto: 9 lines written in black ink on brown paper; no diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures; three horizontal lines dividing the text; right and bottom margin preserved; 4 horizontal folding lines at 2.5-3 cm distance and 1 vertical folding line Trials of formulae, among which the basmala; text is divided by three horizontal lines Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 13.0 (h) x 9.5 (w) 7th-10th AH/AD 13th-16th 5 Ar. 4 d LETTER Recto: 6 lines written in black ink on light brown paper; no diacritical dots, sin has a horizontal line over it; bottom margin preserved; some unconventional ligatures Fragment of a letter blessing a third person (atala allah baqa’ahu = may God prolong his life) and mentioning that the sender asked someone about something the latter mentioned (wa-sa’altuhu ‘an al-… yadhkuru an[…) ACCOUNT Verso: 7 lines written in black ink; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures; written in same direction as recto; three horizontal lines divide the text List of Greek letters used as numerals and sentence containing the date “Friday” paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.7 (h) x 11.0 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 4 e LETTER Recto: 8 lines written in black ink on brown paper; top and left margins preserved; some diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures Fragment of a letter noting that the sender has written to a woman (katabta laha) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: traces of two lines of black ink different hand than recto written in same direction paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 20.6 (h) x 4.3 (w) 8th-9th AH/14th-15th AD Ar. 4 f LETTER Recto: 6 lines written in black ink on dark brown paper; few diacritical dots; left and right margins preserved; one horizontal folding line Fragment of a letter blessing the addressee, addressed in polite third person, very extensively and wishing him all the progress and success in life without difficulties including some unusual formulae (atala allah baqa’ahu wa-adama ‘izzahu wa-ni’amahu wa-harasa hibahu wa-ja’alani min kull su fidahu = may God prolong his life and may He increase his position and may He protect His gifts and may He make me for all evil his ransom) LETTER 6 Verso: 4 lines in different hand than recto; later than recto; complete on all sides; few diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures Beginning of a letter containing blessings for a third person (rahimahu allah wa-radda ‘anhu = may God have mercy on him and be pleased with him) paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.4 (h) x 17.3 (w) 5th-6th AH/11th-12th AD Ar. 5 LITERARY TEXT Recto: two pages from a codex; 11 and 12 lines in brown ink faded in some places written on light brown paper; complete on all sides (margins 2.5 cm); several large lacunae; some fragments belonging to same and other texts are grouped around the main pages; many diacritical dots Text mentions “God’s book” (kitab allah ); some parts are in direct speech ( verso l. 6-7 qultu khabarni bi-abi wa-ummi ) Verso: 11 and 12 lines written in same direction and same hand as recto with later writing in black ink in the margin Continuation of the text written on recto paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 15.4 (h) x 13.4 (w) and 15.8 (h) x 13.4 (w) Ar. 6 a LETTER Recto: 16 lines written in black ink on light brown paper and one line in right margin; 18 horizontal folding lines at irregular intervals; left, bottom and right margins preserved; diacritical dots; end of a letter by a man to an elder couple (his parents?); sender expresses hope that he be relieved of his worries concerning the addressee, who is addressed as “my lord” (ya-sayyidi), the noble one (ya-sharif) and shaykh; he also asks about a woman and the people of her house (alsaghir wa-l-kabir = the old and the young), saying that he misses all of them; he conveys greetings to the people of the house and of the neighbourhood and urges the two addressees to send him a letter via Hashim asking him for anything they need Verso: 5 lines written in same hand at a 180° turn compared to recto End of the letter started on recto conveying greetings to different people and their mothers and the people of the neighbourhood. paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7 18 (h) x 8.2 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 6 b LITERARY TEXT Recto: 14 lines written in black ink on light brown paper; few diacritical dots; complete on all sides Fragment of a literary text about being washed with water and purifying substance, a demand to pray for the “friend, brother and sons”; amulet or magical text[???] Verso: 13 lines written in same direction and same hand as recto Continuation and end of the text written on recto ending with the basmala; instructions about something paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 13.0 (h) x 9.8 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 6 c LETTER Recto: 2 lines of black ink written on dark brown paper; top margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning someone’s father (abuhu ) Verso: traces of very faded ink; Arabic number “3” paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.3 (h) x 8.0 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 6 d LETTER Recto: 7 lines written with black ink on light brown paper; one horizontal and one vertical folding line; some diacritical dots note concerning produce; Mahmud Jarwil [???] mentioned Verso: 6 lines written at a 180° turn compared to recto Account[???] Paper Arabic Provenance unknown Unpublished 10.2 (h) x 8.8 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD 8 Ar. 7 a LITERARY TEXT Recto: table in black, brown and red ink consisting of text inside squares drawn with black ink; squares contain individual letters and combinations of letters Verso: table in brown and red ink; squares contain words Related to time calculation Paper Arabic Provenance unknown Unpublished 7.0 (h) x 19.0 (w) Ar. 7 b LITERARY TEXT Recto: text surrounded by decoration written in black and red ink; table of contents with page numbers[???] Verso: continuation of same text paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 11.8 (h) x 11.1 (w) Ar. 7 c NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown paper; top, left and bottom margin preserved; worm eaten in few places causing small lacunae; unconventional ligatures Fragment of a note Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.5 (h) x 8.3 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 7 d NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 7 lines written in black ink on brown paper; left margin preserved; badly damaged by worm holes and tares; Note mentioning Muhammad b. Yahya b. al-… Abu al-Fadl 9 paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.2 (h) x 9.2 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 7 e ACCOUNT Recto: 18 lines written in fine hand with black ink on light brown paper; few lacunae; no diacritical dots Two columns of text preceded by horizontal lines and headings at the top Verso: 21 lines Continuation of account on recto; one heading “day” (yawm ) Paper Arabic Provenance unknown Unpublished 9.9 (h) x 7.2 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 7 f LETTER Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on brown paper; complete on all sides; few diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures Fragment of a note to someone addressed as “my lord, my brother” (sayyidi, akhkhi ) concerning something the addressee took from the sender and which the sender wants back, the sender also asks to know the day a third person left LETTER Verso: 2 lines related to recto written in same handwriting and same direction; Fragment of a letter containing the basmala and the remark that the letter has arrived (wasalat alruq’a ya-sayyidi ) paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.5 (h) x 17.0 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 8 a LETTER Recto: 9 lines written in faded black ink on light brown paper; top margin preserved; worm-eaten causing several lacunae; some diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures 10 Fragment of the beginning of a letter mentioning that the sender returned; addressee is addressed as “my lord” (sayyidi ) Verso: 4 lines written at a 180° turn compared to recto Continuation of text on recto paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 10.0 (h) x 12.3 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 8 b AMULET Recto: 22 lines in black ink written on dark brown paper; several large holes in middle of paper; 2 horizontal folding lines at 3.5 cm distance; complete on all sides; no diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures Verso: 3 lines written in same hand and direction as recto; Continuation text on recto; writing is followed by two magical figures; square with six smaller squares with numbers inside and a 6 pointed star with words and letters inside paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 17.3 (h) x 7.7 (w) Ar. 8 c LETTER Recto: 7 lines written in black ink on yellow paper; left and bottom margin preserved; few diacritical dots Note concerning payments Verso: continuation of recto; 7 lines written in same hand in same direction and one in the left margin Paper Arabic Provenance unknown Unpublished 6.7 (h) x 7.1 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 8 d NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: Coptic LETTER 11 Verso: 3 lines in black ink on light brown paper written at a 90° turn compared to recto; several small lacunae; bottom margin preserved Fragment of a letter containing the phrase “God willing” (in sha’a allah ) paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.2 (h) x 7.5 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 8 e LETTER Recto: 7 lines written in black ink on brown paper Final part of letter fragment Ar. 8 a Verso: 5 lines written at a 180° turn compared to recto paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.7 (h) x 8.0 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 8 f NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 4 lines written in black ink faded in some places on light brown paper and 2 lines in right margin; few lacunae; left, right and bottom margins preserved; 3 horizontal folding lines at 1.7 cm intervals; 1 vertical folding line; no diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures Final half of a note concerning [???] Verso: 4 lines in very faded black ink and traces of clearer, darker black ink paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.7 (h) x 10.6 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 9 a LEGAL DOCUMENT Recto: six lines of writing in brownish black ink on dark brown paper; one tear in left margin; bottom and right margins preserved; no diacritical dots; vertical line over sin End of legal document containing witness statements; (shahida fulan ibn fulan ‘ala] iqrar alqa’id al-musamma fi hadha al-kitab … wa-kataba bi-khatihi fi tarikhihi = so and so witnessed the statement of the trader named in this document and he wrote [his testimony] in his own hand on the date [of the document]) 12 Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 11.0 (h) x 7.5 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 9 b ACCOUNT Recto: 8 lines written in black ink on light brown paper; bottom margin complete; no diacritical dots; horizontal line between line 4 and 5 Fragment of a text containing numbers written with Greek letters; parts repeated above and under horizontal line LETTER Verso: 6 lines written in black ink 180° compared to recto; bottom margin preserved; no diacritical dots {broken off etc.} Beginning of a letter to someone addressed as “my master and my lord” (mawlai wa-rabbi ) with end of basmala and opening blessings (atala [allah baqa’aka = may God prolong your life) for addressee; sender also expresses hope for something (wa-arju an ) paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 10.8 (h) x 4.2 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 9 c LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on light brown paper with some darker spots; top and bottom margin preserved; some diacritical dots; three horizontal folding lines on 4-4.5 cm distance and one vertical folding line 1 cm from right margin Note concerning land-tax (kharaj ) for the year 348 AH (959-960 AD), mentioning the “money of the two shares known as …” (mal al-hissatayn al-ma’rufayn bi- ) TAX LIST Verso: earlier than recto (only top margin preserved) account with four lines written in black ink with much finer pen than recto; writing direction same as recto; some traces at left upper corner of same handwriting as recto List of personal names (Ishaq b. Muhammad; Ja’far b. Ahmad; Muhammad b. al-Husein) and amounts written with Greek letters paper Arabic provenance unknown 13 unpublished 11.2 (h) x 7.7 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 9 d ACCOUNT Recto: four lines written in black ink on dark brown paper; no diacritical dots; bottom and right margin preserved; large hole in centre of paper Fragment of a list of individual amounts written with Greek letters and total at bottom line (wasara …ta’baru [???] mal al-rijal jama’ha …) Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.7 (h) x 9.8 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 9 e LETTER Recto: 5 lines of black ink slightly faded written on light brown paper; bottom and right margin preserved; no diacritical dots Letter mentions agricultural products (l. 5 zaitun = olives; sha’ir = barley) and refers to another letter the sender had sent to a third person informing him of something; the name of this third person is followed by an unusual blessing (l. 2 adama allah khalqahu = may God increase his existence) and other letters written and received by the sender are also mentioned; the sender also refers to the share of the earnings owed to him (l. 3 ma kana li min al-kasub ) Verso: 3 lines written in same hand as recto at a 180° turn compared to recto; top and left margins preserved; no diacritical dots; some unconventional ligatures Continuation of letter written on recto mentioning the case of a third person (l. 1 ‘amr Abu al-…); addressee is addressed as “my lord” (l. 1 ya-sayyidi ) paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.7 (h) x 8.5 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 9 f LETTER Recto: 6 lines written in black ink on grey paper; no diacritical dots; broken off on all sides Fragment of a letter consisting exclusively of pious formulae directed at the recipient (atabahu allah laka = may God make it/him pleasant for you; ayyadaka allah = may God support you; ‘azzaka allah = may God strengthen you); addressee is addressed as “my lord” (sayyidi ) 14 NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 3 lines written in faded black ink in same direction as recto but in different hand; top margin preserved; some diacritical dots paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.6 (h) x 4.0 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 9 g LEGAL DOCUMENT Recto: 4 lines of black ink on light brown paper; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures; right margin preserved End of debt acknowledgement for agricultural products in the form of a future sale (habba ‘ashra irdabban = 10 irdabb grain; qasab irdabb jam’ = one irdabb sugar cane in total); to be paid to the creditor/seller or to whomever will present the present document; ends with autograph witness statements (‘Ali b. Muhammad b. al-Husein) dated 32(?)4 AH (935-936 AD) Verso: Coptic paper Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 5.5 (h) x 15.5 (w) 32(?)4 AH/935-936 AD (date recto) Ar. 10 a ACCOUNT Recto: 9 lines written in brown faded and black ink on dark brown paper; no diacritical dots; top and left margin preserved; three horizontal folding lines preserved at 3.5-4 cm intervals Only the amounts written in Greek letters have been preserved, and the remark: “and that makes” (fa-dhlika ); also some Arabic numbers ACCOUNT Verso: very faded brown ink; top, right and bottom margins preserved; some diacritical dots; different hand to recto; written in same direction List mentioning a total number of qirats. paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 14.2 (h) x 10.7 (w) 4th AH/10th AD 15 Ar. 10 b LETTER Recto: left, top and bottom margins preserved; 11 lines written in brown ink on light brown papyrus; some small lacunae in papyrus; one diacritical dot Letter with right half missing but opening blessings and concluding greetings of which have been preserved, with commercial contents; sender requests the addressee whom he addresses as “my brother” (ya-akhkhi ) to buy something for a third person, because the sender is busy (li-anni wallahi mushtaghil ); he also mentions that there was at the sender’s house the price of one and a half qist (liquid measure) of oil; sender also tells recipient that he has asked a third person in the answer to the latter’s letter to buy him something (1) …]may God prolong your life and may He increase your position and your support 2) …]and your happiness [???] to [you] and continue his blessings on you 3) …]…they related [and they …] that every … was 4) …]and I ask you, oh my brother, may God prolong your life 5) …]…that you buy for him, because I, by God, am busy 6) …]may God make it sufficient for me and for you through his mercy towards it/him 7) …]…that I keep [???] your share which belongs to you with me and its weight is 8) …]… from with me the price of the one qist and a half of the oil 9) …]… the answer to his letter that he buys you 10)…]… that I send you my best wishes 11)…]greetings and the goodness of God) Verso: address 2 lines written in same hand at a 180° turn compared to recto; no diacritical dots; from M… b. Muhammad b. Muslim (to) Abu Ya’qub Ishaq b. Sulaiman paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 9.5 (h) x 8.5 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 10 c AGRICULTURAL LIST Recto: 11 lines written in black ink on light brown paper with darker spots; left margin preserved; some small lacunae; some diacritical dots; horizontal line over sin List of personal names (Petrus the cowboy –al-baqqar–; Stephan; George; Ayyub b. George; the deacon –al-shammas–) and amounts (kil ) of agricultural products (qamh = grain, qirt = trefoil) to be cultivated; unusually two persons are allowed to cultivate what is preferable to them (yazra’u ma ahabb) numbers written with Greek letters Verso: 9 lines continuation of text on recto written in same direction Heading: amount of (produce) from land cultivated with grain (kil min place name min ard … yuzra’u qamh ) followed by list of personal names (Hamina; Stephan; Shanuda; George) paper Arabic provenance unknown 16 unpublished 11.0 (h) x 9.3 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 10 d ACCOUNT Recto: 12 lines written in black ink and 3 in reddish brown ink on light brown paper; traces of 3 lines on torn and damaged left page; bottom and left margin preserved; some diacritical dots Leaf from a register, mentioning separate amounts in dinars and dirhams and totals of accounts and referring to receiving payments; crossed out lines might indicate payments were fulfilled; last three lines in different colour ink mention date: Tuesday […] Dhu al-Qa’da 354 AH (November 965 AD) Verso: 16 lines written in black ink at a 180° turn compared to recto in same hand; left margin preserved; traces of 3 lines on left page Continuation of text on recto; amounts of dinars for prices of fabrics (thaub ) and number of textiles; some lines crossed out sign that payment was fulfilled; the last two entries are followed by the remark “corrected” (sahahtu ); a reference is made to some produce in the boat of Kayl (wa-alladhi tahtaha fi markab Kayl ); on the left page mention is made to the receipt of money (qabada ) paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 17.3 (h) x 10.6 (w) 354 AH/965 AD (date on recto) Ar. 11 a LEGAL DOCUMENT Recto: 4 lines written in faded black ink on yellow parchment; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots; text consists of two fragments fitted together Fragment of a sales document of property; mentions the east border extending to a house (al-hadd al-thalith wa ]- huwa al-sharqi yantaha ila al-manzil ) and another border (al-hadd al-rabi’a ) of a piece of property Verso: blank parchment Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.5 (h) x 14.0 (w) and 2 (h) x 5.5 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 11 b LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on light brown paper; right margin preserved; one vertical and two horizontal folding lines at 2 cm distance; no diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures 17 Fragment of a letter beginning with “every letter you write to me, oh my master and lord” (kull kitabika ya-sayyidi wa mawlai ); also reference to a letter from the addressee to which the sender has replied (risalatuka ajabuha ) Verso: 2 lines written at a 180° turn compared to recto; no diacritical dots Address letter on recto: “To my brother and my lord Abu Mansur, may God bestow honours on you and may He increase your position and your support and your happiness and …” (li akhkhi wa-sayyidi Abi Mansur akramahu allah wa-adama ‘izzahu wa-ta’yidahu wa-sa’adatahu wa-…) paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.8 (h) x 6.5 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 11 c RECEIPT FOR A TAX PAYMENT Recto: 5 lines of text in two different hands written in black ink on light brown paper; top, left and bottom margins preserved; some small lacunae; no diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures Receipt for a tax payments for the year 501 AH (AD 1107/1108) mentioning: “the farmers of the estates known as …” (al-muzari’ina bi-l-diya’tayn al-ma’rufayn bi- ) followed by a note recording the entry in one of the diwans Verso: same direction as recto; 6 lines written in same hand List recording tax payments starting with the basmala for the year 501 AH (AD 1107/1108) mentioning: “the farmers of the estates known as …” (al-muzari’ina bi-l-diya’tayn al-ma’rufayn bi-) in an exact copy of the text on recto; three extra words spread over rest of page refer to different entries paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 13.7 (h) x 7.0 (w) 501 AH/AD 1107-1108 Ar. 11 d LETTER Recto: 6 lines written in black ink on brown paper; top and right margins preserved; few lacunae; diacritical dots in one place; unconventional ligatures Fragment of a reply directed to Marcurios (marqura ) in which the sender tells the addressee of a third person’s request to get something back (wa-dhakkaraka wa-taliba bi-dhalika = and he reminded you and he requested it) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 1 line written in different hand than recto in same direction paper Arabic 18 provenance unknown unpublished 6.2 (h) x 8.0 (w) 4th-5th AH/AD10th-11th Ar. 11 e NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 5 lines written in slightly faded