Mini Review
DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2024.57.008943
ISSN: 2574 -1241
Using Tai Chi, Qigong and Chinese Herbs to Reduce
Cholesterol: A Study Incorporating Artificial Intelligence
Robert W McGee*
Fayetteville State University, USA
*Corresponding author: Robert W McGee, Fayetteville State University, USA
ARTICLE INFO
Received:
Published:
June 04, 2024
June 14, 2024
Citation: Robert W McGee. Using
Tai Chi, Qigong and Chinese Herbs to
Reduce Cholesterol: A Study Incorporating Artificial Intelligence. Biomed
J Sci & Tech Res 57(1)-2024. BJSTR.
MS.ID.008943.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was two-fold, first, to see what kind of information artificial intelligence could
generate on a medical topic, and second, to generate useful medical information that could be of interest
to both the public and the medical professional. Microsoft Copilot was used to create brief essays on tai chi,
qigong and Chinese herbs and their use in attempting to reduce bad cholesterol. It was able to do so, and also
cited numerous publications on the targeted topic. The research was supplemented by using the PubMed
database to see what research had already been conducted on the use of tai chi, qigong and Chinese herbs
on the reduction of cholesterol. The methodology employed in the present study can also be used in other
studies, both medical and nonmedical, to generate useful information on a wide range of topics that can be
read by both professionals and the general reader. However, care must be taken if one attempts to act on the
information provided by artificial intelligence, since prior studies have found that the quality of information
provided by AI bots can sometimes be incorrect or incomplete. AI can be used as a tool of medical and other
research, but the human brain is still needed to check the accuracy of whatever information AI generates.
Although AI can be very useful in the preliminary stages of a research project, it should not be the only source
of information that is to be relied upon.
Keywords: Cholesterol; Herbs; Tai Chi; Qigong; Traditional Chinese Medicine; TCM; Artificial Intelligence; AI;
Copilot
Introduction
Artificial intelligence has been around for a long time. In recent
years its tools have become more widely available to the public. Microsoft Copilot [1] is currently one of the more popular tools of AI
that are easy enough to be used effectively by both scholars and
amateurs. Because of its widespread use and the ease with which it
can be utilized, I have decided to use it instead of any of the several
other available chatbots to illustrate how it can be used in medical
research. Scholars have started to incorporate the use of AI in their
medical research [2-57], and the results have been quite promising,
although one must beware of any results obtained using AI because
chatbots have not yet been developed to the point where they can be
totally relied upon to produce accurate, complete and truthful results
[58-60]. An earlier version of ChatGPT was found to have created
scholarly references out of thin air [61], and chatbots are not necessarily neutral. They have been known to engage in censorship or bi-
ases [62-71]. Thus, it is necessary for scholars to check the results of
any chatbot-produced research for accuracy. However, their use can
be very effective as a starting point for medical research, since using
them can alert researchers to some studies they would not otherwise
have known existed, and can even shift the focus of the research, as
scholars become exposed to existing research on their topic as well as
tangential research on related and closely connected topics. The present study focuses on how some tools of Traditional Chinese Medicine
(TCM) have been used to reduce cholesterol. The same methodology
can be used to obtain relevant information about a wide range of other medical subjects.
The Study
Three of the tools in the toolbox of Traditional Chinese Medicine
(TCM) are tai chi, qigong and Chinese herbs. Let’s see what Copilot has
to say about them. We will start by giving Copilot simple instructions.
Copyright@ : Robert W McGee | Biomed J Sci & Tech Res | BJSTR.MS.ID.008943.
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Instruction
How old is tai chi?
