muhammad ikbal illijas

Snakehead fish is an important freshwater fish in several developing countries, such as Vietnam, Malaysia, Bangladesh, and Indonesia. This fish has the potential to be cultivated. This study aimed to determine the feeding live feed strategy on snakehead fish, specifically from endogenous to exogenous live feed. This natural feeding transition is crucial for snakehead fish culture. The brood stock fish spawned naturally, and then the eggs were incubated and hatched in an aquarium. The newly hatched larvae were kept in an aquarium for two days before subjected to experiments. A total of 200 larvae were put into the aquarium and maintained without feeding. The mortality rate of larvae was calculated every hour until all larvae die. The second experiment was to calculate the amount of live feed Artemia salina consumed by larvae every day and identify the stage of the larva, where the consumption of live feed could be reduced and replaced with artificial food. All the experiment units were carried out with 3 replications. The results showed that the newly hatched larvae without being fed could survive up to 3 days, but after 10 days, the mortality reached 50%, and after 18 days, the mortality reached 100%. Consumption of live feed could be started on larvae aged 3 to 11 days after hatching, at age 12 to 17 days, larvae must be fed with a combination of live feed and artificial food with more amounts of live feed than artificial food, and at the age of 18 to 22 days after hatching the amount of live feed can be reduced, and the amount of artificial feed is increased. Therefore, the accuracy of feeding is a very important stage in aquaculture, especially in fish hatcheries.

Aims: The white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) larvae F1 is the dream of shrimp cultivators to be cultivated in ponds. This is because F1 larvae have fast growth, especially if the larvae have disease-free certification (specific pathogen-free, SPF). The purpose of this scientific paper is to evaluate strategies for feeding phytoplankton in larval rearing to increase the survival rate of shrimp larvae F1 of white shrimp.

A glycerolipid acyl-hydrolase was purified 19-fold with a yield of 11% from the prostaglandin-producing red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla by ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion-exchange chromatoraphy and gel filtration chromatography. Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the final preparation showed a single band corresponding to a molecular mass of 20 kDa, but Superdex 200 fast protein liquid chromatography exhibited a molecular mass of

The coastal waters of the Strait of Makassar are classified as a productive coastal area, in which there are mangrove ecosystems, seagrass beds and Spermonde coral reefs that play a crucial role in sustaining the economic life of coastal communities and food security. Our previous results have calculated the outflow of nutrient land to sea with nitrate concentrations ranging from 0.01-0.44 mg/L and phosphate 0.04-0.35 mg/L. This condition has caused coastal waters of permonde to be eutrophicated with the occurrence of mass death of several species of fish and the emergence of dangerous microalgae species. This study aims to calculate the current nutrient value in the area of ​​seaweed cultivation as a biological absorber. Based on the interim results, the decrease or absorption of nutrients by seaweed ranges from 0.08-1.55 mg/L-nitrate and 0.01-0.71 mg/L-phosphate.

Aims: The white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) larvae F1 is the dream of shrimp cultivators to be cultivated in ponds. This is because F1 larvae have fast growth, especially if the larvae have disease-free certification (specific pathogen-free, SPF). The purpose of this scientific paper is to evaluate strategies for feeding phytoplankton in larval rearing to increase the survival rate of shrimp larvae F1 of white shrimp. Place and Duration of Study: This research activity was carried out from November to December 2021 at the Shrimp Hatchery Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture Technology, Pankep State Polytechnic Agriculture. Methodology: The nauplii were obtained from the shrimp hatchery industry and then stocked in 2 units of tanks measuring 4m x 4m x 1.5m. Before stocking, the larvae were acclimatized to temperature (28°C) and salinity (30 ppt). The larvae were fed live feed (Skeletonema costatum) from the stage of Nauplii-6 to Mysis-2. In addition, the larvae were also fed artificia...

