JPJO 5 (2) (2020) 233-244
Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga
Available online at:
https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/penjas/article/view/26743
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jpjo.v5i2.26743
Olympism and Positive Youth Development (PYD): A New Goal in Extension
Development Youth Sports for Basketball in Indonesia
Alen Rismayadi*, Herman Subarjah, Yunyun Yudiana, Agus Rusdiana
Prodi Pendidikan Olahraga, Sekolah Pasca Sarjana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
Article Info
Abstract
Article History :
Received June 2020
Revised June 2020
Accepted August 2020
Available online September 2020
The basic principle of Olympism aims to make sport a harmonious human development tool to create a peaceful society and care for the respect of human dignity. The
results of this study will reveal how the basic principles of Olympism are applied as an
approach in basketball coaching in the context of the positive development of youth.
The research method used is descriptive about Olympism values in the context of a
positive development of young man, as well as the historical journey of basketball development including the competition system which has been running before through
document review and semi-structured interviews. The responses of parents, builders,
and coaches regarding the new approach in the basketball coaching system are explored and discussed deeply.
Keywords :
olympism, positive youth development,
basketball
Correspondence Address : Jln. Dr. Setiabudhi 229, Bandung, Indonesia
E-mail
: rismayadialen@upi.edu
http://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/penjas/index
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INTRODUCTION
There are growing concerns about the future of
adolescents today. Concern based on increasing adolescent problem behaviour (mischief, drug use), coupled
with changing social forces (both working parents, increased youth without supervision at home), (FraserThomas, J. L., Côté, J., & Deakin, J., 2005). Over the
past two decades, researchers and practitioners have
taken a ' deficit reduction 'for young people's behaviour
problems, (Benson, P. L., 2006). Olympism is a philosophy of life, elevating and combining in a balanced way
the qualities of body, will, and mind. Integrating sport
with culture and education, Olympism seeks to create a
way of life-based on excitement, educational values,
good examples, social responsibility and respect for
universal fundamental ethical principles, (IOC, 2019).
In connexion with the above explanation, we must think
of ways for youth to develop themselves optimally. Optimal development in youth enables individuals to live
healthy, satisfying, and productive lives as young people, and then as adults because they gain competence to
earn a living, to engage in activities, to interact with
others, and to participate in social relations and cultural
activities, (Hamilton, S. F., Hamilton, M. A., &
Pittman, K., 2004). Four main areas of youth development: physical, intellectual, psychological/emotional,
and social. For each area of development, several things
are suggested that are appropriate and facilitate positive
youth development, (Fraser-Thomas, J. L., Côté, J., &
Deakin, J., 2005).
Basketball is a collective sport that is very popular
in Serbia and around the world because of its attractiveness and dynamism (Marinković, D., & Pavlović, S,
2013). Kamble, P., Daulatabad, V., & Baji, P. S. (2012)
explains that basketball is one of the most popular big
ball games in the world, in which many things happen
every second. More than 70 million people play basketball and more than 210 countries are FIBA members.
The performance of Indian athletes in various national
and international competitions is very poor and this is
of great concern especially to coaches, sports scientists,
doctors and researchers. We have done everything we
can to raise the athlete's standard for achievement, but
little success has been achieved. Each player's performance will depend on his physical fitness.
Basketball is a dynamic team sport and is divided
into four rounds of play with high intensity, requiring
rapid changes of direction, and requiring specific technical skills and good physical abilities (Stojanović, E.,
Stojiljković, N., Scanlan, A. T., Dalbo, V. J.,
Berkelmans, D. M., & Milanović, Z., 2018; Ziv, G., &
Lidor, R., 2010; Ferioli, D., Rampinini, E., Bosio, A.,
La Torre, A., Azzolini, M., & Coutts, A. J., 2018). Basketball is a team sport game that demands cooperation
from every player on the field in accordance with the
duties and roles of each position according to the game
tactics used (Trninić, S., 2006; Bhadu, A. P., & Singh,
P., 2016). Basketball is a very popular sport in the
world and has grown quite significantly, so the number
of young people involved in the sport has increased significantly. Due to the large number of young people
involved in basketball, forming a strong team requires
player selection (Anastasiadis, 2006; Apostolidis, N., &
Zacharakis, E., 2015).