Reply
Tai Chi, also known as Taijiquan, is a martial art that has a rich
history dating back centuries. The exact age of Tai Chi is somewhat
debated, but it is generally accepted that Tai Chi originated in China
with roots that can be traced back to the 12th century [72]. It was
developed by a Taoist monk named Zhang San Feng and has evolved
over time, incorporating deep breathing, slow movements, and meditation into its practice [72]. The art form is deeply connected to Eastern philosophies and the concept of Taiji, which means “supreme ultimate,” reflecting the art’s encompassing nature of the universe and
the dynamic balance of opposites [73]. Tai Chi’s development over
the years has led to the creation of various styles, with most modern
styles tracing their lineage to the five traditional schools: Chen, Yang,
Wu (Hao), Wu, and Sun [74]. In 2020, Tai Chi was included in the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, highlighting
its global significance and enduring cultural value [74]. This recognition underscores art’s longstanding tradition and its continued relevance in modern times. Tai Chi remains a popular practice worldwide,
known for its health benefits and philosophical depth.
Author Comment
Copilot was able to provide a concise overview of the history of tai
chi. It also provided references for readers who would like to obtain
more information about the topic. It also gave one reference that it
did not cite specifically [75]. All the references given were on point,
which is not always the case. Copilot has been known to sometimes
cite sources that are not on point. Thus, it is necessary for scholars
to check the sources Copilot (and other chatbots) cites because the
accurate rate is currently less than 100 percent.
society: Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. These philosophies
deeply influenced the philosophy and practice of qigong, integrating
concepts of qi training as methods of moral training and meditative
cultivation [77]. Overall, while the documented history of qigong goes
back approximately 2,500 years, references to qigong-like techniques
have been found that date back at least 5,000 years [78]. This makes
qigong one of the oldest systems of exercise and meditation known
to humanity.
Author Comment
Again, Copilot was able to provide a brief history, which adequately informs readers of the basic origin of qigong. It also provided references (including links) so that those who are interested in learning
more can easily do so. It provided one additional reference that was
not cited in its brief essay [79].
Instruction
How long have the Chinese been using herbs to treat diseases and
other ailments?
Reply
Chinese herbal medicine has a history of about 2,200 years, although references to herbal remedies can be traced back even further.
Let’s explore this fascinating journey:
Instruction
How old is qigong?
Reply
Qigong, the Chinese practice of aligning breath, movement, and
awareness for exercise, healing, and martial arts training, has a rich
history that extends back more than 4,000 years. It is a complex accretion of various ancient Chinese practices with roots in traditional medicine, philosophy, and martial arts [76]. The earliest forms of
qigong can be traced back to ancient shamanic meditative practices
and gymnastic exercises. For example, archeological evidence, such
as a nearly 7,000-year-old Neolithic vessel, depicts a priest-shaman
in a posture indicative of early qigong practices [76]. Additionally,
the physical exercise chart unearthed from the 2nd-century BC burial
site at Mawangdui Han tombs in China shows daoyin exercises that
bear resemblance to modern qigong forms [76]. Qigong’s development was also influenced by the three pillars of traditional Chinese
Copyright@ : Robert W McGee | Biomed J Sci & Tech Res | BJSTR.MS.ID.008943.
1.
Ancient Origins:
•
The earliest known written record of Chinese medicine is
the Huangdi neijing (The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic) from
the 3rd century BCE [80]. This opus provided the theoretical concepts for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that remain the basis of its practice today.
•
Shamanic Practices: Even before recorded history, ancient
Chinese shamans practiced meditative techniques and used herbs
for healing.
•
Neolithic Evidence: Archeological findings, such as a nearly
7,000-year-old Neolithic vessel, depict a priest-shaman in a posture indicative of early qigong practices, which included herbal
elements [81].
2.
Development of Chinese Herbal Medicine:
•
Emperor Shen Nong: Around 2700 BCE, Emperor Shen
Nong, a legendary figure, is said to have tasted hundreds of herbs
to understand their properties and effects. His work laid the foundation for herbal medicine.
•
Classic Texts: The Classic of Changes (Yi Jing) and the Classic of Poetry (Shi Jing) contain some of the oldest medical writings on herbs, dating back to the early Zhou Dynasty or even earlier [82].
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•
Li Shizhen’s Compendium: In 1578, Li Shizhen published the
famous Bencao gangmu (Compendium of Materia Medica), listing
1,892 drugs and over 11,000 formal prescriptions for specific ailments. This comprehensive work remains influential in Chinese
herbalism [81].