Snakehead fish is an important freshwater fish in several developing countries, such as Vietnam, Malaysia, Bangladesh, and Indonesia. This fish has the potential to be cultivated. This study aimed to determine the feeding live feed strategy on snakehead fish, specifically from endogenous to exogenous live feed. This natural feeding transition is crucial for snakehead fish culture. The brood stock fish spawned naturally, and then the eggs were incubated and hatched in an aquarium. The newly hatched larvae were kept in an aquarium for two days before subjected to experiments. A total of 200 larvae were put into the aquarium and maintained without feeding. The mortality rate of larvae was calculated every hour until all larvae die. The second experiment was to calculate the amount of live feed Artemia salina consumed by larvae every day and identify the stage of the larva, where the consumption of live feed could be reduced and replaced with artificial food. All the experiment units we...

A study on fatty acid compositions of individual polar lipids extracted from the brown seaweed Padina australis collected from Saugi Island of Pangkep District Indonesia has been conducted. Total lipids were extracted from the seaweed using chemical solvents of CHCl3/MeOH (2:1). ). The glycerolipid and phospholipid compounds were isolated from the total lipids using Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) with a mobile phase of CHCl3/MeOH/H2O/EtOAc/IPA (5:2:1:5:5). TLC conducted further purification of SQDG with a mobile phase of CHCl3/Acetone/MeOH/H2O/HOAc (10:6:2:1:2). The purified glycerolipids and phospholipids were then converted to methyl esters using 10% HCl in MeOH. The esterified glycerolipids and phospholipids were purified by silica column with eluted by solvents of hexane/diethyl ether (85:15 by vol). Analysis of the fatty acid methyl esters was carried out using a Shimadzu GC-14A gas chromatograph (Shimadzu) equipped with an Omegawax 320 column (30 m x 0.32 mm i.d., Supelco, PA, USA). The results showed that the dominant fatty acids found from the total lipid were the saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid (29.18 wt%), and arachidonic acid (23.10 wt%), whereas the dominant fatty acid found from free fatty acid fraction are palmitic acid (39.90 wt%) and oleic acid (21.3 wt%). The fatty acid compositions of individual polar lipids showed relatively similar except for MGDG
and PC, which accounted for high amounts of oleic acid (21.62 wt%) and arachidonic acid (23.10 wt%), respectively. The seaweed could be a natural source of essential fatty acid, especially MGDG and PC extracts for food supplement for human health.

The red seaweed G. vermiculophylla is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids with 20 carbon atoms, mainly arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid, which are precursors of prostaglandins (PGs). The present study aimed to elucidate the capability of the seaweed in releasing PGs using acetone powder as the crude enzyme. Crude enzyme was prepared using cold acetone. The crude enzyme was incubated with AA at different concentrations (0.1– 4 mg). For determination of PG contents, 5 µL of sample as the test solution corresponding to 0.2 g wet mass of the seaweed was injected into the HPLC. For mass spectrometer analysis, an HPLC system connected with mass spectrometer was used. Results of the study showed that t he released PGs from incubation of acetone powder and AA analyzed by HPLC consisted of PGE 2 , 15-keto-PGE 2 , 15-hydroperoxy-PGE 2 , PGA 2 , and AA while PGs detected by LC-MS were PGF 2α , PGE 2 , 15-keto-PGE 2 , 15-hydroperoxy-PGE 2 , and PGA 2 . The capability of the red a...

High content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids are typical for the red alga. Analysis of fatty acid composition and prostaglandin content was conducted in the red alga Gracilaria sp. from Indonesia. Total lipid of the alga was extracted with CHCl3-MeOH (2:1, v/v). Analysis of the fatty acids composition was performed on gas chromatography (GC) equipped with omega wax column (30 m x 0,32 mm i.d., Supelco, PA, USA) and analysis of prostaglandins were carried out by HPLC on ODS column (Mightysil RP-18 GP, 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The content of fatty acids high for were palmitic acid (50%) and arachidonic acid (26.9%), whereas prostaglandin E2 was identified and found lower concentration (44.2 μg/gram total lipid).