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Felani wore her gold bridal jewelry as she crouched out of sight inside the squalid concrete building. The 15-year-old’s father, Nurul Islam, peeked cautiously out the window and scanned the steel and barbed wire fence that demarcates the border between India and Bangladesh. The fence was the last obstacle to Felani’s wedding, arranged for a week later in her family’s ancestral village just across the border in Bangladesh.
JOURNAL OF BANGLADESH STUDIES
Making Walls, Fencing Borders and Living on the Margin: Understanding the India-Bangladesh Border2019 •
Emergence of nation states in the nineteenth century naturalized borders and boundaries as both inclusionary and exclusionary measures. Territorial integrity was viewed as the most tangible expression of the sovereignty of a nation-state, thus confirming a state's monopolistic jurisdiction over a particular territorial unit. Since then a clearly defined and enforceable boundary has remained at the heart of the existence of the nation-state, the goal of which is to accentuate territorialist consciousness. In the past decades walls and fences have continued to be erected between nation states. Against this background, this paper examines broader questions such as: why do nation states feel the necessity to erect these walls and fences? How these walls and new modes of surveillance impact the lives of the people who live on the border regions? The paper examines these questions, specifically looking at the ongoing fencing of the India-Bangladesh border. The border fencing project of India had its origin in the violent protest and anti-Bengali pogrom in Assam in the 1980s, but the physical construction began in 1989. The project was initially opposed by Bangladesh, but in recent years Bangladesh government has embraced the idea. In this paper, the fencing is discussed within the broader question of border and how fencing has become the material and symbolic manifestations of state power. The examination of Indian official narrative of the Indian government shows that the issue has been securitized and blended with growing xenophobic discourse in Indian politics. The paper also explores the lived experience of those who lives in the border areas. For them borders become doubly exclusionary.
Journal of Borderlands Studies
The India–Bangladesh Border Fence: Narratives and Political Possibilities2014 •
India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs
Barbed Wire Border Fencing: Exclusion and Displacement at the Indo-Bangladesh Borderland2018 •
The Government of India decided to fence the entire India–Bangladesh border to prevent the illegal immigration from Bangladesh and to prevent the cross-border illegal and antisocial activities. Since the year 1986, the Government of India started the initiative to construct the border fencing in phase manner. The single wire border fencing which was created in the first phase has been replaced by the composite type of barbed wire border fencing a few years ago. Now the border fencing along the international border between India and Bangladesh has become a structural barrier for the Indian families living at the Country’s territorial edge. The families trapped in the geographical space between actual line of partition and the border fencing are living a restricted and deprived life within the limited land. This study is basically focused on the impact of the border fencing on the citizenship rights of the Indian fenced out families. This article will discuss how the defensive policie...
Journal of Borderlands Studies
'The India-Bangladesh Border Fence: Narratives and Political Possibilities', Journal of Borderlands Studies, vol. 29, 2014, pp. 81 - 94,2014 •
The fencing of the India–Bangladesh border mirrors Scott's understanding of " final enclosure " wherein " distance-demolishing technologies " and " modern conceptions of sovereignty " converge to demarcate firm boundaries of territory from previously ambiguous space (Scott, J. 2009. The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Southeast Asia, 11. New Haven: Yale University Press). This paper examines the different narratives surrounding the fence at the national level in India and in the borderland itself, focussing on the state of Meghalaya. These narratives reveal the ways the border fence is discussed and understood and the political positions taken on the fence in these different spaces. In examining these I present two key findings. The first is that the border fence is narrated and politicized differently at the national level and in the borderland. The second is that within the borderlands there is not a singular " borderland narrative " of the fence but several, reflecting dominant political positions already entrenched and new ways of articulating insecurity being brought by fence construction; though the former is more prominent than the latter.
International Journal of Arts & Sciences
BORDER FENCING IN INDIA: BETWEEN COLONIAL LEGACY AND CHANGING SECURITY CHALLENGES2016 •
India has 15106 km of land borders and a coastline of about 7516 km. Only 5 out of 29 Indian states have no international border or coastal line. Those long borders are shared with seven countries-China, Pakistan, Bhutan, Myanmar, Afghanistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Such extensive and porous borders that run through different kinds of terrains —mountains, hills, plains valleys, forests, desert, and swamps — sometimes are difficult to monitor, especially with different territorial disputes and security troubles still exist in large parts of Indian borders. Because of these artificially created boundaries that engendered many territorial disputes and left large areas porous for a variety of irregular and illegal cross-border activities, India has erected different types of barriers along its national borders. In addition to security aspects, border fencing has also political reasons closely related to the way in which these international borders were drawn. The paper discusses the complicated characteristics of India's borders with its neighboring countries, deals with the Indian strategy of fencing borders with some its neighbors and shows whether the fortification and militarization of the Indian borders by building fences and other security measures has succeeded or failed to achieve the designed goals.