black ink on brown paper in very fine hand; bottom margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a note mentioning a third person’s affair (amruhu ) LEGAL DOCUMENT Verso: 4 lines in different hand than recto in same direction; bottom margin preserved; dated (fi tarikh […Dhu ] al-qa’da sanna khamsa […); possibly the end of a legal document paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.0 (h) x 5.5 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 11 f LETTER Recto: 7 lines written in black ink on brown paper; first line does not belong to main text; separated from rest by blank space; broken off on all sides; one small lacuna not damaging text; no diacritical dots Fragment of letter with commercial content containing references to products brought to partners (ma hamala ila asha[b; min dhalika ma hamala ); the names ‘Abd al-Rahman and Abu Musa are also mentioned ACCOUNT Verso: 7 lines written in same direction as recto in different hand; no diacritical dots; broken off on all sides; some words crossed out List of payments/deliveries made to people; amounts written in Greek letters paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 9.8 (h) x 3.0 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 11 g ACCOUNT Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on light brown paper; left margin preserved; one small lacuna; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures 19 Fragment of a list with numbers written with Greek letters and one cross to indicate payment was fulfilled; also blessings to addressee preceding and following lines of account (wa-sa’adatuka; wa-‘azzaka allah ), and date mentioned: Thursday (a]l-yawm wa-huwa yawm al-khamis ) LETTER Verso: 3 lines written in same direction as recto; broken off on all sides therefore written before recto; no diacritical dots Fragment of end of a letter mentioning a date (yawm al-ahad li-tisa’ khalun min [… = Sunday nine days remaining of [the month …) and conveying many greetings to a third person paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.7 (h) x 4.2 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 11 h NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on dark brown paper; right and top margins preserved; no diacritical dots; horizontal line over sin; unconventional ligatures Fragment of a note concerning monetary amounts indicated by Greek letters received (qabada ) and mentioning dirhams [???] LETTER Verso: 3 lines written at a 90° turn compared to recto in different hand; later than recto for top, bottom and right margin preserved; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures in basmala Note demanding a payment from the addressee paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.2 (h) x 8.0 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 11 i LETTER Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on dark brown paper; two lines in left and top margin; top, left and right margins preserved; one large hole in middle of paper; some diacritical dots and many unconventional ligatures Fragment of a letter containing blessings on addressee or third person Verso: 4 lines written at a 180° turn compared to recto; 2 lines in right margin; left, right and bottom margins preserved; few diacritical dots and many unconventional ligatures Continuation of letter on recto ending with conveyance of greetings [???] paper Arabic 20 provenance unknown unpublished 8.6 (h) x 8.3 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 12 LETTER Recto: 22 lines written in black ink on light brown paper and 2 in right margin; complete on all sides; many diacritical dots; vowel signs in basmala; horizontal folding lines Letter mentioning family members of a female; addressee is addressed as ‘brother’ (ya-akhkh); the house of Zachary (l. 7-8) is mentioned; abbreviated colloquial forms used (‘ala dha kullihi; fi hadh al-yawm ) [???]; no final alif after 3rd perfect plural verb form Verso: 7 lines written at a 180° turn compared to recto Continuation of letter on recto mentioning agricultural matters (qata’tu al-qamh akhadhtu al-naqa wa-ta’amtuhum al-sha’ir = the grain has been cut, the clean part/ones taken and the barley fed to them) paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 30.2 (h) x 13.0 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 13 a LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; right margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning letter sent by sender to addressee and several letters from the addressee NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 3 lines written in different hand than recto; two different hands on verso; same direction as recto; no diacritical dots Text mentioning the name Ahmad b. ‘Abd al-Rahman b. Isa papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.0 (h) x 16.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 13 b TAX LIST Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; top margin preserved; no diacritical dots; horizontal line over sin; unconventional ligatures 21 Tax payments consisting of personal names (Barus; Yuhanis) and indicating whether they had paid for themselves (‘an nafsihi) Verso: 1 line writing direction at a 90° turn compared to recto Traces of Greek letters used as numerals papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 8.3 (h) x 4.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 13 c TAX LIST Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; no diacritical dots; left and right margin preserved List of Arabic names (‘Abd al-Malik b. Musa, Muhammad b. , Salma b. Ishaq) with amounts using Greek letters for numerals Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.1 (h) x 14.0 (w) 2nd AH/8th AD Ar. 13 d TAX LIST Recto: 10 lines written in black ink on dark brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; bottom margin preserved; few diacritical dots; two fragments connected List of names (Muhammad b. Ibrahim, ‘Ali b.Asbagh) followed by amounts received from them using Greek letters for numbers Verso: traces of two lines written in same direction as recto Greek letters and Arabic numbers used as numbers papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.5 (h) x 7.0 (w) and 1.0 (h) x 1.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 13 e LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right margin preserved; no diacritical dots 22 Fragment of a letter mentioning that if something or someone does not arrive from the sender (wainna lam yusil minni k.a..) and giving blessings to a third person (atala allah baqa’a Muhammad = may God prolong the life of Muhammad) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.2 (h) x 7.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 13 f TAX LIST Recto: 11 lines written in black ink on dark brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots; horizontal line over sin List of Arabic names (Isa; Fasila; Ahmad b. ‘Abd al-H…, ‘Abdallah b. Muhammad, Ja’far b. Ahmad, ‘Abd al-Rahman b. …, ‘Amil b. ‘Isa, ‘Isa b. …, Muhammad b. Ghallaq) and whether they had paid their taxes for themselves (ada fulan ibn fulan ‘an nafsihi = so and so paid for himself) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 16.2 (h) x 5.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 13 g LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right turn to fibres; top margin preserved; no diacritical dots Address of letter on verso with only the name of the addressee preserved; the name of the sender would have been written on the lost right half of the papyrus; (li-abi al-fadl atala allah baqa’ahu wa-adama ‘izzahu = to Abu al-Fadl, may God prolong his life and increase his honour) Verso: 1 line written in same direction as recto Beginning of the letter whose address is written on recto; only the beginning of the basmala is preserved papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.5 (h) x 11.8 (w) 2nd-3rd AH/8th-9th AD Ar. 13 h 23 LETTER Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; left margin preserved; one horizontal tear in papyrus from left margin; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures Fragment of a letter concerning agricultural matters; mentions cultivation of trefoil (qirt ); sender also writes that he has been asked something ACCOUNT Verso: traces of 4 lines written in same direction as recto Fragment of an account papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.5 (h) x 2.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 14 a Coptic papyrus provenance unknown unpublished 4.5 (h) x 3.8 (w) Ar. 14 b TAX LIST Recto: 11 lines written in faded black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; right margin preserved; left bottom corner torn off; no diacritical dots List of personal Christian names (Dawud b. …, George, Ishaq b. Ibrahim, ‘Abdallah) and amounts cultivated; numbers written with Greek letters Verso: 3 lines {direction of writing} Continuation of list recto; only the numbers using Greek letters have been preserved papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 9.7 (h) x 12.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 14 c LETTER Recto: 6 lines written in faded black ink on brown papyrus written parallel to fibres; top and left margin preserved; ink faded and papyrus frayed in many places damaging the text; one large tear extending from left margin; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning that a third person (Victor) had mentioned something to the sender after which the sender sent him a letter (wa-ma dhakara biqtur wa-qad katabtu ilayhi 24 kitaba ) and a letter written to the sender by Abu Khalid (written with defective alif) (ma kitaba[???] ilayy Abu Khalid ‘azzahu allah ); the sisters of the addressee are mentioned LETTER Verso: 4 lines written in same direction as, but by a different, much larger, hand than recto; right margin preserved; earlier than recto; diacritical dots in two places; ink faded Fragment of a letter mentioning that some news had reached the sender concerning the addressee (qad balaghni anna ‘amraka ) and a sum of money or amount (mablagh ) is mentioned papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 12.0 (h) x 11.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 14 d LETTER Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right margin preserved; no diacritical dots; Fragment of a letter concerning commercial matters; sender mentions a payment of two dirham (yadfa’u al-dirhamayni ila …) and a shipment of some produce to somewhere or someone (fi haml al-na’ab ila …) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 2 lines written in same direction as recto; top and left margin preserved; no diacritical dots; later than verso Fragment of a text with only the basmala and traces of second line papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 10.9 (h) x 16.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 15 a TAX LIST Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on light brown paper; right margin preserved; few diacritical dots; some unconventional ligatures List of names and agricultural produce [???] LETTER Verso: 3 lines written in different hand at a 90° turn compared to recto; some diacritical dots; Fragment of a letter mentioning a messenger and that the sender has sent someone paper 25 Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.2 (h) X 4.2 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 15 b LETTER Recto: 5 lines written in faded black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles with fibres; left margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter urging the addressee to do something as quickly as possible (‘ala akthar al‘ajal = with the utmost hurry) the sender also expresses blessings for a third person {add arabic} Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 8.0 (h) x 13.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 15 c ACCOUNT Recto: 5 lines written with black ink on light brown paper; no diacritical dots; right and top margin preserved Fragment of a list consisting of personal names (Harmuta, Peter, Hamisa) and amounts; crosses preceding personal names probably indicate that payment was fulfilled Verso: 4 lines written in same direction as recto; top and left margin preserved paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 11.0 (h) x 8.0 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 15 d LETTER Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on light brown paper; top margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning personal names (Muhammad, Yuhanis) Verso: 9 lines beginning of text continued on recto; no diacritical dots; top margin preserved Beginning of the letter continued on recto containing many personal names (Abu Muhammad, Hasan b. ‘Ali) paper Arabic provenance unknown 26 unpublished 3.2 (h) x 11.7 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 15 e LETTER Recto: 8 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; right and bottom margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning the treasury (bayt al-mal ) and a third person called Abu Bakr followed by a blessing; at bottom of page a Greek number (year [???]) is written Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 12.0 (h) x 6.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 15 f NON LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown paper; right, bottom, left and top margins preserved; no diacritical dots {check this} Unidentifiable writing and pen trials Verso: 1 line in same hand and direction as recto Continuation of same unidentifiable writing as on recto paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.8 (h) x 9.7 (w) 5th AH/11th AD Ar. 16 a LETTER Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; right (1.5 cm) and top (2 cm) margins preserved; some small lacunae; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures Fragment of a letter containing the beginning of the basmala and mentioning that a the sender wrote a letter (wa-katabtu i [la …) and another letter (kitab ) is mentioned Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 8.3 (h) x 3.8 (w) 27 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 16 b LETTER Recto: 8 lines written in faded black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; left margin preserved; papyrus is very frayed on the right side making most of the text unreadable; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished h 14.5 x w 7.9 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 16 c NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; bottom (7.7 cm) margin preserved; many lacunae; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 13.7 (h) x 7.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 16 d NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; some fibres have come lose; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning Tarif freedman of Muhammad Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.6 (h) x 6.6 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 16 e NON-LITERARY TEXT 28 Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on dark brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; one tear extending to middle of papyrus from top margin; no diacritical dots Fragment containing letter halves only NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 1 line written in very faded ink in same direction as recto but in a different hand papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 1.9 (h) x 2.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 16 f ACCOUNT Recto: 3 lines written in faded black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Greek letters used as numerals is the only text remaining Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.7 (h) x 10 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 16 g NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: trace of darker black ink papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 1.8 (h) x 5.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 16 h NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written with black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: traces of two lines written in same direction as recto 29 papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.0 (h) x 2.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 16 i LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment containing part of an eulogy on the addressee (..ka allah ) Verso: traces of one line of text written in same direction as recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.0 (h) x 4.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 16 j NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures Fragment of a text mentioning the annual tax assessment (‘imara ) LEGAL TEXT Verso: 4 lines written in same direction as recto but in a different hand; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots End of legal document containing the date 244 AH (858/859 AD) and autograph witness statements (Isa b. ‘A[…; Hajjaj) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.9 (h) x 4.8 (w) 244 AH/ 858-859 AD (date verso) Ar. 17 a LETTER Recto: 1 line written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of a letter containing part of an opening formula with a blessing for the addressee (at ]ala allah baq [aka = may God prolong your life) Verso: blank 30 papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.9 (h) x 5.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 17 b LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink (disappeared at places) on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; some small lacunae; no diacritical dots; horizontal stroke over sin Fragment of a letter mentioning that the sender asked for something LETTER Verso: 2 lines written at a 90° turn compared to recto in a different hand than recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter containing a blessing for the addressee (‘azzaka ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.5 (h) x 6.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 17 c ACCOUNT Recto: 6 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; left margin (0.5 cm) preserved; no diacritical dots; some text is crossed out Fragment of a list mentioning the year and amounts written using Greek letters as numerals LETTER Verso: 1 line written in same direction as recto but in a different hand; no diacritical dots; right (3.2 cm) and top (4.3 cm) margin preserved thus later than recto; no diacritical dots Beginning of a letter containing opening formula (akramaka [allah ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.6 (h) x 7.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 17 d LETTER 31 Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; some diacritical dots; horizontal stroke over sin Fragment of a letter noting that the sender did something for himself (‘ala nafsi ) and containing the expression “God willing” (in sha allah ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.0 (h) x 8.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 17 e ACCOUNT Recto: 7 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; papyrus is frayed in some places; large lacuna on left half of the papyrus due to fraying of papyrus; some diacritical dots; one horizontal line between lines 3 and 4 Register containing entries of different amounts of dinars Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 11.3 (h) x 21.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 17 f NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 5 lines written in black ink and one word written in upper right hand corner on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.8 (h) x 3.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 17 g LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in faded black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; some lacunae; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning that someone has contributed something (yada ) 32 ACCOUNT Verso: 4 lines written in faded black ink in same direction as recto; top margin preserved thus later than recto; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account listing agricultural products (qamh = grain) and amounts using Greek letters for numerals papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.7 (h) x 18.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 18 a LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink disappeared at places on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of beginning of a letter containing part of an opening formula (…] wa-salamataka = …] and your health) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.5 (h) x 7.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 18 b LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right (3.0 cm) margin preserved; papyrus fibres have got lose resulting in lacunae in text; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter with part of an opening formula relating the good health of the writer (katabtu ilayka wa-anni bi-ha]l salama = I am writing to you while I am in a] state of good health) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: traces of two lines written at a 90° turn compared to recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.5 (h) x 8.6 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 18 c ACCOUNT 33 Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account with a name and a cross as checkmark underneath the text indicating payment was fulfilled; Arabic number “7” Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.1 (h) x 7.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 18 d LETTER Recto: incorrectly joined with Ar. 18 e; 1 line of text written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; top (1.7 cm) and left (3.7 cm) margins preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning that a someone has not yet received something that was mentioned in a document (lam yaqbid ma qad yusammi fi […) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.2 (h) x 9.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 18 e NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: incorrectly joined with Ar. 18 d; 1 line written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures Fragment of a text containing the word “God” (allah ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.3 (h) x 6.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 18 f LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in faded black ink on grey papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; papyrus fibres have disappeared in many places resulting in lacunae; no diacritical dot 34 Fragment of a letter with commercial contents; sender tells addressee to buy something (an tishtari ) and urges him not to delay something (la tu’akhir dhalika ) LETTER Verso: 1 line written in same direction as recto but in a different hand; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter urging the addressee to look into something (fa-unzur ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.9 (h) x 10.