Basketball has the highest youth sports participation rate and is perfect for offering young athletes the
opportunity to get these benefits, (DiFiori, J. P.,
Güllich, A., Brenner, J. S., Côté, J., Hainline, B., Ryan,
E., & Malina, R. M., 2018). Youth participation in
sports such as basketball offers many potential benefits
for children and adolescents. Youth participation in
sports and providing a way to develop peer relationships, self-esteem, and leadership qualities, (FraserThomas, J. L., Côté, J., & Deakin, J., 2005). It can even
lay the foundation for an active and healthy adult lifestyle, (Dobosz, R. P., & Beaty, L. A., 1999; Vella, S.
A., Cliff, D. P., Magee, C. A., & Okely, A. D., 2014;
McCabe, K. O., Modecki, K. L., & Barber, B. L.,
2016).
Based on the above explanation, it will be elaborated on the development of basketball in Indonesia, the
model of basketball competition in Indonesia, the
Olympism values in Indonesian Basketball, Positive
Young Development and Basketball in Indonesia.
METHODS
The population and sample in this study were parents whose children were involved in school basketball
activities or basketball clubs and basketball coaches.
The number of samples in this study were 15 parents
and 15 basketball coaches in the city of Bandung. The
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city of Bandung is used as a place of research because
the city of Bandung is one of the cities in West Java
which produces many national players.
the abilities of the Residency teams consisting of Chinese players were far higher than those of native players..
This research will describe the development of
basketball in Indonesia from 1920 - 1954, the model of
basketball games in Indonesia from 1982 to 2019,
Olympic values in Indonesian basketball, positive youth
development and basketball in Indonesia. The research
method used is descriptive method, with data retrieval
using questionnaire techniques, interviews, and document review. The data analysis used the percentage
technique from the perceptions of parents and trainers
and the presentation of documents found by the researcher.
In 1951 during the 2nd PON performance, basketball was played for men and women. The team sent no
longer represented the Residency but already represented the Province. Teams from East Java, DKI Jakarta,
West Java, and North Sumatra are the leading forces on
the PON stage.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Basketball Development in Indonesia
Basketball entered Indonesia in the 1920s, brought
by Chinese nomads. Then, they formed their community, including establishing a Chinese school. So, basketball is developing fast in Indonesian Chinese schools.
Chinese schools make basketball one of the compulsory
sports that must be followed by every student so that in
every school there is always a basketball court and basketball players whose performance stands out from the
Chinese.
Basketball clubs began to form in Indonesia in the
1930s in Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Semarang, Yogyakarta, and Medan; became central to the establishment of basketball associations in Indonesia. For example in Semarang the association of Chinese English
School, Tionghwa Hwee, Fe Leon Ti Yu Hui, and
Pheng Yu Hui who joined in Sahabat Semarang with
their legend of Sony Hendrawan (Liem Tjien Sion).
After the Independence Proclamation on August 17,
1945, basketball began to be widely known in cities
which became the basis of struggles such as Yogyakarta
and Solo. At the 1st PON (National Sports Week)
(1948) in Solo, basketball was played for the first time
at the national level. The 1st PON participants are still
limited to the strongest man of each 'Residency', and
also associations with native players such as PORI Solo, PORI Yogyakarta, and Sarangan Sports Academy.
However, it must be admitted that for game techniques,
In 1951, Maladi, a national sports figure, asked
Tonny Wen and Wim Latumeten to form a basketball
organisation in Indonesia. Maladi's position at that time
was the secretary of the Indonesian Olympic Committee (KOI). On the initiative of these two figures, on October 23, 1951, an organisation was formed under the
name "All Indonesia Basketball Association". In 1955,
the name was perfected according to Indonesian rules.
The name is "Indonesian Basketball Association" abbreviated as Perbasi. The first Perbasi executive is Tonny Wen as chairman and Wim Latumeten as secretary.
Do not want to join with the formation of Perbasi,
is the development of Indonesian basketball increasing
rapidly? Apparently no. The first challenge came from
Chinese associations who were not willing to join because they already had their associations. To solve this
problem, in 1955 Perbasi held a Basketball Conference
in Bandung. The conference was attended by delegates
from Yogyakarta, Semarang, Jakarta, and Bandung.
The most important decision of this conference is that
Perbasi is the only basketball main organisation in Indonesia. The terms for Chinese basketball clubs are no
longer recognised. This conference is also preparing for
the holding of the 1st Perbasi Congress. Perbasi was
accepted as a member of FIBA in 1953. A year later, in
1954, Indonesia for the first time sent a basketball team
to the Manila Asian Games.