3.
Principles of Chinese Herbal Medicine:
•
Holistic Approach: Unlike Western medicine, which often
focuses on symptoms or diseases, Chinese herbalists treat entire
human beings, considering patterns of symptoms.
•
Pattern Differentiation: Chinese herbal medicine emphasizes identifying a person’s unique collection of signs and symptoms. It doesn’t just treat diseases; it addresses patterns and patients.
•
Qi and Meridians: TCM recognizes the body’s qi (life force)
flowing through invisible meridians. Balancing this energy is crucial for health.
4.
Diverse Forms of Chinese Herbal Therapy:
•
Traditional Formulas: Herbalists use traditional formulas
with strictly designated roles. Some herbs address the primary
complaint, while others tackle secondary issues.
•
Custom Formulas: Most herbal formulas are customized
for each person based on their unique needs.
ing them suitable for a wide range of individuals looking to improve
their heart health [84,85]. While they may not significantly improve
aerobic fitness levels, the combination of physical movement, mental
focus, and breathing involved in tai chi and qigong offers a holistic
approach to well-being that can contribute to cardiovascular health
[83, 84]. It’s always recommended to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new exercise regimen, especially if you have
existing health conditions.
Author Comments
The short essay was sufficient to give the reader a basic understanding of the subject. It cited 3 references [83-85] and provided two
additional references [86,87]. I asked again, with a slightly different
question. I wanted to see if Copilot would give a different or more
detailed reply. It did.
Question
Do tai chi or qigong exercises reduce bad cholesterol?
Response
Certainly! Both tai chi and qigong have been associated with potential benefits for heart health, including the reduction of bad cholesterol (low-Density Lipoprotein or LDL). Let’s explore this further:
•
Administration: Chinese herbal therapy can take the form
of granules, capsules, teas, liquid extracts, or powders. In summary, Chinese herbal medicine has a rich history spanning thousands of years, blending ancient wisdom with modern practices
to promote health and balance. Remember to consult a qualified
practitioner before using any herbal remedies!
Author Comment
Again, Copilot has created an excellent summary aimed at the
general reader. It also provided references for further reading.
Instruction
Can tai chi or qigong exercises reduce cholesterol?
Reply
Yes, tai chi and qigong exercises can help reduce cholesterol levels. According to a study published in the Journal of the American
Heart Association, these forms of traditional Chinese exercises were
found to help lower high blood pressure and high cholesterol in people with cardiovascular disease [83]. The study reviewed 35 studies
including 2,249 participants and found that those who practiced tai
chi, qigong, and baduanjin experienced reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as small but meaningful reductions in
levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and triglycerides [83]. Moreover, these
exercises are gentle and can be adapted to various fitness levels, makCopyright@ : Robert W McGee | Biomed J Sci & Tech Res | BJSTR.MS.ID.008943.
1.
Tai Chi:
•
Tai chi is a traditional Chinese mind-body exercise that combines slow, flowing movements with deep breathing and mental
focus.
•
Research suggests that tai chi may help lower cholesterol
levels and dampen inflammation, both of which are linked to better heart health [88].
•
While the evidence for cholesterol reduction is not as robust
as for blood pressure improvement, tai chi remains a gentle and
accessible form of exercise that can benefit overall cardiovascular
health.
2.
Qigong:
•
Qigong is another ancient Chinese practice that involves
specific postures, gentle movements, breathing techniques, and
meditation.
•
A study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that qigong, along with other traditional Chinese
exercises, helped reduce high blood pressure and high cholesterol
in people with cardiovascular disease [89].
•
Participants in the Chinese exercise groups experienced significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (the top number)
and diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number). Additionally,
small but meaningful reductions occurred in LDL cholesterol and
triglycerides.
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•
Qigong is a versatile practice that can be done while walking, standing, or even sitting, making it suitable for people at various fitness levels.