The subject of the research is the border fence that is being built between India and Bangladesh as a solution to international migration that is declared to be a threat to India. The goal of the research is to characterize the situation on the border beyond the media headlines, such as “the wall of death”, “India has crossed the line” or “demographic aggression” against or “export of terrorism” from Pakistan. In order to achieve this major goal of interdisciplinary assessment of the border regime from both social and legal perspectives, the research went through several stages to fulfill the following tasks - analysis of the (a) political and legal aspects of the history of creation of the border; (b) history of demographic, economic and environmental development of the region of Bengal before and after it was split in 1947; (c) inventory of Indian domestic laws and law implementation process in the North-East region of India and (d) international laws, concerning immigration, refugees and human rights in South Asia and in the India-Bangladesh border region in particular. Comparative legal and historical analysis was applied as a main research method within the general interdisciplinary approach. The hypothesis of this study is that the border fence between India and Bangladesh, as well as similar international initiatives, is not protecting social and economic development of the region against the threat of illegal international migration. Current physical fence initiative between India and Bangladesh can not achieve the goal of peace and stability. Despite its “quick fix” allure in terms of establishing contorol and rule of law in the border region the fence is likely to further isolate regions with inhumane and corrupt regimes, magnify poverty, inequality and environmental degradation promoting the popularity of terrorist ideas due to mass ignorance and lack of alternatives. Key words: border fence, border security, demographic politics, international migration, social welfare, terrorism.
Borders in Globalization Review
A Cordon Sanitaire at the India-Bangladesh border2020 •
This commentary considers the effects of COVID-19 on the borderland communities of Meghalaya, a hill state in Northeast India. Efforts to fence this border have failed to deter informal exchanges with Bangladeshi neighbours, but the national COVID-19 lockdown looks set to shift locals into relations of dependency on and within the nation’s borders, rather than across them.
Open Access Publishing Group
INDIA-BANGLADESH BORDER: AN ANALYSIS OF SECURITY ISSUES2021 •
In 1947, the international border between Pakistan and India was created by the partitioning of the subcontinent. The newly created Pakistan consisted of two land blocks, one to the west and the other to the east. The Bengal province was divided between East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and India what resulted in a poorly defined border between the two nations. The dispute over the ownership of many villages near the border was started as both countries claimed their sovereignty over them. There were 190 disputed enclaves to the India Bangladesh Border (IBB) what worsened the dispute of the border demarcation. In 1971, East Pakistan got independence as a new state named Bangladesh through a 9-month long liberation war and India joined this war physically against Pakistan. The "honeymoon period" of bilateral relations between newly created Bangladesh and India did not continue for long. There are many common issues between the two neighbors that disturbed the bilateral relations such as border killing and other security issues related to the border, and the sharing of 54 common river's water. Odhikar, Bangladesh-based human rights organization, reported that from 2000 to 2010, India's Border Security Force (BSF) killed at least 924 Bangladeshi nationals. MASUM, a Non-governmental Organization (NGO) has mentioned many cases only in West Bengal, a state of India. This paper tries to analyze why the IBB is violent and concludes with a recommendation that how to ensure border security. Data has been used for this study from both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources including newspapers, periodicals, and official statistics of Indian and Bangladesh governments as well as NGOs both national and international are studied. In terms of secondary sources, this paper examines academic books and book chapters, publications in scientific journals, and articles published on the topic. This paper preferred realism to explain the nature of the security issues of the IBB. The main argument of this paper is the IBB is the bloodiest in the world. To improve border security conditions the study suggests that India should act like a neighbor, not a big brother, and work with Bangladesh together.
I critically review the literature on the Bangladesh-India borderlands to raise a couple of questions: What are the major themes and issues on the Bangladesh-India border? What are the research prospects on the border issues between the two states? Bangladesh and India share a common border of 4096 km, with a range of cross-border issues determining their bilateral relationship and cooperation. Several border issues have not only clouded these relations but have also led to the exchange of fire between the two countries' border security forces over disputed territory. This contribution broadly reviews Bangladesh-India cross-border issues and specifically calls attention to Bangladesh-India cross-border relations in the realm of comparative border research, which will expand our socio-political, economic, geographic and cultural understandings of bordering practices and border policies.
Antifašizam sub speciae moći i konverzije
Antifasizam sub speciae moći i konverzije2023 •
Правно мнение по конституционно дело № 13 от 2023 г. / Legal Opinion on Constitutional Case No. 13 of 2023
Правно мнение на доц. д-р Борислав Цеков по конституционно дело № 13 от 2023 г. / Legal Opinion on Constitutional Case No. 13 of 2023 by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Borislav Tsekovhttps://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/337356
The language of the urban domestic architecture as an expression of identity in the Roman world2022 •
Journal of Epigraphic Studies
Prag, J.R.W. 2018. A new bronze honorific inscription from Halaesa, Sicily, in two copies. Journal of Epigraphic Studies 1: 93-1412018 •
Études et Travaux
Études et Travaux vol. XXXV (2022) - table of contents2019 •
Texto & Contexto Enfermagem
Quando o tempo narrativo ultrapassa o tempo da clínica: um modo de cuidar em enfermagem no período pós-natal2005 •
Biomass conversion and biorefinery
Penicillium oxalicum-mediated the green synthesis of silica nanoparticles: characterization and environmental applications2024 •
Annals of Nuclear Energy
Reassessing methods to close the nuclear fuel cycle2020 •
Environmental Quality Management
Guidelines for joint state/federal civil environmental enforcement litigation2003 •
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development
Structural and Optical Properties of Aluminum Doped Cadmium Oxide (CdO:Al) Thin Film Prepared by Sol-Gel Spin-Coating Method2024 •
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Biosensors and Bioelectronics
Enhanced nucleic acid amplification with blood in situ by wire-guided droplet manipulation (WDM)2014 •