Model of Basketball Competition in Indonesia
Professional Competition
After being accepted by the international basketball federation, Perbasi established a basketball competition in Indonesia in 1982 named KOBATAMA (Main
Basketball Competition) which is the first national-level
amateur basketball competition in Indonesia for men's
groups. While the women's group basketball competi-
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tion was named KOBANITA (Women's Basketball
Competition). KOBATAMA rolled for 28 years before
finally being frozen in 2010 after difficulties in finding
sponsors. In 2008, KOBATAMA was no longer held,
while in 2009 the tournament lasted only 1 week.
Some of the teams in the KOBATAMA competition were able to promote a professional basketball
competition called the Indonesian Basketball League
(IBL) which was established in 2003 and was participated in by 10 teams. As for the Women's Basket Ball
competition, it was halted. Unfortunately, at the end of
the 2009 season, the IBL performance threatened to
disband after repeatedly changing promoters.
en's Ballet Competition in the name Woman Basketball
League (WNBL).
In 2016, the National Basketball League (NBL)
changed its name again to the Indonesian Basketball
League (IBL) and for the women's basketball competition, the championship name was Srikandi Cup. Until
this article was written, the Indonesian Basketball
League (IBL) competition and the Srikandi Cup were
ongoing.
College Competition
The college basketball competition in Indonesia
has been running since the era of the 1990s, the name of
Table 1. Indonesia Basketball League Champions 2003 – 2009
Year
Champions
Finals Result
Runners-up
Reference
2003
Aspac Jakarta
2-0 (best-of-3)
Satria Muda BritAma
[5]
2004
Satria Muda BritAma
2-0 (best-of-3)
Aspac Jakarta
[6]
2005
Aspac Jakarta
2-0 (best-of-3)
Satria Muda BritAma
[7]
2006
Satria Muda BritAma
2-0 (best-of-3)
Aspac Jakarta
[8]
2007
Satria Muda BritAma
3–2 (best-of-5)
Aspac Jakarta
[9]
2008
Satria Muda BritAma
3–1 (best-of-5)
Garuda Bandung
[10]
2009
Satria Muda BritAma
3–1 (best-of-5)
Aspac Jakarta
[11]
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_Basketball_League
Table 2. National Basketball League Champions
Year
Champions
Final Score (Single Game)
Runners-up
Reference
2010-11
Satria Muda BritAma
67-50
CLS Knights
[12]
2011-12
Satria Muda BritAma
59-42
Aspac Jakarta
[13]
2012-13
Aspac Jakarta
63-50
Pelita Jaya Jakarta
2013-14
Aspac Jakarta
83-67
Satria Muda BritAma
2014-15
Satria Muda BritAma
62-54
Pelita Jaya Jakarta
Table 3. Indonesia Basketball League Champions 2016 – 2019
Year
Champions
Finals Result
Runners-up
Finals MVP
2016
CLS Knights Surabaya
2-1 (best-of-3)
Pelita Jaya Energi Mega
Persada
Jamarr
Johnson
2017
Pelita Jaya
2-1 (best-of-3)
Satria Muda Pertamina
Jakarta
Martavious
Irving
2018
Satria Muda Pertamina
Jakarta
2-1 (best-of-3)
Pelita Jaya Energi Mega
Persada
Jamarr
Johnson
2019
Stapac Jakarta
2-0 (best-of-3)
Satria Muda Pertamina
Jakarta
Savon
Goodman
Until finally in 2010, IBL changed its name to the
National Basketball League (NBL). As for the Wom-
competition is the Student Basketball League
(LIBAMA) organised by PERBASI. Because the State
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of Indonesia is an archipelago consisting of 34 provinces, the tiered competition system starts at the provincial
level. The provincial basketball competition was named
Liba Student Basketball (LIBAMA) followed by the
province, for example, LIBAMA West Java. Then in
each province, two teams were promoted to the national
level. The name of the national level student competition is the National Basket League (LIBAMANAS).
The student basketball league (LIBAMA) lasted
until 2011, then the name of the competition was
changed to the Basketball Student League (LIMA),
which was organised by the Event Organiser and was
established on May 15, 2012. LIMA has the intention
and objective to create a container that is capable of
being a place work for students and students in Indonesia in the sports field. The Student League or LIMA is
an independent organisation that stands on three main
pillars, namely Athletics, Education, and Social Responsibility.