3.
and some studies suggest potential benefits, they should be used
under the guidance of a healthcare professional, especially since
they can interact with other medications and may not be suitable
for everyone. Always consult with a healthcare provider before
starting any new treatment.
Baduanjin:
•
Baduanjin, also known as the Eight Brocades, is another
form of traditional Chinese exercise that combines movement,
breathing, and mental focus.
•
While not as well-studied as tai chi or qigong, baduanjin
shares similar principles and may offer similar benefits for heart
health. Remember that these exercises are gentle and low impact,
making them suitable for people of different ages and fitness levels. If you’re interested in reaping their benefits, consider incorporating tai chi, qigong, or baduanjin into your routine. Always
consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new
exercise program, especially if you have existing health conditions
[89,90].
Author Comments
Copilot delivered another good summary. This time it cited three
sources [88-90] and provided 4 additional references [91-94]. Chinese herbal medicines may also be used to reduce cholesterol. I was
curious to see what Copilot would decide to select on this question,
so I asked.
Author Comment
Copilot provided a brief introduction to the topic and cited four
sources [95-98]. It also listed one additional item for further reading
[99]. I wanted to see if Copilot could provide some additional details,
so I asked.
Instruction
Can you provide more details about the studies?
Reply
Certainly! Here are more details about some of the studies on Chinese herbal medicines for reducing cholesterol:
Instruction
What Chinese herbal medicines have been shown to reduce cholesterol? Give citations.
Reply
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) includes a variety of herbs
that have been studied for their potential to reduce cholesterol levels.
Here are some of the herbs that have been mentioned in research:
1.
He Shou Wu or Fo-Ti Root (Polygonum multiflorum):
This herb is considered a primary essence tonic in TCM and has
been suggested to have a lipid-lowering effect [95]1.
2.
Citrus Bergamot: Research indicates that Citrus Bergamot
may work similarly to statin drugs by inhibiting HMG-CoA, a precursor for cholesterol synthesis, and may reduce total cholesterol
and LDL while increasing HDL [96]2.
3.
Salvia Root (Dan Shen), Notoginseng Root (San Qi), and
Astragalus (Huang Qi): These herbs are commonly prescribed in
TCM for cholesterol support [97]3.
4.
Red Yeast Rice (Monascus purpureus), Jue Ming Zi (Semen cassia), Shan Zha (Crataegi Fructus), Zi Xie (Rhizoma
Alismatis), and Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhizae): These are
among the herbs used for cholesterol reduction in TCM [98]4.
It’s important to note that while these herbs are used in TCM
Copyright@ : Robert W McGee | Biomed J Sci & Tech Res | BJSTR.MS.ID.008943.
1.
Cochrane Review: A Cochrane review examined 22 randomized controlled trials involving 2130 participants to evaluate
the effects of various Chinese herbal formulations for treating
hypercholesterolemia. The review highlighted that some herbal
medicines might have cholesterol-lowering effects, but the evidence should be interpreted with caution due to the high or unclear risk of bias in the included trials [100].
2.
Therapeutic Potential: A study published in the journal
Environmental Science and Pollution Research discussed the
therapeutic potential of herbal medicine for managing hyperlipidemia. It emphasized the importance of medicinal plants and
their active phytoconstituents in regulating blood lipid levels and
suggested that Chinese herbal medicine and combination therapy
could be promising for lowering hyperlipidemia [101].
3.
Effects and Safety: Research published by Hindawi indicated that Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) interventions, compared
to placebo, reduced triglyceride levels and increased HDL cholesterol over a median of 12 weeks. The findings from meta-analyses
showed a significant effect of CHM on blood lipid profiles [102].
4.
Progress and Perspective: Another study from Hindawi
categorized Chinese herbs based on their effects on hyperlipidemia. Herbs were classified into categories such as clearing heat
and removing toxicity, promoting blood circulation and removing
blood stasis, eliminating dampness and phlegm, and tonifying
the energy of the body. The study provided a comprehensive list
of herbs and their potential effects on lipid profiles [103]. These
studies collectively suggest that Chinese herbal medicines have
potential in managing cholesterol levels, but further research is
needed to fully understand their efficacy and safety. It’s also important to consult with healthcare professionals before using any
herbal remedies, especially if you’re taking other medications.