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 18 g NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: incorrectly joined to Ar. 18 h; 1 line written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 1.9 (h) x 4.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 18 h NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: incorrectly joined to Ar. 18 g; 1 line written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right (3.0 cm) margin preserved; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.5 (h) x 7.6 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 18 i LETTER Recto: 4 lines written in very faded black ink on grey papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; some diacritical dots Fragment of a letter referring to “my letter” (kitabi ) 35 NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: traces in darker black ink written in same direction but different hand than recto; no diacritical dots; horizontal stroke over the sin papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.9 (h) x 2.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 18 j LETTER Recto: 6 lines written in very faded black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; bottom (2.6 cm) margin preserved; upper left corner torn off; no diacritical dots Verso: traces of one line written in same direction but in different hand than recto; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.8 (h) x 5.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 18 k LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter in which the sender refers to something he has written (dalika katabtu ) Verso: trace of ink written in same direction but different hand than recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.1 (h) x 3.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 18 l LETTER Recto: 1 line written in faded black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; top (2.5) margin preserved; large part of papyrus in middle of right margin is broken away; diacritical dots Address: to Abu Ja’far … Verso: traces of 1 line written in same direction in same hand as recto 36 papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.2 (h) x 8.6 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 19 PROTOCOL AND SCRIBAL EXERCISES Recto: black and dark brown ink on brown papyrus written at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; text consists of many fragments; no diacritical dots Protocol with interlinear scribal exercises of letter formulae (hafazaka allah ); protocols date to the first and second centuries hijra LETTER Verso: fragments of a letter written in same direction but in different hand than recto; verso is later than recto; some diacritical dots Fragments of a letter urging the addressee to write the sender (wa-ta’jala al-kitab ilayna ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 13.7 (h) x 7.2 (w) 1st-2nd AH/7th-8th AD and 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 20 a LETTER Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; right and left margins preserved; many larger and small worm holes; papyrus is frayed at the top; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter containing a blessing for the addressee (wa-atamma ni’matahu ‘alayka wazada fi ihsanihi = and may He bestow upon you a full measure of His bounty and may He increase His goodness to you) Verso: 2 lines written in same direction as recto Address of letter on recto papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 8.0 (h) x 10.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 20 b LETTER 37 Recto: 7 lines written in black ink on dark brown papyrus parallel to fibres; top (2.5 cm) and left margins preserved; upper and lower right corners torn off; papyrus has got lose in several places resulting in lacunae; no diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures; very cursive script Fragment of a letter beginning with basmala and opening formulae (atala allah baqa’aka waadama ‘izzaka = may God prolong your life and may He increase your position) mentioning a the addressee’s house (ila manzilika ), “our partners” (ashabuna ) and that the sender hopes for something (arju) Verso: Coptic papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 13.6 (h) x 11.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 20 c NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on light brown papyrus; top (3.8 cm) margin preserved; papyrus fibres are lose with many lacunae; no diacritical dots Fragment of a text containing the name ‘Abdallah Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.8 (h) x 6.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 20 d LETTER Recto: incorrrectly joined to Ar. 20 e; 5 lines written in black ink on dark brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right (2.8 cm) margin preserved; many worm holes and holes in papyrus due to wear and tear; no diacritical dots; horizontal line over sin Fragment of a letter LETTER Verso: 4 lines written in same direction, but different hand than recto: top and left margins preserved; many diacritical dots Fragment of a letter papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 10.9 (h) x 9.2 (w) 38 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 20 e LETTER Recto: incorrrectly joined to Ar. 20 d; 3 lines written in black ink on dark brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; many worm holes and holes in papyrus due to wear and tear; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter LETTER Verso: 1 line written in same direction, but different hand than recto: broken off on all sides; many diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures Fragment of a letter papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.5 (h) x 9.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 20 f NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; papyrus fibres have come lose in many places resulting in many lacunae; no diacritical dots NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 2 lines written in same direction, but different hand than recto; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.0 (h) x 4.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 20 g LETTER Recto: 3 lines written with black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; diacritical dots in one place Fragment of a letter mentioning that the sender has asked a third person something (sa’altuhu) Verso: 1 line written in same direction but different hand than recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic 39 provenance unknown unpublished 3.9 (h) x 2.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 20 h LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on dark brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; many small holes in papyrus; some diacritical dots Fragment of a letter in which the sender writes that he has asked God to have mercy on him and the addressee (wa-sa’al]tu allah an yarhamuna [wa-ayyaka ) and mentioning the letter written by the sender (kitabi hadha ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.1 (h) x 8.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 20 i NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; two small worm holes in papyrus; diacritical dots Fragment of a text containing the name “Kayl” Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.0 (h) x 2.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 21 a LETTER Recto: 10 lines written in black ink on dark brown paper; mould on the paper has rendered most of the text unreadable; large holes in the paper at middle of top and bottom margin and many smaller holes due to worm holes; small margins on all four sides preserved; some diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures Letter in which the sender expresses his hope that the someone will be able to do something (waarju an … ‘ala dhalika ) LETTER Verso: 10 lines written at a 180° turn compared to recto in similar handwriting; earlier than recto, for only right margin preserved; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures 40 Fragment of a letter paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 12.2 (h) x 15.7 (w) 6th AH/12th AD Ar. 21 b LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on greyish brown paper; right (1.0 cm) and bottom (0.7 cm) margins preserved; diacritical dots Fragment of the end of a letter mentioning “camels” (jamal ) and part of a farewell formulae Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.4 (h) x 5.2 (w) 6th AH/12th AD Ar. 21 c ACCOUNT Recto: 6 lines written in black ink on light brown paper; top (1.0 cm), right and bottom (2.0 cm) margins preserved; top right corner broken off; several smaller holes in paper; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account with Greek letters used as numerals Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 8.5 (h) x 4.1 (w) 6th AH/12th AD Ar. 21 d PETITION Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on yellow paper; top (3.5 cm) and right (2.3 cm) margins preserved; several small lacunae; some diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of a petition containing the tarjama (‘abduhu wa-[…), the basmala and the beginning of the petition Verso: address of petition on recto written in same direction as recto; from …]shr b. Ishaq paper Arabic 41 provenance unknown unpublished 12.2 (h) x 15.7 (w) 6th AH/12th AD Ar. 21 e NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on light brown paper; bottom (2.5 cm) margin preserved; some small holes in paper Verso: 3 lines written n same direction as recto paper Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 3.0 (h) x 4.5 (w) 6th AH/12th AD Ar. 21 f NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 3 lines of very faded black ink written on dark brown paper; right margin preserved; some small lacunae due to worm holes Fragment of a text containing a cross sign (account[???] with payment fulfilled) Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.9 (h) x 3.4 (w) 6th AH/12th AD Ar. 22 ACCOUNT Recto: 16 lines written in black ink on red paper; right margin preserved; text consists of two fragments; few diacritical dots List of amounts and produce and coins (dhahab = gold; sha’ir = clover) Verso: continuation of same text; 12 lines paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 11.2 (h) x 12.3 (w) and 10.5 (h) x 4.2 (w) 6th AH/12th AD 42 Ar. 23 a NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown paper; broken off on all sides; many small lacunae in paper due to worm holes; right bottom corner torn away; few diacritical dots Fragment of text mentioning the name ‘Abd al-Razaq ACCOUNT Verso: 3 lines written in same direction as recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account with one cross drawn in the middle paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.5 (h) x 9.5 (w) 6th AH/12th AD Ar. 23 b NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 4 lines of smudged black ink on light brown paper; right margin preserved; no diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures Verso: traces of ink written at a 90° turn compared to recto written in a much finer different hand than recto paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.8 (h) x 5.4 (w) 6th AH/12th AD Ar. 23 c LETTER Recto: 4 lines written in faded black ink on brown paper; broken off on all sides; one hole in paper; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter with commercial content referring to four ratl and a distance measure (dhira’) Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.6 (h) x 5.7 (w) 6th AH/12th AD Ar. 23 d 43 NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written on dark brown paper; right (1.5 cm) margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a text containing the sentence “for Musa” (‘an Musa ) Verso: 2 lines written in same handwriting at 180° to recto Continuation of text on recto paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.1 (h) x 3.6 (w) 6th AH/12th AD Ar. 23 e NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink disappeared in many places on brown paper; left (1.5 cm) margin preserved; many worm holes; no diacritical dots; 3 horizontal folding lines at 0.5 cm intervals Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.0 (h) x 6.8 (w) 6th AH/12th AD Ar. 24 a ACCOUNT Recto: 6 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; papyrus fibres have come lose in many places; no diacritical dots List of amounts of produces (hibba = grain; kattan = flax) written with Greek letters as numerals LETTER Verso: 1 line written at a 180° turn compared to recto in different hand; no diacritical dots; broken off on all sides Address of a letter containing only the name of the sender: “from Victor b. Estephan” the lost left half of the papyrus would have contained the name of the addressee papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 9.5 (h) x 7.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 24 b 44 TAXLIST Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to the fibres; broken off on all sides; right half of the papyrus is unreadable due to fraying of fibres and mud covering the text; no diacritical dots Tax list recording how much every person has paid (ida ‘Umar wa-Sar…) Verso: trace of 1 line written in same direction and same hand as recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.2 (h) x 9.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 24 c LIST Recto: 8 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; top (1.0 cm) margin preserved; left top corner torn off; some papyrus fibres got lose resulting in vertical line of lacunae; some diacritical dots Fragment of a list of property rented out to persons (Yahya b. Muhammad wa-akra …; Karim waakra; Ishaq) followed by an unusual blessing (harasa allaha hibbahu[???]) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 10.1 (h) x 6.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 24 d LETTER Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; upper left corner broken off; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning something at the sender’s (min ‘indi ) and containing a blessing for the addressee (‘azzaka [allah ) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: traces of ink written in same direction as recto but in different hand papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.1 (h) x 2.6 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 45 Ar. 24 e ACCOUNT Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; bottom left corner broken off; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account mentioning names and amounts using Greek letters for numerals Verso: traces of ink unreadable papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.6 (h) x 4.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 24 f LETTER Recto: 7 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right (1.5 cm) margin preserved; right upper corner broken off; few diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning that the sender asked a third person for something (fa-sa’altuhu … bi-dhalika ) and making a reference to someone or something that was at the addressee’s (alladhi kana ma’aka ) and mentioning that the sender was in good health when writing this letter (kitabi hadha [wa-anna fi ‘afiya fa-]l-hamdu li-llah ) LETTER Verso: 2 lines written in same direction but in different hand than recto; right margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a note ordering the sender to pay the slave girl something (adfa’ ila al-jariya ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 8.3 (h) x 9.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 24 g TAX LIST Recto: 4 lines written in faded black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; left margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a tax list containing Greek letters for numbers and the word “he paid/contributed” (ada) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown 46 unpublished 4.4 (h) x 1.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 24 h ACCOUNT Recto: 1 line of black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; two diacritical dots Fragment of an account showing part of a horizontal line dividing the different entries on the list and part of a personal name (Muhammad b. ‘I[sa) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.6 (h) x 2.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 24 i NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel at fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots; two dots over sin Only part of the basmala at beginning of the text has been preserved Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.3 (h) x 3.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 24 j NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink disappeared at places on brown papyrus; broken off on all sides; right bottom corner broken off; many diacritical dots ACCOUNT Verso: 4 lines written at same direction as recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account containing only the Greek letters used as numerals papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.4 (h) x 2.8 (w) 47 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 24 k ACCOUNT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account of which only one Greek letter used as numeral and the end of a name (b. Muhammad[???]) are visible NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: traces of ink written in same direction but different hand than recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 1.7 (h) x 3.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 24 l ACCOUNT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides Fragment of an account using Greek letters as numerals Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.3 (h) x 1.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 24 m NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: papyrus is mounted at a 180° turn compared to writing direction; 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; bottom (1.7 cm) margin preserved; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.4 (h) x 2.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 24 n 48 NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.3 (h) x 1.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 24 o NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; bottom (1.4 cm) margin preserved; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.5 (h) x 1.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 24 p ACCOUNT Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on dark brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; diacritical dots Fragment of an account with the horizontal lines dividing different entries Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.5 (h) x 5.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 24 q NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; top (1.5 cm) and left (0.7 cm) margins preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a note mentioning land tax (kharaj ) LETTER 49 Verso: 3 lines written in same direction, but larger different hand than recto; broken off on all sides, thus earlier than recto; no diacritical dots Letter mentioning the brother of the sender (akhkhi ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.6 (h) x 4.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 25 a ACCOUNT Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on light grey paper; right (1.0 cm ) margin preserved; top left corner torn off; few diacritical dots LETTER Verso: 2 lines written in same direction but different hand than recto; all four margins (top 2.2 cm; bottom 1.4 cm) are preserved so later than recto; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures Complete note mentioning a servant of the addressee (li-khidmatika ) paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.7 (h) x 8.3 (w) 6th AH /12th AD Ar. 25 b LETTER Recto: 8 lines written in faded black ink on light brown paper; top (1.8 cm) and left margins preserved; many small worm holes; no diacritical dots LETTER Verso: 7 lines written in same direction but in different much finer hand than recto; right (2.5 cm) and top (2.0 cm) margins preserved paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 8.5 (h) x 3.7 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 25 c LETTER 50 Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on grey paper and 2 lines written at a 90° turn in right and left margins; bottom margin preserved; one horizontal folding line; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning that something has arrived (an yablugha ) LETTER Verso: 6 lines of very faded black ink at a 180° turn compared to recto in a different hand; broken off on all sides; some diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning that the sender wants to inform the addressee of something (‘alamu[ka) paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 8.7 (h) x 4.3 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 25 d NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown paper; left margin preserved; some small lacunae; three horizontal folding lines at 1.5 cm intervals; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.0 (h) x 5.0 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 25 e ACCOUNT Recto: 6 lines of text written in black ink on light brown paper; left margin preserved; large hole in middle of paper; Fragment of two pages from a register with folding line in the centre; horizontal lines divide three different entries on the pages recording different quantities of qirats (sab’a wa-nusf qirat ) Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.1 (h) x 4.8 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 25 f LETTER 51 Recto: 8 lines written in black ink on dark brown paper and 1 line written at a 90° turn in left margin; text consists of many fragments; right (0.7 cm) margin preserved; diacritical dots in one place Fragment of a letter mentioning that someone paid everything that he owed (dafa’a jami’a ma [kana] ‘alayhi ) Verso: traces of ink written at a 180° turn compared to recto in different much finer hand paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.2 (h) x 5.2 (w) ; 2.2 (h) x 2.1 (w) ; 0.8 (h) x 1.2 (w) ; 2.5 (h) x 1.9 (w) ; 4.4 (h) x 1.8 (w) ; 1.3 (h) x 1.4 (w) ; 2.1 (h) x 1.9 (w) ; 3.5 (h) x 3.8 (w) ; 4.1 (h) x 2.5 (w) ; 1.4 (h) x 1.3 (w) ; 1.3 (h) x 1.3 (w) ; 2.0 (h) x 1.7 (w) ; 0.9 (h) x 0.5 (w) ; 1.3 (h) x 0.8 (w) ; 1.2 (h) x 0.7 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 26 a ACCOUNT Recto: 6 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; left bottom corner broken off; some papyrus fibres got loose resulting in holes in the papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account using Greek letters for numerals Verso: traces of ink written at a 180° turn compared to recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 12.2 (h) x 8.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 26 b LETTER Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; top (3.7 cm) and left (3.5 cm) margins preserved; diacritical dot in one place Half of address containing name of sender; the name of the addressee would have been written on the now lost right half of the papyrus; Victor b. Stephan Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.1 (h) x 8.