Athleticism is the first pillar of LIMA which is an
illustration of one of the goals of LIMA as an organisation, which is to make the best contribution in the sports
field. Athleticism is translated into every sport held by
LIMA and through these sports the participants are motivated to learn to uphold sportsmanship values, such as
recognising the excellence of others, being honest, disciplined, and mentally strong. Education is the second
pillar of LIMA which refers to the concept of studentathlete which is believed to be LIMA. This concept
means students are encouraged to be not only physically strong but also academically smart. This is implemented in the standard LIMA rules, every league participant must have at least a 2.00 cumulative achievement index (GPA) to be able to participate. This regulation is expected to be able to motivate for LIMA participants to maintain their academic values and teach them
to be able to balance sports life without leaving their
education. Being strong and smart is incomplete without Social Responsibility which is the third foundation
of LIMA. This social care is applied by requiring LIMA
participants to take part in social action for a minimum
of six hours as a requirement to become LIMA participants. This social action is expected to be able to foster
empathy and sympathy amongst the participants towards their environment. Make them more concerned
about what is happening around them, (https://
id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_Mahasiswa).
The Student League is not only focussed on the
success of the competition but also pays attention to
aspects of sports development at the college level. One
form of concern for the Student League is to carry out a
programme of activities that involve the active role of
students as supporters of these activities so that it will
raise awareness and pride in the alma mater of higher
education competing in the Student League. Vision: To
become one of the biggest student leagues
(communities/associations) in the sports field all over
Indonesia by always carrying out the educational and
social concepts in each of its activities. Mission: 1.
Contribute to sports through a series of sports competitions by holding quality annual sports events. 2. Conducting activities for the development of Indonesian
sports by holding regular socialisation about sports to
universities all over Indonesia and other LIMA stakeholders. 3. Actualising social care through a series of
activities involving young people, especially college
students.
The Student League intends to be a "bridge" between education and sports, by introducing the concept
of sports competitions involving student-athletes in Indonesia. The Student League has five sports competitions, namely basketball, badminton, futsal, swimming,
and golf. The names of the Student League (LIMA)
conferences are Prim-A Mineral Water Greater Jakarta
Conference, Blibli.com West Java Conference, McDonalds East Java Conference, Kaskus Central Java-DIY
Conference, and Nusantara Conference. The 1st Season
of LIMA basketball was participated by 44 men's teams
and 37 women's teams from 45 universities all over
Indonesia. The success of the 1st season of LIMA basketball made a significant increase in the number of
participants in the 2nd season. The 2nd season of the
LIMA Basketball event featured 101 teams from 56
universities, consisting of 56 men's teams and 45 women's
teams,
(https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Liga_Mahasiswa). The Basketball Student League
(LIMA) West Conference will be held in August 2020.
Student Competition
In Indonesia, there are student competitions that
are held officially by the government (a separate discussion), some are held by the private sector. But, of the
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many competitions between students, there is only one
competition that has been nationwide, namely Deteksi
Basketball League organised by PT. DBL Indonesia.
The following is a glimpse of the competition.
DBL was started in Surabaya in 2004. This league
was intended as a simple high school league but organised in the right way. No professional or semipro players, no sponsors of cigaretes, alcohol and energy drinks.
Players must be student-athlete. Their performance in
the classroom is as important - or even more important than their performance on the basketball court.
A total of 96 teams joined this first season, from
various cities in East Java Province. Since the inaugural
match, many people have realised that something special is happening. DBL's first match was very tight and
emotional. The women's team of SMAN 20 Surabaya
defeated SMA Santo Stanislaus 2 Surabaya. Sad and
happy tears were seen around the field, watched by
around 1,000 spectators. That year, the number of spectators was extraordinary for a high school level basketball competition.
Since then, more enthusiasts have come to watch.
In the final round, more than 5,000 people came to
watch (the record for most basketball spectators in East
Java at that time), and they are entertained by emotional
and dramatic matches. SMAN 2 Surabaya won the
men's championship, after forcing extra time through
desperate shots from outside the three-figure line.
The success of DBL's first season helped the
league grow significantly. The more teams that join, the
more viewers watch. Because so many teams want to
appear, DBL runs out of capacity to accept everything.
Therefore, new participants must appear first in the
qualifying round, eliminating each other towards the
main round (the record for the largest basketball audience in East Java at that time), and they are entertained
by emotional and dramatic matches. SMAN 2 Surabaya
won the men's championship, after forcing extra time
through desperate shots from outside the three-figure
line.
Year to year, the implementation standards also
continue to increase. New rules were introduced to
make game presentations even better. The team and the
audience continue to be forced to follow increasingly
strict rules.
In 2007, DBL matches were held as best or as possible better than professional and international matches.
More than 55 thousand viewers watched DBL in 2007,
almost four times more than in 2004. A total of 220
teams competed in 2007, more than twice the participants in 2004.