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Author Comment
Copilot provided more detail as well as four citations. Next, I
wanted to ask if the herbs produced any side effects.
some herbs are commonly used and are considered to have a lower
risk of side effects when used appropriately:
1.
Hawthorn Berry (Shan Zha): Often used to support heart
health and may help manage cholesterol levels with minimal side
effects [108].
Instruction
Are there any side effects of these herbs?
2.
Red Yeast Rice (Monascus Purpureus): Contains compounds like statin medications and is frequently used for cholesterol management, but it should be used under supervision due to
potential liver enzyme elevation [109].
Reply
Common side effects associated with Chinese herbal medicines
can vary depending on the specific herb and the individual’s response
to it. However, some general side effects that have been reported include:
3.
Plant Sterols and Stanols: While not a traditional Chinese
herb, these substances are found in many plants and can help lower cholesterol levels. They are often added to foods and are available as supplements [110]. It’s crucial to consult with a healthcare
provider before starting any herbal regimen, especially for managing cholesterol, to ensure that it’s appropriate for your specific
health needs and doesn’t interfere with any medications you may
be taking. They can also provide guidance on proper dosages and
forms of the herbs to use. Remember, what is safe for one person
may not be safe for another, so personalized medical advice is always the best course of action.
•
Digestive Issues: Some individuals may experience nausea,
diarrhea, or constipation after taking certain Chinese herbs [104].
•
Allergic Reactions: Herbs can cause skin reactions, rashes, or more severe allergic responses such as trouble breathing
[105].
•
Headache and Dizziness: These are common side effects
that may occur with a variety of herbal supplements [105].
•
Heart-Related Issues: Certain herbs may cause heart palpitations or arrhythmias [106].
•
Interactions with Medications: Some herbs can interact
with prescription drugs, potentially leading to increased side
effects or decreased effectiveness of the medications [106]. It’s
important to note that while these side effects are possible, they
may not occur in everyone and can depend on dosage and individual health conditions. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new herbal treatment, especially if you
are currently taking other medications or have underlying health
conditions. They can provide guidance tailored to your specific
situation and help monitor for any adverse effects.
Author Comment
Copilot provided additional information as well as three citations
[104-106] and one additional reference [107]. Next, I wanted to learn
whether there are any herbs that are generally safe for cholesterol
management.
Instruction
Are there any herbs that are generally safe for cholesterol management?
Reply
When considering the safety of Chinese herbs for cholesterol
management, it’s important to understand that “generally safe” can
vary from person to person based on individual health conditions,
potential allergies, and interactions with other medications. However,
Author Comment
The copilot was able to provide an answer. It also gave four
citations [107-110] and two additional references [111-112]. Copilot
provided many articles and a few videos that were of general interest
and written in a style that a nonprofessional could easily understand.
It also cited a few medical studies that were aimed at professionals. I
wanted to see if I could find additional medical studies that were written in a more professional style and that were aimed at professionals,
so I went to the PubMed database [113] and conducted a search for
studies that included both cholesterol and tai chi in either the title or
abstract. I found several such studies, a sampling of which are listed
in the reference section [114-129]. Medical professionals who want
to find medical studies on cholesterol that have involved qigong or
Chinese herbal medicine can conduct similar searches.
Concluding Comments
The study was successful, in that it accomplished its mission. The
goal was to see whether Microsoft Copilot was able to generate information that would be useful to both the general reader and medical
professionals on the topic of cholesterol and how tai chi, qigong and
Chinese herbs may be used to reduce it. The methodology employed
in the present study can also be used in other studies, both medical
and nonmedical, to generate useful information on a wide range of
topics that can be read by both professionals and the general reader.