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 26 c 52 LEGAL DOCUMENT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres of which one is faded out; right (3.9 cm) margin preserved; diacritical dots Fragment of the end of a legal document with the end of a witness statement (kataba Baqam bikhatihi = Baqam wrote [his witness statement] in his own hand) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 4 lines written in same direction but different hand than recto; broken off on all sides thus written earlier than recto; diacritical dots Fragment of a text mentioning amounts of something papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.8 (h) x 11.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 26 d NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 4 lines written in ornamental script with black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides and fibres have come lose on all sides; some diacritical dots Fragment of a text with commercial contents mentioning mithqal and a number of something (‘adaduha ) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 1 line written in much finer different hand than recto at 90° turn compared to recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 12.0 (h) x 9.9 (w) 1st-2nd AH/7th-8th AD Ar. 26 d PEN TRIALS Recto: 7 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; the fibres on the right side have got lost; no diacritical dots Fragment containing scribal exercises of the basmala Verso: 4 lines written at 90° turn compared to recto in different hand [Coptic ???] papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.5 (h) x 11.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 53 Ar. 27 a LETTER Recto: 5 lines written in faded black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; papyrus has got lose in many places creating many lacunae; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter ACCOUNT Verso: 5 lines written in the same direction but in a much finer hand than recto; right (1.4 cm) margin preserved; no diacritical dots; horizontal line over sin Fragment of an account containing Greek letters for numerals papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 14.1 (h) x 10.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 27 b LETTER Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; text consists of two fragments; diacritical dots in one place Fragment of a letter mentioning that the sender was pleased about something (sarartu ) Verso: very faint traces of ink at 180° turn compared to recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.2 (h) x 3.5 (w) and 2.1 (h) x 3.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 27 c NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of a text of which only part of the basmala is preserved Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.4 (h) x 10.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 54 Ar. 27 d NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.6 (h) x 2.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 27 e LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter referring to the sender’s letter (kitabi ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.4 (h) x 2.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 27 f NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus; left margin preserved; right side of the papyrus fibres are badly frayed; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.4 (h) x 12.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 27 g NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: 1 line written in same direction but different hand than recto; very faded ink; no diacritical dots 55 papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.5 (h) x 3.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 28 a NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus; broken off on all sides; top left and right corners broken off; no diacritical dots NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 1 line written at 180° turn compared to recto in different hand with much finer pen; right (4.0 cm) margin preserved; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.2 (h) x 13.6 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 28 b LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; right (1.0 cm) margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of a letter containing only the basmala and opening formulae (hafazaka allah = may God protect you) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.2 (h) x 13.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 28 c LEGAL DOCUMENT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; left (2.3 cm) margin preserved; some small holes in papyrus due to tear and wear; no diacritical dots Fragment of end of a legal document containing witness statements NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: traces of 1 line written in same direction but different hand than recto; top margin preserved 56 papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.4 (h) x 4.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 28 d NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; left margin preserved; several small worm holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Verso: traces of ink written in same direction as recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.2 (h) x 9.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 28 e LETTER Recto: 1 line written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Part of an address; name of addressee is only preserved (il]a Musa b. ‘A…) “to Musa b. ‘A…; the name of the sender would have been written on the now lost left half of the papyrus Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.7 (h) x 5.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 28 f LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; left margin preserved; some small lacunae in papyrus; few diacritical dots Fragment of a letter making a reference to the whereabouts of something that belonged to a third person (li-anna ma lahu fi al-…) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown 57 unpublished 1.5 (h) x 13.6 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 28 g NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; right (1.8 cm) margin preserved; bottom left corner is broken off; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Coptic [???] provenance unknown unpublished 4.9 (h) x 2.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 28 h LETTER Recto: incorrectly joined to Ar. 28 i; 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; left (3.0 cm) margin preserved; right bottom corner broken off; some diacritical dots Fragment of a letter with blessings on a third person (zada allah]‘izzahu = may God increase] his position) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.2 (h) x 7.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 28 i NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: incorrectly joined to Ar. 28 h; 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus; broken off on all sides; right bottom corner broken off; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.8 (h) x 4.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 29 a 58 LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; left margin preserved; diacritical dots in one place Fragment of the beginning of a letter containing opening formula (atala [allah baqa’aka = may God prolong your life) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.4 (h) x 16.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 29 b LETTER Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; left margin preserved; many holes in papyrus due to worm holes and papyrus fibres that got lose; no diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures Fragment of the end of a letter containing farewell formulae (at]ala allah baqa’aka wa-‘azzaka wa-akramaka wa-atamma ni’amatahu ‘alayka ) and conveying greetings to addressee (al-salam ‘alayka ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.3 (h) x 10.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 29 c LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; text consists of three fragments; no diacritical dots Fragment of the end of a letter containing a blessing (atala allah baqa’a [… = may God prolong the life of […) and conveying many greetings (wa-salam kathiran ) at the end of the letter Verso: trace of address letter on recto written at 180° turn compared to recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.7 (h) x 9.0 (w) and 3.7 (h) x 3.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 29 d 59 LEGAL DOCUMENT Recto: 5 lines written in very faded black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; many holes in papyrus due to wear and tear; no diacritical dots Fragment of the end of a legal document containing autograph witness statements of Muhammad b. ‘Ali and others LEGAL DOCUMENT Verso: 5 lines written in same direction as recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of the end of a legal document containing the witness statements (shahida fulan b. fulan] bi-jami’a ma fi hadha al-kitab ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.4 (h) x 9.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 29 e LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; top (3.0 cm) and right (3.0 cm) margins preserved; one broad papyrus fibre got lose from top of papyrus; at left upper half large hole in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of a letter containing the basmala and the word “letter” (kitab ) Verso: address of letter on recto written in same direction as recto; 1 line Only the name of the addressee is preserved; the name of the sender would have been written on the now lost right half of the papyrus; (to) … b. Victor papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.3 (h) x 12.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 29 f LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right margin preserved; text consists of two fragments; diacritical dots in one point Fragment of a letter with commercial contents referring to financial transactions (dafa’tu min al-.. alladhi ma’i ilayhi = I paid from the … which are with me to him) Verso: traces of ink written in same direction as recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.3 (h) x 3.4 (w) and 3.6 (h) x 6.6 (w) 60 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 29 g AMULET Recto: black writing on brown vellum; complete on all sides; holes around the rim of the vellum with traces of string to string amulet together; some holes in vellum Writing on this piece of vellum consists of fantasy signs in the form of letters; magic alphabet Verso: blank vellum provenance unknown unpublished 9.8 (h) x 4.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 29 h LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; top (3.0 cm) margin preserved; many lacunae due to worm holes and frayed papyrus fibres; no diacritical dots Address with name of addressee; the name of the sender would have been written on the now lost right half of the papyrus; “to Abu ‘Abdallah may God honour him (li-abi ‘Abd Allah akramahu [allah ) Verso: 1 line written in same direction as recto in same handwriting Beginning of the letter whose address is written on recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.9 (h) x 10.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 30 a ACCOUNT Recto: 11 lines written with faded black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right margin partially preserved; many holes in papyrus due to fibres that got lose; left bottom corner broken off; no diacritical dots List of personal names and amounts written out in Arabic and with Greek letters Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 14.0 (h) x 18.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 61 Ar. 30 b LETTER Recto: 7 lines written with black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right margin (3.5 cm) preserved; right upper and left bottom corners broken off; some small holes in papyrus due to fibres got lose; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter with commercial contents; sender writes that he has bought and taken something (ishtaraytu fa-akhad[tu ) and mentioning the Fayyum Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 10.6 (h) x 14.9 (w) and 1.6 (h) x 1.4 (w) and 1.2 (h) x 1.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 30 c NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; some small holes in papyrus; diacritical dots and slanting line over sin LETTER Verso: 4 lines written at 90° turn compared to recto in a different, much finer hand than recto; left margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.8 (h) x 5.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 30 d LETTER Recto: 9 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right margin preserved; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures Fragment of a letter dealing with agricultural matters; (qirt = clover) Verso: 9 lines written at a 180° turn compared to recto right margin preserved Continuation of letter on recto pertaining to same produce clover (qirt ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 12.8 (h) x 2.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 62 Ar. 30 e ACCOUNT Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; text consists of three fragments; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account containing Greek letters used as numerals Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.3 (h) x 1.3 (w) and 3.0 (h) x 0.5 (w) and 5.3 (h) x 0.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 30 f NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.5 (h) x 2.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 31 a LETTER Recto: 6 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right (0.5 cm) margin preserved; left half and top of papyrus are unreadable because fibres have come lose; few diacritical dots Fragment of a letter pertaining to agricultural (qamh = grain) and financial (mal = money) matters; reference is made to the a letter from the addressee (kitabuka ) and the sender writes twice that he has mentioned something (dhakartu ); the sender also expresses his hope about something (fa-arju an…) Verso: traces of ink of address letter on recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 12.8 (h) x 9.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 63 Ar. 31 b LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; fibres have got loose in several places resulting in many holes and unreadable parts of papyrus; some diacritical dots; part of letter Ar. 30 a? Fragment of a letter containing blessings on addressee (adama ‘izzaka = may He increase your position; ‘azzaka = may He strengthen you) and the request to do something quickly (wa-ta’jal muwafaqan bidhalika = and hurry doing that and be successful) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 10.1 (h) x 12.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 30 c LETTER Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus; right margin preserved; in the middle of the papyrus a broad band of fibres have got lose and disappeared; no diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures Fragment of a letter containing blessings on the addressee (atala all[ah baqa’aka = may God prolong [your life); ayyadaka alla ]h = may God support you) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: traces of two lines written in black ink in same direction as recto but in a different hand; bottom, right and left margins preserved; some diacritical dots; horizontal line over sin papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.4 (h) x 8.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 31 d LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; right (2.5 cm) margin preserved; top and bottom left corners broken off; no diacritical dots; horizontal line over sin Fragment of a letter dealing with commercial matters; sender writes that he has made a payment (dafa’atu ) Verso: traces of black ink papyrus Arabic provenance unknown 64 unpublished 7.1 (h) x 4.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 32 a NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in faded black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: traces of ink papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.3 (h) x 5.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 32 b LIST Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; right margin preserved; diacritical dots in one place; lines have all been crossed out Fragment of a list of names (Abu ‘Abdallah b. al-Fasil; Abu al-Tayyib b. ‘Abd …; ‘Abd al-…) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 8.4 (h) x 5.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 32 c LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; top (4.3 cm) and right (4.0 cm) margins preserved; some diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of a text of one line containing blessings on the addressee (ju’iltu fidaka = may I be made your ransom) written above basmala which is only partially preserved NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 1 line written in same direction but in a different hand than recto; no diacritical dots Only the beginning of this text in the form of part of the basmala is preserved papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.1 (h) x 12.8 (w) 65 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 32 d ACCOUNT Recto: 7 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right (3.5 cm) margin preserved; left bottom corner broken off; diacritical dots in one place Fragment of a list of quantities of products (al-zayt = the oil); only the sub-headings have been preserved Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 13.5 (h) x 6.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 32 e LETTER Verso: 1 line written at a 180° turn compared to recto in a different hand; broken off on all sides; diacritical dots in one place Fragment of an address or letter containing blessings on a third person (Ab]u al-Khayr atala a]llah baqa’ahu ) NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; papyrus fibres have got lose and disappeared in many places leaving holes; no diacritical dots [Coptic ???] papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 11.3 (h) x 3.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 32 f ACCOUNT Recto: 3 lines written with black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; at middle of upper margin large part broken off; other damages to papyrus as well; some diacritical dots Fragment of an account of agricultural produce (qamh = grain); numbers are written with Greek letters Verso: 3 lines written in same direction and same hand as recto; broken off on all sides; horizontal line divides two entries 66 Continuation of account listing again a delivery of grain (hamal min al-qamh ) and mentioning the week days Wednesday and Thursday papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.4 (h) x 12.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 32 g NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures Fragment of a text which mentions that someone has received something (qabada ) ACCOUNT Verso: 5 lines written at a 90° turn compared to recto in a different hand; right margin preserved; no diacritical dots; some lines are written across each other Fragment of an account mentioning personal names (Ahmad) and the land tax (kharaj ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.4 (h) x 5.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 32 h LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of the end of a letter conveying greetings to third persons (‘ala Muhammad al-salam wa ‘ala …) ACCOUNT Verso: 3 lines written at a 90° turn compared to recto and 1 line written in same direction as recto all in a different hand; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account mentioning qirats (khamsa bi-qirat ); the line written in same direction as recto contains the phrase “thank be to God” (al-hamdu li-llah ) written in a different hand than the rest of the text written on verso papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.0 (h) x 5.6 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 67 Ar. 32 i NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.0 (h) x 1.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 32 j NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: trace of 1 line of black ink written at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots; two hand writings are used on recto Verso: trace of 1 line written in same direction and in same hand as one of the handwritings used on recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 1.7 (h) x 4.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 32 k NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of a text where two phrases are wordily repeated in the two lines NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 2 lines written in same direction but in a different hand than recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.6 (h) x 4.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 32 l NON-LITERARY TEXT 68 Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; diacritical dot in one place Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.1 (h) x 6.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 33 a NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; many holes in papyrus due to fibres that got lose and worm holes; right bottom corner broken off Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.1 (h) x 5.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 33 b ACCOUNT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; some small lacunae; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account mentioning “and its people” (wa-ahluhu ) and amounts written with Greek letters Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.0 (h) x 3.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 33 c TAX LIST Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; left upper corner broken off; no diacritical dots; horizontal line over sin Fragment of a tax list for land tax (kharaj ) recording personal names (Peter) and if they paid for themselves (‘an nafsihi ) Verso: blank 69 papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.5 (h) x 3.6 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 33 d LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus; top margin preserved; all corners broken off; ink is faded in some places; some diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of a letter containing the partial names of the sender (… b. Ziyad) mentioning that the sender was in good health when he wrote this letter (al-kitab …wa-hali salama ) which is a standard opening formula. Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.2 (h) x 14.4 (w) 2nd AH/8th AD Ar. 33 e LETTER Recto: 3 lines written with black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; fibres have come undone in several places creating holes in the papyrus; no diacritical dots; some unconventional ligatures in opening formulae Fragment of the beginning of a letter containing traces of the basmala, opening formulae (atala allah baqa’aka wa-ad[ama ‘izzaka …) and the remark that the sender will inform the addressee of some news (akhbaruka ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 8.5 (h) x 11.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 33 f ACCOUNT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account mentioning the weight mithqal and years Verso: blank 70 papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.8 (h) x 4.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 33 g LETTER Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to papyrus; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter requesting the addressee to write to the sender concerning some matter (uktubni amr…) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.5 (h) x 3.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 33 h NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: trace of black ink written on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; left (3.0 cm) margin preserved; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 1.7 (h) x 5.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.1 (h) x 6.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 33 i LETTER Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; bottom (3.0 cm) margin preserved; some small holes in papyrus due to wear and tear; no diacritical dots 71 Fragment of the end of a letter containing a farewell blessing for the addressee (…al-su ‘anka = may God keep evil away from you) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 2 lines written in same direction but in different hand than recto; bottom margin preserved; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.4 (h) x 8.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 33 j LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus; bottom margin preserved; some small holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning the name Muhammad and that some woman is with the addressee’s (fa-hiya ‘indaka ) RECEIPT Verso: 2 lines written in same direction and same hand as recto Fragment of a receipt containing the name b. Qasim and a check mark in the form of a capital “H” (see also Ar. 35 i and Ar. 54 c) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.1 (h) x 3.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 33 k NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in faded black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; bottom margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a text containing the word “God” (allah ) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: trace of 1 line written in same direction but different hand than recto; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.9 (h) x 3.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 72 Ar. 33 l ACCOUNT Recto: 3 lines written in faded black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; left upper corner broken off; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.7 (h) x 4.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 33 m NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.5 (h) x 3.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 34 a TAX LIST Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; bottom margin preserved; some fibres have got lose resulting in holes in papyrus; some diacritical dots Fragment of a tax list recording what different people paid (ada fulan b. fulan ‘an nafsihi ) ACCOUNT Verso: 4 lines written at 90° turn compared to recto in a different hand; left margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of text mentioning a sum of qirat for the land tax (kharaj ) ends with cross sign indicating a check mark papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.0 (h) x 11.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 73 Ar. 34 b NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; papyrus consists of narrow band of fibres only; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.5 (h) x 7.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 34 c LETTER Recto: 7 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus; broken off on all sides; left upper corner broken off; ink is smudged in some places rendering the writing unreadable; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter urging the addressee to pay what was mentioned in this letter (tadfa’ ma fi hadha al-kitab ) LEGAL DOCUMENT Verso: 6 lines written in same direction as recto; right (2.5 cm) margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of the end of a legal document containing one autograph witness statement (shahida Musa b. …[‘ala iqrar fulan ibn fulan bi-ma fi ] hadha al-kitab wa-kataba [shahadatahu fi-khatihi ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.3 (h) x 7.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 34 d NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 5 lines of very faded black ink written on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; ink faded in most lines; left margin preserved; some small holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots LETTER Verso: 5 lines written in same direction as recto but in a different hand; bottom (0.5 cm) and right (0.5 cm) margins preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning the sister of the sender (l. 4 ukhti) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown 74 unpublished 6.5 (h) x 5.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 34 e TAX LIST Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; top (6.5 cm) margin preserved; papyrus fibres have got lose in some places resulting in holes; no diacritical dots Fragment of a tax list recording names (Muhammad) and amounts they paid for themselves (‘an nafsihi ); Greek letters are used for numerals Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 10.6 (h) x 6.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 34 f LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in faded black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a note with commercial contents mentioning the amount of five dinars and that the sender has paid something (dafa’tu ) ACCOUNT Verso: 3 lines written at 180° turn compared to recto and in a different hand; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.2 (h) x 5.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 34 g LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus; broken off on all sides; one small hole in the centre; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter in which the sender mentions that he has collected something (jama’tu ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic 75 provenance unknown unpublished 5.7 (h) x 4.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 34 h NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Very monumental and ornamental script with high hasta containing the word “slave” (‘abd ) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: traces of 3 lines written at 90° turn compared to recto in a different hand; large open spaces (2-3 cm) in between lines; no diacritical dots; broken off on all sides Ar. 34 i LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; text consists of two fragments; broken off on all sides; few small holes in papyrus; few diacritical dots Fragment of a letter urging the addressee not to turn to someone (lam tujih ila ) and mentioning the name … b. Juman LETTER Verso: 2 lines written in same direction as recto, but in a different hand; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Letter mentioning “this time” (hadha al-waqat ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.5 (h) x 4.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 34 j LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; one small hole in right margin; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter containing a blessing (‘azza [ka allah = may God strengthen you) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: traces of 1 line written at a 180° turn compared to recto and in a different hand; broken off on all sides; ink has disappeared at places; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown 76 unpublished 3.0 (h) x 3.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 34 k ACCOUNT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; top right and bottom left hand corner broken off; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account showing part of a horizontal line dividing different entries and part of a number written with Greek letters Verso: 2 lines written in same direction as recto Continuation of text on recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.8 (h) x 4.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 34 l NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on dark brown papyrus; broken off on all sides; many small holes; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.9 (h) x 2.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 35 a LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; text consists of three fragments; in the middle of the papyrus a large part is missing; no diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures Fragment of a letter mentioning “old Cairo” (al-Fustat ) and a blessing for the addressee (‘azzaka [allah = may God] strengthen you) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.3 (h) x 3.0 (w) and 3.0 (h) x 5.8 (w) and 1.8 (h) x 7.3 (w) 77 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 35 b LETTER Recto: 6 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right (4.5 cm) margin preserved; some holes in papyrus due to fibres that got lose; no diacritical dots Fragmetn of a letter in which the sender mentions that he has discussed something (l. 5 kalamtu ) and ending with a blessing for the addressee (hafazaka allah = may God protect you) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 11.0 (h) x 9.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 35 c LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; right (2.8 cm) and bottom margins preserved; some small holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots; some unconventional ligatures Fragment of the end of a letter mentioning personal names (Abi Ahmad; Muhammad b. ‘Abd alQadir) and that someone was present at something (hadara ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.9 (h) x 12.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 35 d LETTER Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of a text referring that something happened to a third person in the same way as it happened to someone else (kana ilayhi kama …) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.7 (h) x 7.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 78 Ar. 35 e LETTER Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning that the addressee has done something for himself (nafsaka ) Verso: traces of 1 line written in black ink in same direction as recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.3 (h) x 12.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 35 f LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right (3.0 cm) margin preserved; some fibres have got lose resulting in holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter containing a blessing for the addressee (abqaka allah = may God maintain you) LEGAL DOCUMENT Verso: 2 lines written in same direction as recto; left margin preserved; no diacritical dots; horizontal line over sin Fragment of the end of a legal document recording that the parties involved agreed to what was written in the document (jami’ bi-ma fi hadha al-kitab = to everything that is [written] in this document) and giving part of the date (sulh al-Muharram sanna …= end of the [month] Muharram of the year …) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.7 (h) x 9.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 35 g LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; some holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter urging the addressee to hurry writing his answer to the present letter (wa-a’jal fi al-jawwab ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic 79 provenance unknown unpublished 6.9 (h) x 7.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 35 h NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; one hole at top right corner; no diacritical dots LETTER Verso: 2 lines written in same direction as recto; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter containing a blessing for the addressee (a’zzaka ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.9 (h) x 2.6 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 35 i NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on dark brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; vacant spot at beginning of line 2 Fragment of a text containing a check mark in the form of a capital “H” (see also Ar. 54 c, Ar. 33 j verso) Verso: 2 lines written at a 180° compared to recto in the same hand; bottom margin preserved; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.0 (h) x 2.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 36 a LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; top and left margins preserved; some holes in papyrus due to fibres that got loose; diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of a letter containing opening blessings on the addressee; (wa-‘azzaka allah wa-akramaka wa-madda fi-‘izzaka [wa-gu’il]tu fidaka = and may God preserve you and may He honour you and prolong your position [and I was ma]de your ransom) Verso: blank papyrus 80 Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.2 (h) x 13.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 36 b NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; top (2.8 cm) and right (1.2 cm) margins preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of a text of which only the basmala is partially preserved LETTER Verso: 2 lines written in same direction but in different hand than recto; top (2.7 cm) and left (1.7 cm) margins preserved; bottom right hand corner broken off; diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of a letter containing only part of the basmala and some opening formulae with blessings on the addressee (ju’iltu fidaka = I was made your ransom) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.2 (h) x 5.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 36 c LETTER Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; text consists of two fragments; some small worm holes; top left hand corner is broken off; diacritical dots Fragment of a letter dealing with commercial matters (bi-thaman = for the price) and containing a blessing for the addressee (gu’iltu fidaka = I was made your ransom) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 3 lines written in black ink in same direction but in different hand than recto; broken off on all sides; diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 1.8 (h) x 5.8 (w) and 2.6 (h) x 3.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 36 d NON-LITERARY TEXT 81 Recto: 2 lines written in slightly faded black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; right (3.0 cm) margin preserved Fragment of a text mentioning the name Musa b. Bakir Verso: 3 lines written in very faded ink in same direction as recto and in same handwriting papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.7 (h) x 10.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 36 e LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter in which the sender writes that he has learned about something (‘alimtu ) ACCOUNT Verso: traces of 1 line written in same direction, but different hand than recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account with trace of a Greek letter used as numeral [???] papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.9 (h) x 3.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 36 f LETTER Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter in which the sender writes that he was carried somewhere (hamalani li-…) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 1.5 (h) x 2.6 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 36 g LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; top margin preserved; no diacritical dots 82 Fragment of the beginning of a letter; hook of the “ba” of the basmala is just visible in upper left corner; opening formulae containing blessings on addressee are partially preserved (fi ta’atihi wa‘azzaka = in obedience towards Him and may He preserve you) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: trace of a sign/letter written in a different hand than recto; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.0 (h) x 2.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 36 h ACCOUNT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink chipped off in places on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; bottom (1.7 cm) margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account only part of a number written with Greek letters indicates that this is an account Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.1 (h) x 1.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 37 a LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; top margin preserved; upper right corner broken off without damaging text; in the middle of bottom margin a large part of papyrus is broken off; some small worm holes; no diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of a letter preserving only part of the basmala and part of the address containing only the name of the sender and some instructions about the delivery of the letter (min ta… ‘inda al-misjad = from Ta… [deliver] at the mosque); in the right hand corner part of the basmala at the beginning of the letter is visible NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: traces of 1 line written in same direction as recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.8 (h) x 10.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 83 Ar. 37 b LETTER Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus; left (2.0 cm) margin preserved; some holes where fibres got lose and disappeared; diacritical dots Fragment of a letter with commercial contents mentioning qirats and that something happens in every year (fi kulli sannatin) and mention is made to a letter (kitab ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 9.5 (h) x 6.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 37 c LEGAL DOCUMENT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; left (1.2 cm ) and bottom (1.8 cm) margins preserved; right bottom corner broken off; some small holes in papyrus due to fibres that got loose and disappeared; no diacritical dots Fragment of the end of a legal document containing part of a date (yawm al-]sabt li-arba’u = the day of ]Saturday four [days remaining/passed of the month … in the year…) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 10.0 (h) x 6.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 37 d LETTER Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; top (3.0 cm) preserved; holes in papyrus due to fibres that got lose and disappeared; diacritical dots in one place Fragment of the beginning of a letter; in the upper right hand corner the end of the basmala is preserved; opening formulae containing blessings on the addressee are partially preserved (adama allah ‘izza]ka wa-karamataka wa-ta’[yidaka = may God increase the position] of you and your honour and the sup[port of you; wa-zada] fi fadlihi wa-ahsanihi [alayka= and may He increase] his grace and goodness [to you) ACCOUNT Verso: 2 lines written in same direction, but different hand than recto; bottom margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account with Greek letters used as numbers 84 papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 10.5 (h) x 5.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 37 e LETTER Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right (4.4 cm) and bottom margins preserved; left and right bottom corners broken off without damaging text End of letter naming the date the letter was written or the name of the scribe (kutiba fi …/kataba fulan ibn fulan ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.3 (h) x 10.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 38 a LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; left and top margins preserved; some holes in papyrus due to fibres that got lose and broke off; no diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of a letter containing only the final part of the basmala and some opening formulae containing blessings on the addressee (wa-adama ‘izzaka = and may He prolong your existence; wa-atamma ni’matahu]‘alayka = may He bestow a full measure of His bounty] upon you) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 2 lines written in same direction but different hand than recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots [Coptic???] papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.4 (h) x 3.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 38 b LETTER Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; top (3.0 cm) and bottom (0.7 cm) margins preserved; large part of papyrus is broken off at right margin; no diacritical dots 85 Fragment of an address mentioning the freedman Abu al-…(mawla Abi al-…) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.8 (h) x 5.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 38 c LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on dark brown papyrus parallel to fibres; top margin preserved; text consists of two fragments; at middle of papyrus at top margin large part of papyrus is broken off; some diacritical dots; one letter in a word is crossed out Fragment of a letter containing a blessing for the addressee (‘azzaka allah = may God preserve you) and mentioning Old Cairo (al-Fustat ); the writer corrected the writing of Fustat by crossing out the “sad” changing it into a “sin”; the final “ta” is difficult to read here Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.5 (h) x 6.2 (w) and 3.8 (h) x 7.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 39 a LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; right upper corner broken off; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter in which the sender writes that something pleased him (‘ajabtu ) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: traces of 2 lines written in faded brownish black ink in same direction but different, much larger, hand than recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.9 (h) x 3.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 39 b LETTER 86 Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on dark brown papyrus; broken off on all sides; upper right hand corner broken off Fragment of the beginning of a letter containing part of the basmala and opening formulae with blessings on addressee (atala allah ] baqa’aka wa-adama ‘izz ]aka = may God prolong] your life and may He increase the position] of you) LETTER Verso: 2 lines written in same direction as recto; top margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of a letter containing part of the basmala and opening formulae with blessings on the addressee exactly the same ones as recto (scribal exercise? For no follow-up of letter; vacant below second line both recto and verso) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.9 (h) x 5.