This 2007 success signalled that the time had
come for DBL to developing their wings. Since 2008,
this basketball league is professionally managed. Jawa
Pos established its subsidiary to manage the basketball
league, PT Deteksi Basket Lintas Indonesia or better
known as PT DBL Indonesia.
Since 2018, DBL Indonesia has become an independent company that is no longer under the Java Pos.
Until now, Azrul Ananda is still listed as the founder
and CEO of PT DBL Indonesia. DBL established itself
as the largest basketball league in Indonesia in 2008. In
that year, DBL started a new point to be handled more
professionally with the establishment of PT. Deteksi
Basket Lintas (DBL) Indonesia. The name Deteksi Basketball League also evolved into Developmental Basketball League. The league's scope was extended to ten
other cities in ten provinces.
To meet the demands of the number of participants, in East Java DBL was divided into two regions:
North Region in Surabaya, South Region in Malang.
The other nine new cities are spread over nine provinces, on five islands in Indonesia.
As in Surabaya, DBL received a warm reception in
other provinces. DBL can break the record of participants and spectators. For example, in the cultural city of
Jogjakarta, more than 16,500 people watched DBL in
just six days. Figures that have never before been
achieved for a basketball event.
Along with the regional expansion, DBL also
made history through two international collaborations.
The first is a long-term collaboration with the most
prestigious basketball league in the world: the NBA.
Every year, the NBA will send its players and coaches
to help the development of DBL's top players and
coaches. The first official NBA event in Indonesia was
held in Surabaya, August 23-24, 2008. The star was
Danny Granger, Indiana Pacers' top scorer. The second
international collaboration is with the Australian government. In October 2008, DBL sent its first All-Star
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Table 4. Composition of the Men’s All-Star 2009 DBL Team player
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Name
Arif Hidayat
Raymon Cuwondo
Hendry Satria Santosa
Indra Wijaya
Alvin
Nabil Zakariah
Randika Aprilian
Kevin Pratama
Eki Rakity
Leonardo Ozzie
Okky Arista
Herdanu Yudistira
Place, Date of Birth
Jember, 13-10-1991
Singkawang, 14-9-1992
Denpasar, 3-11-1993
Jakarta, 8-1-1992
Bandung, 15-3-1992
Surabaya, 5-1-1992
Bandung, 21-4-1992
Bandung, 11-4-1992
Pontianak, 28-12-1992
Jogjakarta, 30-7-1993
Batang, 12-10-1991
Balikpapan, 6-7-1993
School Origin
SMAN 2 Jember
SMA Santo Paulus Pontianak
SMAN 1 Denpasar
SMA Santa Maria Surabaya
SMA Trinitas Bandung
SMA Ta’miriayah Surabaya
SMAN 9 Bandung
SMA Trinitas Bandung
SMA Santu Petrus Pontianak
SMA Kolese de Brito Jogja
SMA Theresiana Semarang
SMKN 1 Balikpapan
Source: http://coachsuryo.blogspot.com/2009/10/all-star-dbl-2009.html
Table 5. Women's All-Star 2009 DBL team player composition
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Name
Maria J R Kezia
Marisya Rizkia
Laura Salvadora
Cynthia Dewiriani
Yohana M Momot
Amelia Herawati
Diana Puspaningtyas
Veti Vera
Ayu Lestari
Isara Nur Latifah
Novi Apriyani
Hervita Mandariani
Place, Date of Birth
Jakarta, 29-10-1992
Bandung, 10-3-1992
Jakarta, 16-10-1992
Malang, 25-9-1993
Sorong, 1-7-1991
Semarang, 19-6-1992
Bandung, 26-1-1993
Slemen, 1-7-1992
Banjarmasin, 30-8-1991
Bandung, 31-1-1992
Palembang, 13-11-1992
Surabaya, 19-10-1992
School Origin
SMAN 1 Denpasar
SMAN 1 Bandung
SMA Satya Wacana Salatiga
SMA Kolese Santo Yusuf
SMA Teruna Bakti Jayapura
SMA Karangturi Semarang
SMAN 1 Bandung
SMA Stella Duce Jogjakarta
SMAN 7 Banjarmasin
SMAN 9 Bandung
SMAN Banyuasin III
SMAN 8 Surabaya
Source: http://coachsuryo.blogspot.com/2009/10/all-star-dbl-2009.html
Table 6. Composition of the DBL Indosensi All-Star 2009 Coach Team
No
1
2
3
4
5
Name
Hanindito
Nurfian Samsi
Alen Rismayadi
Wahyu Budi
Njoo Soen Eng
Place, Date of Birth
Jember, 18-6-1972
Bogor, 24-11-1978
Tasikmalaya, 28-12-1976
Probolinggo, 16-4-1983
Surabaya, 23-3-1980
School Origin
SMA Budi Mulia Jogjakarta
SMAN 7 Bogor
SMAN 1 Bandung
SMA Petra 1 Surabaya
SMA Frateran Surabaya
teams (men and women) to Perth, to study and compete
with young teams selected by Western Australia. As a
refinement, in 2008 DBL also opened its new basketball building, DBL Arena. The building was built in
only seven months. One of the best buildings in Indonesia has a capacity of 5,000 spectators, (https://
id.wikipedia.org/Delopmental_Basketball_League).