However, care must be taken if one attempts to act on the information
provided by artificial intelligence, since prior studies have found that
the quality of information provided by AI bots can sometimes be incorrect or incomplete. AI can be used as a tool of medical and other
Copyright@ : Robert W McGee | Biomed J Sci & Tech Res | BJSTR.MS.ID.008943.
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Volume 57- Issue 1
research, but the human brain is still needed to check the accuracy of
whatever information AI generates. Although AI can be very useful in
the preliminary stages of a research project, it should not be the only
source of information that is to be relied upon.
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56. McGee Robert W (2024) Incorporating Artificial Intelligence and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) into a Western Medical Practice: A Case
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39. McGee Robert W (2021) Tai Chi, Qigong and the Treatment of Cancer. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 34(5): 27173-27182.
57. McGee Robert W (2024) Using Chinese Herbal Medicine to Treat Cancer
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41. McGee Robert W (2021) Tai Chi, Qigong and the Treatment of Arthritis.
Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 37(5): 2972429734.
59. McGee Robert W (2023) Using ChatGPT and Bing Image Creator to Create
Images of Martial Artists: An Application of Artificial Intelligence to Create
Art.
40. McGee Robert W (2021) Tai Chi, Qigong and the Treatment of Depression
and Anxiety. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 36(2):
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42. McGee Robert W (2021) Tai Chi, Qigong and the Treatment of Hypertension. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 39(1): 3105531062.
43. McGee Robert W (2021) Ba Duan Jin and the Treatment of Illness in General, and Cognitive Impairment in Particular. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 40(2): 32058-32065.
44. McGee Robert W (2022) Qigong and the Treatment of Illness: Recent
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45. McGee Robert W (2022) A Suggestion for Treating Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
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46. McGee Robert W (2022) Using Tai Chi and Qigong to Treat Cancer Symptoms. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 45(2): 3633336336.
47. McGee Robert W (2022) Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Treatment
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48. McGee Robert W (2023) Recent Studies in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 50(4):
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49. McGee Robert W (2023) Some Beneficial Health Effects of Tai Chi and Qigong. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 52(3): 4381343817.
50. McGee Robert W (2023) Tai Chi, Qigong and the Treatment of Dementia, Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 53(5): 4508045085.
51. McGee Robert W (2024) Tai Chi, Qigong and the Treatment of Breast Cancer, Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 54(3): 4602446027.
52. McGee Robert W (2024) Using Artificial Intelligence to Conduct Research
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53. McGee Robert W (2024) Tai Chi, Qigong and the Treatment of Lung Cancer: A Study in Artificial Intelligence, Biomedical Journal of Scientific &
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58. McGee Robert W (2023) Using ChatGPT to Conduct Literature Searches:
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60. McGee Robert W (2023) Using Artificial Intelligence to Create Art: An Experimental Study Using Martial Arts Examples.
61. McGee Robert W (2023) Don’t Trust ChatGPT: A Case Study of a Defective
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62. McGee Robert W (2023) Is Chat GPT Biased against Conservatives? An
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63. McGee Robert W (2024) Are Chatbots Politically Biased? Four Case Studies.
64. McGee Robert W (2023) Is ESG a Bad Idea? The ChatGPT Response.
65. McGee Robert W (2023) Ethics Committees Can Be Unethical: The Chat
GPT Response.
66. McGee Robert W (2023) Is It Possible to Be an Affirmative Action Employer and an Equal Opportunity Employer at the Same Time? A ChatGPT
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67. McGee Robert W (2023) Gender Discrimination Arguments and Non Sequiturs: A ChatGPT Essay. 25: 1-8.
68. McGee Robert W (2023) Do Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) Violate
the Rights of Free Speech and Press? A Study of Artificial Intelligence and
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69. McGee Robert W (2023) Are Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) Policies
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70. McGee Robert W (2023) Comparing Gab’s AI Image Generator to Microsoft Bing’s Image Maker: An Experimental Study. p. 1-83.
71. McGee Robert W (2023) Sex, Politics and Artificial Intelligence: A Comparison of the Gabby and Bing Image Creators. Working Paper.
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