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 39 c NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; top (2.3 cm) margin preserved; some small worm holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures Fragment of the beginning of a text containing only part of the basmala Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.8 (h) x 8.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 40 a ACCOUNT Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right (3.0 cm) margin preserved; papyrus fibres have got lose in many places resulting in holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account mentioning amounts written with Greek letters Verso: 6 lines written in same direction as recto: left margin preserved Continuation of text on recto; personal names (George b. …) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 9.6 (h) x 14.1 (w) 87 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 40 b NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; many small holes in papyrus due to wear and tear and worm holes; Arabic is written over an older Greek account written in brown/faded black ink Verso: Greek papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 14.2 (h) x 6.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 41 a LETTER Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; papyrus is badly frayed and there are many holes and lacunae due to fibres that got lose and disappeared; some diacritical dots Fragment of a letter in which the sender writes that something will be the way he asked it the addressee (kama yakunu ma sa’altuka ) and a remark to something in someone’s care is made (fi hiyatihi ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 10.1 (h) x 17.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 41 b NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; left margin is preserved; papyrus is badly frayed and many fibres have got lose and broken off resulting in large holes in the papyrus; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 10.6 (h) x 10.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 88 Ar. 41 c LETTER Recto: 7 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to the fibres; broken off on all sides; papyrus is badly frayed and many fibres have got lose leaving many holes and lacunae in the papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter containing a blessing for a third person (adama ] allah ‘izzahu = may God increase his position) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 8.0 (h) x 5.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 41 d ACCOUNT Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; papyrus consists of few bands of fibres with holes in them; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account with Greek letters used as numerals Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 10.8 (h) x 7.6 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 41 d LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in faded black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; papyrus fibres have come lose causing many holes in the papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter in which the sender writes that he will inform the addressee of something (wa-‘alamuka ) Verso: 4 lines written at a 180° turn compared to recto in same handwriting Continuation of letter on recto [???] papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 12.7 (h) x 5.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 89 Ar. 41 e NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: papyrus is mounted at a 90° angle to writing direction; 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; papyrus is badly frayed and damaged; no diacritical dots Verso: 2 lines written in same direction as recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.1 (h) x 9.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 42 a NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 6 lines written in black ink on dark brown paper; top (6.3 cm) and left margins preserved; leave from a codex; some holes in paper; some diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 10.0 (h) x 7.4 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 42 b NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; top left and right angles have broken off; no diacritical dots LETTER Verso: 4 lines written in same direction but different hand than recto; broken off on all sides; diacritical dots in one place Fragment of a letter containing a reference to someone who walked in de wind until (fa-masha fi al-rih hatta …) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.5 (h) x 12.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 42 c 90 NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 5 lines written in black ink and 1 line written at a 180° turn in bottom margin in brown ink on brown paper; left, right and bottom margins preserved; many diacritical dots and signs Fragment of an amulet [???] Magical text [???] Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.8 (h) x 4.5 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 42 d NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: writing in black ink on light brown paper; left and bottom margins are preserved; many holes in paper due to tears and worm holes; no diacritical dots Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.8 (h) x 7.8 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 42 e ACCOUNT Recto: 18 lines written in black ink on brown paper discoloured by large dark brown stain; left (4.5 cm) and bottom (1.8 cm) margins are preserved; several small holes in paper; no diacritical dots; some unconventional ligatures Fragment of an account with amounts of dinars; crosses at the end of the lines indicate that payments are fulfilled Verso: 16 lines written in same direction and same hand as recto; left and bottom margins preserved Continuation of text on recto paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 14.8 (h) x 8.5 (w) 6th AH/12th AD Ar. 42 f NON-LITERARY TEXT 91 Recto: 7 lines written in black ink on brown paper; bottom and right margins preserved; many small holes in paper and some dark brown stains; diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 8.2 (h) x 6.4 (w) 5th-6th AH/11th-12th AD Ar. 43 a LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in faded black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; top (1.2 cm), bottom (2.5 cm) and left (1.8 cm) margins preserved; left bottom corner broken off; no diacritical dots Note mentioning “that what belongs to the estates” (ma fi … al-diya ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.4 (h) x 7.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 43 b LETTER Recto: 10 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus largely discoloured in the middle part by a dark brown stain at right angles to fibres; right (2.3 cm) margin preserved; bottom left corner is broken off; in several places fibres have been broken off leaving large holes in the papyrus; text consists of two fragments; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter with the address written on top of basmala; opens with opening formulae containing blessings on addressee; sender refers to something the addressee had mentioned to him (in a previous letter?) (wa-amma ma dhakarta fa-anni aktubu laka…= and concerning what you mentioned, well I will write you …) Verso: 5 lines written in same direction and same hand as recto Continuation of letter on recto making a reference to the sender’s letter (kitabi ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.7 (h) x 10.9 (w) and 9.2 (h) x 10.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 43 c 92 LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; top (3.4 cm) margin preserved; some holes in papyrus where fibres got lose and broke off; bottom right hand corner broken off; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures in basmala Fragment of a letter with an extended basmala (bismi llah al-rahman al-rahim alladhi hamala lina …) LETTER Verso: 3 lines written at 180° turn compared to recto; bottom margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of the end of a letter in which the addressee is addressed in a polite third person (atala allah baqa’ahu wa-adama ‘izzahu wa-tayidahu = may God prolong his life and increase his position and his support); a reference is made to the addressee’s partner (sahibuka ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.2 (h) x 11.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 43 d NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 1 line written in same direction as recto but in a different hand; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.6 (h) x 2.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 43 e LETTER Recto: incorrectly joined to Ar. 43 g; 5 lines written in black ink on grey papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; papyrus fibres have got lose and disappeared in many places on papyrus resulting in many holes and lacunae; text consists of two fragments; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter in which the sender writes that he has done something by himself (nafsi ) Verso: 3 lines written in same direction as recto in different hand; top margin preserved; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown 93 unpublished 8.6 (h) x 7.3 (w) and 6.3 (h) x 3.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 43 f LETTER Recto: 2 lines written on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; few small holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter in which the writer mentions that he told some people something (qultuhum ) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 1 line written in same direction but different, much smaller hand than recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.2 (h) x 4.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 43 g LETTER Recto: incorrectly joined to Ar. 43 e; 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; right bottom corner broken off; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter containing a blessing for the addressee (atala allah] ‘izzaka = may God prolong your life) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.1 (h) x 3.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 43 h ACCOUNT Recto: 3 lines written in fine hand in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres and above basmala three more lines written in a different faded black ink; right (3.0 cm) and top (3.3 cm) margin preserved; some diacritical dots Fragment of a text written in two hands the second text written in finer hand starts with the basmala written in centre of papyrus Verso: blank papyrus Arabic 94 provenance unknown unpublished 7.9 (h) x 7.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 43 I NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in faded black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: traces of ink papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 1.5 (h) x 0.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 44 a NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in very faded black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; top of papyrus has many lose fibres Fragment of a text containing the name … ibn ‘Abdallah Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.8 (h) x 10.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 44 b LETTER Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; top and left margins preserved; many wormholes and holes due to fibres that have got lose and disappeared; no diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of a letter starting with the basmala and containing opening formulae with blessings for the addressee and throughout the letter blessings on the addressee LETTER Verso: 5 lines written in same direction as recto Fragment of the beginning of another letter; traces of ink above the basmala perhaps of address letter on recto papyrus Arabic 95 provenance unknown unpublished 12.6 (h) x 11.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 44 c 3 pieces of papyrus stuck together (I); (II); (III) LETTER Recto (I): 12 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; left margin preserved; some small holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter asking the addressee to carry some load (fa-tahmal ) and asking the addressee to be so kind to do something (tatafaddalu ) NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: (II) 2 lines written in black ink at a 90° turn compared to (I) on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; not related to (I); right (5.0 cm) margin preserved; no diacritical dots BLANK PAPYRUS Recto: (III) blank brown papyrus Verso (I), (II) and (III): blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished (I) 17.9 (h) x 3.3 (w) and (II) 4.3 (h) x 10.4 (w) and (III) 2.9 (h) x 13 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 44 d ACCOUNT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; right margin preserved; left bottom corner broken off; some small holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of a list of names (Musa b. Sha…) and amounts of dinars with the numbers written with Greek letters Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 8.6 (h) x 7.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 44 e LETTER 96 Recto: 6 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; papyrus is badly damaged by worm holes; ink has disappeared in many places; diacritical dots in some places; horizontal line over sin Fragment of a letter referring to some load (alladhi hamala fi…) and containing the phrase “God willing” (in sha allah ) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 6 lines written in same direction as recto; very faded ink; left margin preserved thus later than recto; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 9.1 (h) x 8.6 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 44 f NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right (2.0 cm) margin preserved; some small holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of a text containing the name Ibn Ishaq and an indication that someone owes some money to someone else (lahu ‘alayhi ) Verso: traces of ink papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.2 (h) x 4.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 44 g LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; borken off on all sides; right and left bottom corners broken off; some small holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter referring to “this payment” (hadhihi al-daf’a ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.4 (h) x 7.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 44 h 97 ACCOUNT Recto: 2 lines written in slightly faded black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account containing the entry “year” (sanna ) and using Greek letters as numerals Verso: traces of two lines of faded black ink papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.0 (h) x 4.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 45 a NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: traces of different, larger hand papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 1.4 (h) x 4.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 45 b LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; line 1 and 3 are written at a 180° turn to line 2; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter conveying greetings to a woman (fa-qara ‘alayha )[???] Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.6 (h) x 3.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 45 c ACCOUNT Recto: 26 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; in the middle a large part of papyrus is broken off from the right margin; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account recording amounts written with Greek letters; a line of dots over a vertical line indicates the border between different entries Verso: 13 lines written in same direction as recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots 98 Continuation of text on recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 24.4 (h) x 4.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 45 d LETTER AND ACCOUNT Recto: 7 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; left margin preserved; left and right bottom corners broken off; no diacritical dots Address of a letter written on line 6; from Ata’a b. ‘Amr and Ahmad b. Muhammad Rest of the text is written in a different, much finer hand in the same direction; the lines belong to an account LETTER Verso: 3 lines written in same direction and same hand as address on recto and one line written above the basmala at a 180° turn compared to rest of text on verso: right margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter belonging to address on recto; only the basmala and opening formulae (atala] allah baqa’aka wa-[…= may God increase your life and may He […) have been preserved papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 10.4 (h) x 15.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 45 e NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: writing in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; one small hole in papyrus; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.8 (h) x 2.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 45 f NON-LITERARY TEXT 99 Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; top (1.2 cm) margin preserved; bottom right hand corner broken off; text consists of two fragments; no diacritical dots Fragment of a text starting with part of the basmala and referring to the whole of something (jami’a) LETTER Verso: 3 lines written in the same direction as recto; top (1.6 cm) preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of a letter starting with part of the basmala containing the phrase “praise be to God” (al-hamdu li-llah ) and making a reference to someone writing a letter (kataba ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.1 (h) x 4.7 (w) and 1.2 (h) x 1.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 45 g LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; some small holes in papyrus due to tear and wear Fragment of a letter in which the sender writes that he has written a letter (fa-anni katabtu ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.1 (h) x 5.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 45 h LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; right (1.7 cm) margin preserved; some small holes where papyrus fibres have got lose and disappeared; ink chipped off in places; no diacritical dots Fragment of the end of a letter conveying greetings Verso; blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.2 (h) x 4.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 100 Ar. 45 i ACCOUNT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; many worm holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots; horizontal line over sin Fragment of an account using Greek letters for numbers LETTER Verso: 3 lines written at a 90° turn compared to recto in a different hand; ink chipped off in many places; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter containing a blessing for the addressee (‘azzakuma allah ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.5 (h) x 6.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 45 j ACCOUNT Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on dark brown papyrus; broken off on all sides; some small holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account using Greek letters for numerals Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.9 (h) x 5.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 46 a LETTER Recto: 7 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right (4.5 cm) margin preserved; many small and large worm holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning what a third person is owed (wa-ma lahu ) and that someone did something (fa’alahu ) LETTER Verso: 8 lines written in same direction as recto but in a different hand; left margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter containing the phrase “God willing” (in sha allah ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown 101 unpublished 15.5 (h) x 11.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 46 b LETTER Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; many holes in papyrus due to worm holes and wear and tear; no diacritical dots; horizontal line over sin Fragment of a letter mentioning something that came from the addressee’s (min ‘anka ) and mentioning that the sender has learned something about the addressee (wa-ma ‘alimna ‘anka ) LETTER Verso: 5 lines written in faded black ink in same direction but different hand than recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter referring to agricultural matters (qamh = grain) papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 8.4 (h) x 6.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 46 c LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus; right (3.0 cm) margin preserved; many worm holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of the end of a letter conveying greetings (al-salam ‘ala …) Verso: traces of ink papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 4.7 (h) x 11.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 47 a LETTER Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right (1.9 cm) margin preserved; top left corner broken off; some small holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of the address containing the beginning of the name of the addressee (li-Abi al-…) Verso: traces of ink papyrus Arabic 102 provenance unknown unpublished 3.6 (h) x 6.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 47 b LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; some small worm holes in papyrus; some diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning someone’s news (khabr ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.4 (h) x 2.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 47 c LETTER Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; some small holes in papyrus due to wear and tear; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning a letter from the sender (kitabi hadha ) LETTER Verso: 1 line written in same direction but different hand than recto; broken off on all sides; many diacritical dots Fragment of a letter referring to what a third person thought (ma yazunnu ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.9 (h) x 7.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 47 d NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: blank Verso: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 103 2.3 (h) x 1.