In this DBL student competition, the writer was a
DBL All-Star trainer from West Java in 2009 and was
dispatched to Australia with four other trainers. The
following are DBL All Stars 2009. On the 17th of October, the 18th team from the DBA (Darwin Basketball
Association) will compete against the DBL Indonesia
All-Star team at the DBL Arena Surabaya. After that,
the DBL Indonesia All-Star team flew to Australia. On
24 October, they will compete against the Western Australia youth team in the City of Perth. The following is
the composition of the DBL Indonesia All-Star team
players.
Age Group Competition
Indonesia currently consists of 34 provinces de
facto, five of them have different statuses (Aceh, Special Region of Yogyakarta, West Papua, Papua, and
DKI Jakarta). Provinces are divided into 416 districts
and 98 cities or 7,024 districts at the sub-district level,
(Badan Pusat Statistik, 2015). or 81,626 regions at the
village level, (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2015).
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Because Indonesia consists of an island nation, the
competition system is adapted to these conditions. The
competition starts from the District/City level which
has members of the clubs in their area. The name of the
district-level competition in the Age Group club competition. Whereas the Provincial level competition was
named the Regional Championship (Kejurda) of the
Age Group, the participants of which were District/City
representatives. Then, for the national level, the Age
Group National Championship (Kejurnas) is held. Participants are representatives of the provinces in Indonesia. This type of competition is the age group competition of 12 years, 14 years, 16 years, and 18 years.
Basketball Competition Held at Multievent
In addition to the above competitions, namely professional competitions, Higher Education competitions,
and Age Group competitions. There is also a basketball
competition that is held as a sport at multi-events.
Student
At the provincial level, the competition is called
the Regional Student Sports Week (POPWILDA),
namely the competition at the regional level in the
province. For example in West Java Region consists of
four regions, namely Region I consists of (Bogor District, Bogor City, Depok City, Cianjur District, Sukabumi District, West Bandung District, and Sukabumi
City), Region II consists of (Bekasi City, Bekasi District, Purwakarta District, Karawang District, Cimahi
City, and Subang District), Region III consists of
(Indramayu District, Cirebon City, Cirebon District,
Majalengka District, Sumedang District, Kuningan District, and Pangandaran District), Region IV consists of
(Banjar City, Ciamis District, Tasikmalaya District,
Tasikmalaya City, Garut District, Bandung District, and
Bandung City). In the implementation of the POPWILDA finalists, each region will qualify to represent
their region to compete at the Regional Sports Week
(POPWILDA).
For the national level, the competition is called the
Students
National
Region
Sports
Week
(POPWILNAS), the division of which is Region I consisting of Sumatra, Region II consists of Java, Bali, Kalimantan, and Region III of the Eastern Indonesian islands, namely Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku Papua. Finalists from each region will qualify to represent
their respective regions to compete at the Students National Sports Week (POPNAS). Organisers and student
participants all involve the education department, both
district/ city, provincial and national levels.
General
For the provincial level, the competition is called
the Regional Sports Week (PORDA). The concept of
competition is the same as the level of students starting
with the regional allowance. For example in West Java,
the preliminary concept is called the PORDA qualification round which is divided into five regions, namely
Region I consists of (Bogor District, Bogor City, Depok
City, Sukabumi District, Sukabumi City, dan Cianjur
District), Region II consists of (Bekasi City, Bekasi
District, Subang District, Purwakarta District, and
Karawang District), Region III consists of (Indramayu
District, Cirebon City, Cirebon District, Majalengka
District, and Kuningan District), Region IV consists of
(Pangandaran District, Banjar City, Ciamis District,
Tasikmalaya City, Tasikmalaya District, and Garut District), Region V consists of (Bandung District, Bandung
City, West Bandung District, Cimahi City, and
Sumedang District). Then each finalist from each region will represent their region at the Regional Sports
Week (PORDA).
