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General solicitation allows entrepreneurs and start ups to raise funding for their ventures from the Public. It is a key issue, to release dormant capital, and promote investment, employment, and trade. Ojijo@lawpronto.com. +25677100059
The report analyses ‘equity crowdfunding’, where individuals receive small stakes in a privately owned young business in return for investment.
This dissertation deals with the regulation of crowdfunding, with a focus on equity- based crowdfunding, with the objective to analyze its justifications, proportionality and legal barriers. Through literature review I draw a list of key regulatory risks and related interventions attached to crowdinvesting, concluding that main regulatory issues include information asymmetry, risks of platform failure, retail nature of investors, poor performance of projects or companies, conflicts of interest or data privacy. Conducted legal analysis of the EU financial markets regulation framework, as well as of several Member States, shows significant barriers to the market development, such as lack of clarity on investment services, unsuitable MiFID exemptions, lack of single passport for bespoke regulatory frameworks, lack of harmonization of prospectus requirements for low-value crowdinvesting offerings. Furthermore I undertake empirical research of the largest European equity-based crowdfunding platforms, showing a discrepancy in standards across these platforms. Key findings include lack of standards in conducting due diligence of companies, unclear regulatory positioning or status of the investment services actually provided by the platforms. In the final chapter, I present policy proposals including key elements of bespoke regulation. Finally, I find that optimal regulation of investment- based crowdfunding should recognize its unique risks, which warrants a specific proportionate regulation tailor-made to address crowdfunding as such.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR)
CROWDFUNDING IN INDIA: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY.2019 •
Crowdfunding is a method of acquiring project funding, by soliciting contributions from a large group of people typically via internet or through social networking websites like Facebook, Tumblr, LinkedIn, Twitter or crowdfunding websites (Ketto, Kikstarter, GoFundMe, Crowdriseetc). The website platform acts as a mediator between the Project Campaigner or Entrepreneur and crowd or investors in sourcing funds from the crowd at large. According to Statista Market forecast ?the Transaction Value in the Crowdfunding section totals up to US$6m in 2017. This Transaction Value is forecasted to show Compounded annual growth rate of 30.6 % by 2017-2022, which totals up to US$22m in 2022.On an average funding raised per venture in ?Crowdfunding? segment sums up to US$171.50 in 2017.When compared globally, it is seen that highest transaction value reached is US$ 4,920m in China in the year of 2017. In India crowdfunding is in nascent stage and evolving. It started in 2009 after 2008 financial crisis. It is gaining momentum and more people are taking interest in supporting start-ups, film industry, and community development activities by way of crowdfunding. The present study is an attempt to determine the awareness level and identify the factors leading to investments in crowdfunding. The study identified six factors which play a prominent role in the growth of crowdfunding.
Reading Religion, American Academy of Religion
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Penerapan Metode Certainty Factor Dan Naïve Bayes Untuk Mendiagnosa Penyakit Akibat Gigitan Nyamuk2020 •
Health is the main point for the expensive human life. However, many stakeholders ignore their health, which in the end the disease they suffer is too late to be diagnosed, thus reaching a chronic stage that makes it difficult to treat. Same is the case with mosquito bites. The poor behavior of stakeholders toward healthy living habits, especially littering in gutters or in rivers, causes mosquitoes to form colonies by making their nests and environment dirty, dirty and unsightly. The initial symptoms that often arise from the bite of a dengue mosquito, malaria and chikungunya are generally the same and difficult to distinguish. To overcome the above problems, it is necessary to build a system where the system can help stakeholders to diagnose diseases caused by mosquito bites on android. The research method used in this research is the Research and Development method, because the final result of this research is to produce a product in the form of an expert system application softw...
arXiv (Cornell University)
ROSETLineBot: One-Wheel-Drive Low-Cost Power Line Inspection Robot Design and Control2019 •
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