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 47 e NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on dark brown papyrus parallel to fibres Verso: traces of ink papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 1.5 (h) x 3.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 47 f ACCOUNT Recto: 6 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; ink is chipped off in many places; left margin preserved; many fibres have got loose and disappeared; some worm holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account with Greek letters used as numerals NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 6 lines written in same direction, but different hand than recto; right (1.8 cm) margin preserved; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 10.9 (h) x 10.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 47 g NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: blank Verso: traces of ink papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 1.2 (h) x 1.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 47 h 104 LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.3 (h) x 2.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 48 a LETTER Recto: papyrus is mounted at 90° turn to writing direction; 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; right (3.6 cm) margin preserved; fibres have got lose in some places; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter containing a blessing for a third person (akramahu allah ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.3 (h) x 23.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 48 b LETTER Recto: 1 line written in brown ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; top margin preserved; papyrus fibres got lose and disappeared leaving holes in many places in the papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of a note recording that the letter has arrived (yusilu hadha al-kitab …) Verso: traces of large writing in same direction as recto at the top of the papyrus and 1 line of smaller writing at the bottom of the papyrus Fragment of the letter referred to on recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.6 (h) x 17.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 48 c LETTER 105 Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; top and left margin preserved; top right hand corner broken off; some small holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of an address with the name of the addressee which would have been written on the now lost right half of papyrus followed by an eulogy (atala allah ] baqa’ahu ) and the name of the sender on the left NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 1 line written at 180° compared to recto; left (5.7 cm) and bottom (2.0 cm) margins preserved; some diacritical dots papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 5.5 (h) x 17.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 48 d NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 1.2 (h) x 13.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 48 e NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: trace of ink papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.0 (h) x 3.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 48 f LETTER 106 Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; left margin preserved; papyrus fibres frayed at the top; one large hole in papyrus; top right hand corner broken off; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter in which the sender writes that he has written a letter (katabtu ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.5 (h) x 9.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 48 g NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in faded black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; upper left hand corner broken off; no diacritical dots NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 1 line written at 180° compared to recto; right margin preserved, thus later than recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.1 (h) x 4.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 48 h LETTER Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; top and right margins preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of beginning of a letter of which only the beginning part of the basmala is preserved Verso: 1 line written in the same direction and same hand as recto; top and left margins preserved Fragment of the address of the letter on recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.6 (h) x 8.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 48 i NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; top and bottom left hand corners broken off; some diacritical dots 107 Verso: blank papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 2.9 (h) x 5.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 48 j LETTER Recto: 4 lines written in black ink chipped off in many places on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right (1.8 cm) margin preserved; fibres have got lose and disappeared in many places on papyrus; in the middle of the bottom margin a large part of the papyrus is broken off; bottom left hand corner is broken off; no diacritical dots Verso: 1 line written in same direction and same hand as recto; left margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of the address of the letter on recto containing instructions about the delivery of the letter ending with the phrase “God willing” (in sha allah ) papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 4.6 (h) x 13.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 49 a LETTER Recto: 15 lines written in black ink on brown paper mounted on fabric (book cover); the paper is covered in red spots making the reading unintelligible; left margin preserved; some diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures Fragment of a letter containing blessings on third persons (abqahu allah li = may God preserve him for me) Verso: blank paper and fabric Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 21.4 (h) x 7.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 49 b LETTER Recto: text is mounted at a 90° turn to writing direction; 6 lines written in black ink on light paper mounted on fabric (book cover) and 2 lines written in the right margin; the paper is covered in red 108 spots making the reading unintelligible; right and left margins preserved; some diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures Fragment of a letter Verso: 4 lines written insame direction and same hand as recto and 2 lines written at a 90° turn in the right hand margin; large part of the text is damaged and cannot be read; broken off on all sides Continuation of letter on recto paper and fabric Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 21.4 (h) x 7.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 50 a LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink, faded in some places on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; top and bottom left and right corners broken off; large, horizontally elongated hole in middle of first line; no diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of a letter containing opening formulae with blessings on the addressee (wa-atamma ni’matahu ‘a [layka = and may He fulfil his benefaction upon you; wa-adama allah karamataka = and may God increase your honour) Verso: 1 line written in black ink in same direction as recto; no diacritical dots Address of the letter on recto; a personal name is followed by blessings (atala allah baqa’ahu = may God increase his existence) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.4 (h) x 16.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 50 b LETTER Recto: 1 line written in black ink, slightly faded at places on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; some small holes in papyrus due to wear and tear; no diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning or end of a letter containing a blessing for the addressee (wa-ja’alani min al-su fi [daka = and may He make me your ransom from all evil) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.2 (h) x 9.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 109 Ar. 50 c NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: this fragment is incorrectly joined to Ar. 50 d; 1 line written in black ink on dark brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; one small hole in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of a text mentioning “God” (allah ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.2 (h) x 4.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 50 d NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: this fragment is incorrectly joined to Ar. 50 d; 3 lines written in black ink on dark brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; several holes in papyrus due to worm holes and tears; ink is smudged and letters crossed out in places; no diacritical dots Fragment containing repetitions of eulogies (atala allah baqa’aka … = may God increase your life) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.4 (h) x 4.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 50 e LETTER Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; top margin preserved; some holes due to fibres that have got lose Part of the address of the letter written on verso possibly containing the place the letter had to be delivered (bi-ashmuni ) Verso: 2 lines written in same direction as recto; top (3 cm) margin preserved; one diacritical dot Fragment of the beginning of a letter containing the basmala and opening formulae with blessings on the addressee (akramaka allah = may God honour you) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.7 (h) x 5.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 110 Ar. 50 f LETTER Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; writing is almost illegible due to mud that covers it; broken off on all sides; few small worm holes in papyrus; diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning that a letter is inside something and mentioning old Cairo (Fustat) Verso: 4 lines written in same direction and same hand as recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Continuation of letter on recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.9 (h) x 3.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 50 g LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; many small worm holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning something about the sender’s letter carrier (hamil kitabi) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.9 (h) x 6.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 50 h LETTER Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; some small holes in papyrus due to wear and tear; some diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of a letter starting with the basmala and opening formulae containing blessings on the addressee (atala allah ba ]qa’aka wa-adama ‘izza [ka = may God prolong the li]fe of you and may He increase the posit[ion of you); the sender mentions that someone unloaded something he got at the sender’s (fa-farragha min ‘indi ) Verso: 1 line written at a 90° turn compared to recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.0 (h) x 5.2 (w) 111 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 50 i LETTER Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; left (0.8 cm) margin preserved; many fibres have got lose resulting in holes in papyrus; some diacritical dots; final ya bends backwards; final alif extends below the line Fragment of a letter mentioning that “the men do not know except in …” (wa-laysa ya’rifu alrijal illa fi…) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.3 (h) x 11.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 50 j LETTER Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; top (5.0 cm) and right (3.3 cm) margins preserved; some small holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots; basmala is written in the middle of the page, for no trace on this part of the letter is preserved Fragment of the beginning of a letter containing opening formulae with blessings on the addressee (atala alla baqa’aka = may God prolong your life) ACCOUNT Verso: 6 lines written in same direction but different, earlier hand than recto; broken off on all sides, thus earlier than recto; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account containing the ends of words and numbers written with Greek letters; the last line contains the phrase “he has already paid” (qad dafa’a ) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.0 (h) x 9.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 51 a NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 4 lines written in black faded ink on brown paper; broken off on all sides; several small worm holes; 3 horizontal folding lines at 1.7 cm intervals; some diacritical dots Verso: blank paper Arabic 112 provenance unknown unpublished 5.8 (h) x 3.3 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 51 b NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 6 lines written in black ink with a fine hand on dark brown paper covered in mould spots; left and right margins partially preserved; bottom part in the middle is broken off; diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.0 (h) x 9.5 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 51 c NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 4 lines written in brown ink on light brown paper; broken off on all sides; some holes in paper due to worm holes and tears; some diacritical dots NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 1 line written in different hand in black ink in same direction as recto: broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of a text containing the name Muhammad b. … paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.3 (h) x 8.3 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 51 d ACCOUNT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on dark brown paper; broken off on all sides; some small holes in paper; few diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures Fragment of an account recording that someone received a sum of money (qabada ) Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 113 3.9 (h) x 5.4 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 51 e ACCOUNT Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on brown paper; right and left margins preserved; several holes in paper due to wear and tear; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.4 (h) x 9.1 (w) 4th-6th AH/10th-12th AD Ar. 52 a ACCOUNT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus; top (7.3 cm) and left (0.3 cm) margins preserved; some fibres have got lose resulting in holes in papyrus; one large hole in upper left hand corner; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account on which only the Greek letters used as numbers have been preserved Verso: trace of one line written in same direction as recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 13.1 (h) x 5.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 52 b LETTER Recto: 5 lines written in reddish brown ink on dark brown papyrus parallel to fibres; left margin is preserved; papyrus fibres have got lose in many places creating many holes and lacunae; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter containing a blessing for the addressee (‘ilayka hafazaka [allah = to you, may you be preserved [by God) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 8.7 (h) x 6.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 114 Ar. 52 c NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: trace of black ink Verso: traces of 1 line written in black ink written at right angles to fibres on brown papyrus; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.7 (h) x 0.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 52 d NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; some small holes where papyrus fibres have got lose; no diacritical dots Fragment of a text containing the word al-asfah LETTER Verso: 5 lines written in same direction but different hand than recto; broken off on all sides Fragment of a letter papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 10.3 (h) x 8.6 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 52 e ACCOUNT Recto: 4 lines written on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; upper right hand corner is broken off; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.8 (h) x 2.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 52 f LETTER 115 Recto: 3 lines written in reddish brown ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning the sender’s letter (hadha al-kitab ) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 2 lines written in black ink in same direction but different hand than recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.5 (h) x 5.6 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 53 LETTER Recto: 14 lines written in black ink on dark brown papyrus at right turn to fibres; right margin preserved; many fibres have got loose resulting in many holes in papyrus; top left hand corner is broken off; large hole in the middle of the papyrus; some diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning Abu Ja’far followed by a blessing (‘azzahu allah ) Verso: 9 lines written in same direction and same hand as recto and 2 lines written in the same hand at a 180° turn compared to recto Continuation of letter on recto; 2 lines written upside down contain the address with the name Isma’il b. … papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 25.8 (h) x 12.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 54 a ACCOUNT Recto: 5 lines written in faded black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; upper left hand corner broken off; large part of papyrus in the middle of the top margin broken off; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account Verso: 3 lines written in same direction as recto Continuation of the account; here only the numbers in two lines have been preserved papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.9 (h) x 8.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 116 Ar. 54 b LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; left (1.2 cm) and top (2.0 cm) margins preserved; bottom left and upper right hand corners broken off; text consist of two fragments; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures Fragment of a letter containing only part of the basmala and the opening formulae with blessings on the addressee (atala ) Verso: traces of ink papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.6 (h) x 3.2 (w) and 1.6 (h) x 1.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 54 c RECEIPT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; complete on all sides; no diacritical dots Receipt containing the name ‘Amr b. Ayyub and a check mark in the form of a capital “H” (see also Ar. 33 j and Ar. 35 i) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 2 lines written in black ink at a 180° turn compared to recto; left margin only preserved, thus earlier than recto; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.4 (h) x 4.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 54 d ACCOUNT Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on dark brown paper; broken off on all sides; text consists of 6 fragments; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account dealing with agricultural products (qamh ); numbers are written using Greek letters Verso: 4 lines written in same direction and same hand as recto, but ink is very faded; broken off on all sides Continuation of account on recto paper Arabic 117 provenance unknown unpublished 1.6 (h) x 1.6 (w) and 0.8 (h) x 0.8 (w) and 5.2 (h) x 4.9 (w) and 0.7 (h) x 0.9 (w) and 0.8 (h) x 0.8 (w) and 2.3 (h) x 2.1 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 54 e LETTER Recto: 8 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; bottom right hand corner is broken off; no diacritical dots; writing shows characteristics of early 1st/2nd century calligraphy and formulae Fragment of a letter starting with the basmala and naming the sender of the letter (min fulan b. ) and mentioning the larger geographical unit the village of the addressee belongs to (kura ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.0 (h) x 9.1 (w) 1st-2nd AH/7th-8th AD Ar. 54 f ACCOUNT Recto: 6 lines written in black ink on brown paper; bottom (2.8 cm) and left margins preserved; in middle of left margin part of paper is torn off; text consists of two fragments; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 9.1 (h) x 4.4 (w) and 1.7 (h) x 2.3 (w) 6th AH/12th AD Ar. 54 g NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; diacritical dots in one place Fragment of a text containing a name (ila Abu li…) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 118 1.4 (h) x 3.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 54 h ACCOUNT Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on brown paper; left margin preserved; one large hole in upper left hand corner without damaging the text; some diacritical dots Fragment of an account DOCUMENTARY TEXT Verso: traces of 1 line written in same direction as recto paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.5 (h) x 3.6 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 54 i LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; left (1.3 cm) margin preserved; frayed papyrus fibres at top; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter containing the phrase “God willing” (in sha’ allah ) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 2 lines written in black ink in same direction, but different hand than recto; broken off on all sides, thus earlier than recto; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.7 (h) x 6.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 54 j NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink faded in places on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.4 (h) x 3.2 (w) 119 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 54 k NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on grey papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: traces of ink papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.2 (h) x 2.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 54 l LETTER Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; right (1.2 cm) and left (0.7 cm) margins preserved; text consists of 4 fragments; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter containing part of blessing for the addressee (atala [allah baqa’aka = may God prolong your life), the sender writes that he told (qultu ) someone something and that he knows something (adri ) ACCOUNT/LETTER Verso: fragments contain parts of lines written in same direction and at a 180° turn compared to recto Fragment of an account containing the phrase “he has paid” (dafa’a) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.5 (h) x 2.6 (w) and 3.1 (h) x 2.5 (w) and 3.5 (h) x 2.7 (w) and 8.7 (h) x 2.