At the national level, the competition is called the
National Sports Week (PON). The preliminary concept
is called the PON qualification round which is divided
into three regions, namely Region I consists of Sumatra
island, Region II consists of Java, Bali, Kalimantan, and
Region III Eastern Indonesia islands namely Sulawesi,
Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, and Papua. Finalists from each
region will qualify to represent their respective regions
to compete at the National Sports Week (PON). Organisers and participants at the District/City and Provincial
levels involve the sports department and the Indonesia
National Sports Committee of District/City and province, while at the national level it involves the sports
ministry and KONI Centre.
Olympism Values in Indonesian Basketball
The Olympic Movement has developed into something bigger than sport, as Baron Pierre de Coubertin
meant from the start. It has attempted, with varying degrees of success, to promote concepts such as
'international understanding', 'brotherhood', and
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'tranquillity'. Moral values, often called 'Olympics', distinguish the Olympics from all other major sporting
events, (Crowther, N, 2004). Paradoxically, over the
last century, the Olympics have evolved in different
directions, such that the Olympics that exist today are in
some ways the opposite of the Olympic ideals they
should represent, (K. B. Wamsley, 2004). In all basketball competitions in Indonesia, every time they start the
final match, it is always the song of Indonesia Raya,
this is to implement one of the Olympic values about
nationalism, in addition to that at the beginning and at
the end of the match, all personnel (athletes, referees,
coaches, and officials) to shake hands, this to instil the
value of brotherhood following the mandate of the
Olympics. Any individual who has never participated in
a competition that is open to all entrants; or compete for
cash prises; or gifts of money regardless of source, especially from acceptance into the field - or with professionals - and who have never, at any time in his life, a
teacher or instructor paid in physical training,
(Coubertin, P. D, 2000). This is the definition of amateur athlete that Coubertin presented at the Paris Congress in 1894, where he adopted the English amateur
elitism code for the Olympics, and excluded 'athletes
who do all kinds of manual work, regardless of whether
the work was done or not related sports, (Guttmann, A,
2002). The participation of children and adolescents in
all competitions in Indonesia is an amateur athlete because all the activities they carry out whether defending
the school or the region do not get a steady income as
stated by Coubertin. Even in the competition between
students of Deteksi Basketball League (DBL), there is
one competition rule that prohibits teenage athletes who
have been paid for participating in the competition.
There is only one competition involving athletes
becoming professionals in Indonesia, namely the Indonesia Basketball League which is a professional basketball competition in Indonesia.
Positive Young Development and Basketball in Indonesia
An understanding of optimal youth development
has emerged amongst researchers. Optimal development in youth enables individuals to live healthy, satisfying, and productive lives as young people, and then as
adults, because they gain the competence to earn a living, engage in daily activities, interact with others, and
to participate in social relations and cultural activities,
(Hamilton, S. F., Hamilton, M. A., & Pittman, K,
2004). It is recommended that through optimal development, good youth will emerge. Good youth are those
who experience more positive influences than negative
ones, must be satisfied with their lives as they have
lived, to recognise what they are doing well and use
their strengths to achieve their goals, and to become
members of the community that contribute, (Peterson,
C, 2004).
Positive youth development (PYD) refers to a
broad approach that aims to build the competencies,
skills, and abilities of youth that they need to grow and
develop throughout life. PYD is a philosophy and approach for youth development. As a philosophy, PYD
views youth as a valuable asset that must be nurtured
and developed. The approach that flows from this philosophy works to build mutually beneficial relationships between youth and their families, peer groups,
schools, workplaces, communities, other government
institutions, communities, and culture to provide opportunities for young people to increase their knowledge,
interests, skills, and abilities, (Examples of Positive
Youth Development Program).⁸
Basketball has the highest youth sports participation rate and is perfect for offering young athletes the
opportunity to get these benefits, (Ferioli, D., Rampinini, E., Bosio, A., La Torre, A., Azzolini, M., & Coutts,
A. J, 2018). Youth participation in organized basketball
has been linked to behavioural and development indicators related to adolescent's physical, social, psychological, and achievement. Groups organising basketball
activities in Indonesia are organised in schools for every level, from elementary, junior high school, senior
high school, and university. In addition, basketball activities in Indonesia are gathered at basketball clubs in
every city in every province, and some are members of
basketball academies. A concrete example in Bandung
city, West Java. Almost all schools of each level have
basketball extracurricular activities, and 32 basketball
clubs are members of the Bandung City PERBASI
Pengcab, all of whom foster children and adolescents
from the age of 10 years and under, 12 years, 14 years,
16 years, and 18 years.
In the rules of the basketball game, the planting of
positive values is highly valued, for example, listed in
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Alen Rismayadi, et.al/ Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga 5 (2) (2020)
nies. In fact, writers are often visited by private companies, banks, and state-owned companies (BUMN), they
ask employees to be employed in their companies. This
happens because, in Indonesia, there are many basketball matches between private companies, banks, and
between state-owned companies (BUMN). The author
also conducted interviews with coaches in schools and
clubs. They have all instilled the values of Olympism
and positive young development in the training process.
article 37 regarding technical foul article 1 point 1
namely; The proper behaviour of the match requires full
and loyal co-operation from the players, head coaches,
assistant coaches, substitute players, players who have
not played and delegation members who accompany the
referees, desk staff and commissioners if present,
(PERBASI, 2018). Judging from article 37.1.1, it is
clear that basketball is very concerned about the behaviour of its players, not even just the players, but includes the coach, coach assistant, and all the officials
involved in the team. Social control refers to how a
group or society encourages adherence to norms. In the
context of sports, the rules represent the norm, and officials are the rule enforcers and the administrator of the
penalties in case of violations of certain rules. In sports
such as basketball, ice and field hockey, football and
lacrosse, which contain quick action and body contact,
penalties are placed on the ability of officials to enforce
rules in a way that maintains (social) game control,
(Snyder, E. E., & Purdy, D. A, 1987).
One of the concerns of the government about the
appreciation for those involved in sports activities, especially in basketball, the Indonesian government is
very concerned about the fate of education for those
involved in sports activities. For example, in Bandung
city, through Perwal 013 in 2019 on the Acceptance of
the New Students Participation (PPDB), the second part
of article 8 namely; The City Government implements
PPDB registration through a. zoning; b. achievement;
and c. transfer of duties of parents/guardians, (Peraturan
Wali Kota Bandung Nomor 013, 2019). In Perwal 013
in 2019 it was clearly set that potential children could
be accepted or continue their education to a higher level, namely elementary school to junior high school or
junior high school to high school with an achievement
track. Even especially in West Java, Indonesia, this basketball achievement track applies also to the admission
of new students, there are even some private universities that can provide full scholarships (free of cost of
education, given a place to live in the mess, even given
meal allowance) to those who have basketball expertise.
Coach and Parents' Perceptions about the Purpose
of Basketball Coaching in Indonesia
Based on research in the field, in this case, the researchers used data collection techniques through interviews with 15 athletes' parents and 15 coaches. Data
obtained from the interviews and concluded as follows:
S
R
TS
Positive Young
Development (PYD)
S
R
TS
Parents
73,3%
26,6%
0,00%
73,3%
26,6%
0,00%
Coach
73,3%
26,6%
0,00%
93,3%
6,6%
0,00%
Parents
& Coach
73,3%
26,6%
0,00%
83,3%
16,6%
0,00%
Olympism
Information:
S: Agree; R: Doubt; TS: Disagree
Based on the writer's observations in the field during basketball training since 1997, there have been
many young athletes who were trained by the author
and no already working. If observed, the majority of
them can work both in government and private compa-
From the table above, it can be concluded 73.33%
of parents agree with the concept of basketball coaching
directed to the values of Olympism and positive young
development (PYD). But for trainer respondents, there
is a difference in the percentage of perception of the
concepts of Olympism values (73.33%) and positive
young development (PYD) (93.33%), this is due to the
trainer's understanding of Olympism values and positive young development. Then if combined the perception of parents and coach, it was found that 73.33%
agreed with the application of the Olympism concept
and 83.33% agreed with the application of the positive
young development values.
Some respondents answered doubtfully, both parents of athletes and coaches. The researcher's assumption for those who answer is doubt because they are still
achievement-oriented in coaching teenage athletes.
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CONCLUSION
Basketball is one of the sports that has a high degree of Olympism and positive young development, this
is proven by the values contained in the characteristics
of the game. A team will be great if there is a positive
interaction between team members, athletes with athletes, athletes with coaches, athletes with officials, and
coaches with officials. Even in basketball, the habit of
shaking hands is one of the symbols to uphold friendship. The inculcation of positive values in basketball
has been reflected in the rules of the game which almost
all of the articles are oriented towards respecting opponents and disciplining themselves so as not to violate
the rules of the game. Most parents and coaches agree
with the concept of adolescent basketball coaching oriented to the inculcation of the values of Olympism and
the values of positive young development.
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