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 54 m NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written on dark brown paper; broken off on all sides; paper is crumbled up and damaged/torn in many places; no diacritical dots Verso: traces of ink written at a 180° turn compared to recto paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.0 (h) x 5.2 (w) 4th AH/10th AD 120 Ar. 54 n NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: 1 line written in same direction as recto and many dots written in same ink underneath that line papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.3 (h) x 2.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 54 o NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on dark brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; ink is chipped off in places; no diacritical dots Verso: 1 line written in same direction as recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.8 (h) x 2.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 54 p NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown paper; left margin preserved; upper right hand corner broken off; many unconventional ligatures; very cursive script Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.8 (h) x 3.2 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Ar. 54 q TAXLIST Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; diacritical dot in one place 121 Fragment of a tax list recording personal names, how much they have paid and whether they paid for themselves (ada fulan b. fulan ‘an nafsihi…) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.2 (h) x 2.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 55 a LETTER Recto: 5 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to the fibres; top (4.5 cm) margin preserved; large part of papyrus is broken off in middle of the top margin; many small worm holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of a letter containing opening formulae with blessings on the addressee (…] karamataka wa-atamma ni’amatahu [‘alay]ka wa-zada fi [ahsanihi ‘alayka = may God …] your honour and may He complete his blessings [upon] you and may he increase [his benefactions upon you), followed by Coptic Verso: blank papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 11.0 (h) x 10.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 55 b LETTER Recto: 9 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; fibres have got lose resulting in lacunae and holes in the papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter mentioning that the sender has written someone (qad katabtu…) and that he has taken something (akhadtu ); the letter ends with greetings Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 9.7 (h) x 4.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 55 c NON-LITERARY TEXT 122 Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on dark brown papyrus at right turn to fibres and 2 lines written in same hand at a 90° turn in the right margin (text is mounted at 90° to this description); right margin preserved; three dots in triturn shape possibly used as decoration; no diacritical dots Fragment of a text containing the name Muhammad Verso: 3 lines of writing or decoration papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.7 (h) x 3.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 55 d NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 3 lines written in faded brown ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; some small holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Verso: traces of 1 line written in black ink in same direction as recto but in a different hand papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.3 (h) x 3.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 55 e LETTER Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; bottom (1.0 cm) and left (1.5 cm) margins preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of the end of a letter ending with a blessing for the addressee (atala allah baqa’aka = may God prolong your life) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 1.1 (h) x 11.5 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 55 f LETTER Recto: 1 line written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; top (1.0 cm), bottom (2.0 cm) and right (2.5 cm) margins preserved; no diacritical dots Address of letter on verso Verso: 2 lines written in same direction; ink is very faded; broken off on all sides 123 Fragment of a letter containing part of an opening formula with a blessing for the addressee (waja’alani] allah fidaka = and I was made] by God your ransom) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.9 (h) x 5.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 55 g LEGAL DOCUMENT Recto: 9 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; left margin preserved; some wormholes in papyrus; no diacritical dots Fragment of the end of a legal document; dated to the year ?66, based on the script it can safely be dated to 266 AH (879/880 AD) and ending with witness statements Verso: Coptic papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 15 (h) x 7.7 (w) 266 AH/879-880 AD (date recto) Ar. 55 h NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.2 (h) x 1.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 55 i NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: 1 line written in the same direction as recto papyrus Arabic 124 provenance unknown unpublished 1.6 (h) x 3.6 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 55 j ACCOUNT Recto: 4 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; left and bottom margins preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account using Greek letters as numerals LETTER Verso: 1 line written in same direction but different hand than recto; bottom margin preserved, thus earlier than recto; no diacritical dots Fragment of the end of a letter containing part of a closing formula with blessing for the addressee papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.0 (h) x 4.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 55 k NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.3 (h) x 1.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 56 a NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; ink is chipped off in several places; broken off on all sides; two larger holes and some small holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots LETTER Verso: 2 lines written in same direction but different hand than recto; ink is faded or has disappeared in places; bottom (2.5 cm) margin preserved, thus later than recto; no diacritical dots Fragment of the end of a letter containing a closing formula with blessing for the adressee (ja’alani fidaka = He made me your ransom) 125 papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.7 (h) x 7.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 56 b ACCOUNT Recto: 8 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; several holes in papyrus due to wear and tear; some diacritical dots Fragment of an account recording amounts of dirhams written out in Arabic and personal names LETTER Verso: 7 lines written in same direction but different hand than recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of the end of a letter containing the phrase “God willing!” (in sha allah ). The sender asks the addressee to bring some honey (tahmal al-‘asal ). The name Abu ‘Ali is mentioned. The letter ends with greetings. papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 11.6 (h) x 4.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 56 c ACCOUNT Recto: 7 lines written in black ink, faded in places on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; many worm holes in papyrus; diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures Fragment of an account mentioning amounts of dirhams written out in Arabic and days of the week (yawm al-khamis ) NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 3 lines written at 180° to recto; left margin preserved; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 12.8 (h) x 7.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 56 d ACCOUNT 126 Recto: 11 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of an account of which only the Greek letters used as numerals have been preserved Verso: traces of lines written in the same direction as recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 9.5 (h) x 3.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 56 e NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in faded, chipped off ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides Verso: traces of ink papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.0 (h) x 8.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 56 f NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in reddish brown ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; top left and right corners broken off; no diacritical dots Verso: traces of 1 line written in black ink in same direction but different hand than recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.1 (h) x 6.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 56 g NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on dark brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: 1 line written in same direction but different hand than recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic 127 provenance unknown unpublished 3.7 (h) x 2.3 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 56 h NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; right margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a text mentioning a shop (dukkan ) Verso: traces of ink papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.2 (h) x 4.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 56 i LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter with part of a blessing for the addressee (ju’iltu [fidaka = I am made [your ransom; wa-‘azzaka = and may He protect you) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.0 (h) x 2.8 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 56 j NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: 1 line written in same direction and same hand as recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.2 (h) x 5.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 128 Ar. 56 k NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; left (1.2 cm) margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of a text containing only the word “God” (allah ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.1 (h) x 3.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 57 a LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; papyrus is frayed at top and bottom; some small holes in the papyrus; some diacritical dots; some unconventional ligatures Fragment of a letter in which the sender conveys some information about a third person (wa-huwa rajul …) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 17.9 (h) x 13.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 57 b NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 6.5 (h) x 1.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 57 c LETTER 129 Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; one hole and some small worm holes in centre of papyrus; some diacritical dots Fragment of a letter in which the sender tells the addressee that he has bought him something (ishtaraytu laka ) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.4 (h) x 7.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 57 d NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 3 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus parallel to fibres; right (1.2 cm) margin preserved; top left and bottom right hand corners broken off; no diacritical dots LETTER Verso: 2 lines written in black ink in same direction but different hand than recto; left margin preserved; no diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of a letter containing part of an opening formula with blessings on the addressee (atala al]lah baqa’aka = may God prol]ong your life) papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 5.9 (h) x 3.1 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 57 e LETTER Recto: 6 lines written in black ink faded in many places on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; left margin preserved; some small holes in papyrus; no diacritical dots; some unconventional ligatures Fragment of a letter containing a blessing for the addressee (ayyadaka = may He support you) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 8.3 (h) x 4.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 57 f 130 LETTER Recto: 5 lines written in black ink chipped off and faded in several places on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; several holes in papyrus; two large parts broken off from the papyrus in the top and bottom of the right margin; no diacritical dots; horizontal line over sin Fragment of a letter in which the sender refers to the time he has dwelled somewhere (ila mudda sakantu …) Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 7.4 (h) x 7.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Ar. 57 g LETTER Recto: 2 lines written in black ink on light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; broken off on all sides; papyrus fibres are frayed at the bottom; several small holes in papyrus; left bottom corner broken off Fragment of a letter in which the sender writes that someone came to the addressee Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 8.0 (h) x 8.7 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Cop. 4 6 Recto: Coptic LETTER Verso: 4 lines written in black ink parallel to fibres; same writing direction as recto; top and left margins preserved; papyrus is frayed on all sides; no diacritical dots; vertical line over sin Letter starting with basmala and blessings for addressee (ju’iltu fidaka w-atala allah baqa’aka wa ‘izzaka w-akramaka = I was made your ransom and may God increase your life and your position and may He bestow honours on you); sender informs the addressee that he had been informed that the latter will take a meal at the senders house on a specific day (today) (bi-an ta’jala ghada’ ‘indi al-yawm …) papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 12.5 (h) x 12.2 (w) 131 3rd AH/9th AD Cop. 4 11 LIST Verso: 3 lines written in black ink parallel to fibres; same writing direction as recto; left and right margins preserved; middle line unreadable due to damage of the papyrus; no diacritical dots List of names (Muhammad b. Sulayman the tailor (al-khayat ), Mas’ud b. Muhammad) papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 4.8 (h) x 16.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Cop. 8 2 NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: end of one line of Arabic written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; left, top and bottom margins preserved; no diacritical dots; writing direction at 90° to recto papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 11.2 (h) x 7.1 (w) 3rd AH/ 9th AD Cop. 8 8 LETTER Verso: 3 lines written in black ink on brown papyrus at 90° to recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of a letter in which the sender instructs the addressee to write him a letter telling him his news and about his health and ending with blessings for the addressee papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 13.8 (h) x 6.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Cop. 8 9 LETTER Verso: 9 lines written in black ink on light papyrus; bottom margin preserved; one small lacuna; no diacritical dots 132 Fragment of a letter in which the sender conveys greetings at the end of the letter and tells the addressee that he has asked a third person something papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 14.4 (h) x 3.2 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Cop. 9 3 TAX LIST Verso: 6 lines written in black ink, faded almost completely in places on brown papyrus at a 90° turn compared to recto; no diacritical dots Tax list giving individual amounts and the total for the year (wa-ijtam’aha li-sanna followed by Greek letters possibly indicating a year) in the column under the only heading remaining Greek letters used as numbers is the only writing readable papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 20.0 (h) x 7.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Cop. 9 6 LETTER Verso: 1 line written in black ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; same writing direction as recto; broken off on all sides; no diacritical dots Fragment of the beginning of an address: to Abu ‘A…(li-abi ‘a…) papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 5.3 (h) x 2.7 (w) 2nd AH/8th AD Cop. 10 6 Recto: small fragment of brown papyrus with one Arabic word detectable written in thick black ink parallel to fibres Verso: two Arabic words in same handwriting and written in same direction as recto papyrus Arabic provenance unknown 133 unpublished 1.3 (h) x 3.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Cop. 10 10 NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 1 horizontal line drawn in brown ink on brown papyrus parallel to fibres; abroken off on all sides; one small worm hole in middle of papyrus Fragment of an Arabic text; part of a protocol papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 2.3 (h) x 2.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Cop. 10 11 PROTOCOL Verso: traces of brown/black ink covering the whole light brown papyrus at right angles to fibres written at a 90° turn compared to recto; broken off on all sides; top left corner broken off; some small parts of papyrus are broken off from the margins and some fibres have got lose in middle of papyrus papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 6.0 (h) x 6.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Cop. 12 4 Recto: Coptic NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: one line of Arabic written at right angles to fibres in same direction as recto; broken off on all sides; one large horizontal hole in papyrus where fibres have got lose; no diacritical dots papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 3.3 (h) x 8.0 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD Cop. 13 5 134 NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: end of a word in Arabic written in black ink on brown papyrus at right angles to fibres; left (1.7 cm) margin preserved; no diacritical dots Verso: blank papyrus Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 2.3 (h) x 2.9 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD [Cop. 15 1; some Arabic words; end of a sentence on top left corner of verso; rest of verso is written in Coptic at a 90° turn compared to Arabic writing] Cop. 15 6 ACCOUNT Recto: 3 top lines on paper written in Arabic in black ink, while rest of recto is written in Coptic Fragment of an account with the end of Arabic words visible at the right hand margin and Greek letters used as numerals LETTER Verso: 4 lines of very faded ink on light brown paper at 90° to recto; bottom margin preserved; few small lacunae; some diacritical dots; horizontal line over sin Fragment of a letter in which the sender writes that he does not have something {add arabic} Paper Arabic/Coptic Provenance unknown Unpublished 14.3 (h) x 5.2 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Cop. 15 8 ACCOUNT Recto: 12 lines written in fine black writing on light brown paper; broken off on all sides; one large hole and several small holes in paper; no diacritical dots Fragment of the same account as verso[???] Right æ of paper is covered with Coptic writing Verso: 8 lines written in same hand but at 180° to recto; cut off on all sides; no diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures Fragment of an account using Greek letters as numbers paper Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 8.8 (h) x 4.7 (w) 4th AH/10th AD 135 Cop. 15 9 NON-LITERARY TEXT Verso: 1 line written in black ink on light brown paper; writing direction same as recto; top and right margins preserved; two horizontal and two vertical folding lines at 2.0 cm intervals; no diacritical dots; many unconventional ligatures Fragment of a text of which the basmala only has been preserved Paper Arabic/Coptic Provenance unknown Unpublished 6.2 (h) x 9.8 (w) 4th AH/ 10th AD Cop. 15 10 NON-LITERARY TEXT Recto: 1 line written in black ink on brown paper; right (2.4 cm) and bottom (2.2 cm) margins preserved; two small holes at top margin; no diacritical dots Fragment of a text containing the name Muhammad b. … Verso: blank paper Arabic provenance unknown unpublished 4.7 (h) x 5.3 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Cop. 16 1 LEGAL DOCUMENT Verso: 5 lines of black ink on brown paper; cut out of larger sheet to be used for a Coptic text on recto; writing direction at 180° to recto; very few diacritical dots; unconventional ligatures; left margin preserved End of a contract of rent referring to the payment that has to be made each month, ending with a validity formula and containing the beginning of the witness statements; shuhida ‘ala iqrar …bn; dated Ramadan 355 AH (August/September 966 AD) paper Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 6.7 (h) x 12.5 (w) 355 AH/ 966 AD Cop. 16 2 136 ACCOUNT Verso: 6 lines written in black ink on brown paper and two Coptic letters at top; written in same direction as recto; a few worm-eaten lacunae; bottom margin preserved; no diacritical dots; Fragment of an account using Greek letters as numbers {check this} and Arabic words separated by horizontal lines paper Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 15.0 (h) x 4.2 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Copt. 16 5 TAX LIST Verso: 8 lines written in black ink faded in some places on light brown paper at a 180° turn compared to recto; left and right margins preserved; several small lacunae Tax list (kharaj ) recording who paid how much and whether they paid for themselves (ada fulan ibn fulan ‘an nafsihi/ ‘an fulan ibn fulan ‘an al-kharaj ) followed by amounts paid written with Greek letters paper Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 11 (h) x 15.7 (w) 4th AH/10th AD Eg. 5 h NON LITERARY TEXT Recto: 4 lines written in black ink parallel to fibres; papyrus is mounted at a 180° turn to writing direction; left, right and bottom margins preserved; some small holes at bottom of papyrus due to fibres having disappeared; some diacritical dots Scribal exercises of same pious formulae (la jawa wa-la qauwa illa bi-llah = there is no power and no strength save in God; al-hamdu li-llah ‘ala qada’ihi = thanks to God for his provision); some of the writing is overlapping Verso: 3 lines written in the same hand, but at a 180° turn compared to recto Repetition of writing on recto papyrus provenance unknown unpublished Arabic 5.5 (h) x 7.5 (w) 3rd AH/ 9th AD Gk 10 17 137 ACCOUNT Recto: Coptic Verso: 2 lines in Arabic written in black ink on brown papyrus at 180° to recto; no diacritical dots; cut off on all sides Account with one heading “dinar” preserved papyrus Arabic/Coptic provenance unknown unpublished 3.3 (h) x 8.4 (w) 3rd AH/9th AD 138