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Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de santé publique
Youth in custody have high-risk drug use and sexual behaviours. HIV prevalence in this population was assessed in British Columbia (BC) in 1994 but hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence has never been measured. We sought to determine: 1) the performance of the OraSure, a non-invasive device for oral mucosal transudate (OMT) specimen collection, to detect HCV and HIV antibodies; 2) the prevalence of HCV and HIV among youth in custody; and 3) the factors associated with intravenous drug use and sex for trade. OraSure was validated in 110 adults with known HIV and HCV sero-status. Nurses administered an anonymous survey and collected OMT samples from youth aged 14-19 years in BC youth custody centres. Antibody detection in OMT had 96.4% sensitivity for HIV and 94.6% for HCV. 417 youth were enrolled; 22% were female; 48% reported Aboriginal ethnicity. Although 98.3% reported ever using drugs, <8% reported injection drug use (IDU). IDU was independently associated with age of first sexua...
Canadian journal of public health. Revue canadienne de santé publique
Drug use and risk of bloodborne infections: A survey of female prisoners in British ColumbiaCadernos de Saúde Pública
Multiple infections and associated risk factors among non-injecting cocaine users in Argentina2008 •
Canadian journal of public health. Revue canadienne de santé publique
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a Northern Alberta populationTo describe the demographics and estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a cohort of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive patients in Northern Alberta. A cross-sectional (prevalence) study was performed on a cohort of HIV-positive patients. HCV testing was not widely available until December 1989, and the more sensitive, second generation immunoassay was not available until 1992. To reduce the effect of testing bias, we restricted consideration of HCV status to patients first seen January 1, 1992 onward. Forty-four percent of patients in the whole cohort were tested for HCV (564/1,276) and 62% (505/809) of patients entered since January 1, 1992 were tested for HCV. During the period January 1, 1992-December 31, 1999, the prevalence of HCV in our cohort of northern Alberta HIV-positive patients was at least 37.9% (307/809) and was 60.8% (307/505) among those who were tested for HCV in 1992 or later. The mean age of the co-infected group was 33.6 years, 66.1% were...
Clinical Microbiology and Infection
Prevalence of HCV and HIV antibodies and related risk factors among entrants to the main southeastern French prison1999 •
Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of HCV and HIV serologic markers and related factors among entrants to the main southeastern French prison.Methods: During the mandatory consultation at the STD clinic of the Marseilles Prison (HIV counseling, and syphilis/HIV screening), physicians also offered HCV serologic testing to each entrant. Inmates were interviewed face to face by a physician with a standardized questionnaire.Results: In total, 391 of 411 new inmates (89%) participated in the survey; 79% were male, 75% were aged 18–35 years, and 23% were injecting drug users (IDUs). Twenty per cent of the IDUs admitted that they had shared their injection equipment during the last 12 months. Of the 391 new inmates, 104 (27%) were HCV positive (91% among IDUs) but only 45 of 104 (43%) knew their seropositivity status; 23 of 389 (6%) were HIV positive (21% among IDUs).Conclusions: This survey underlines the high HCV and HIV seroprevalence among entrants to French prisons, especially injecting drug users, and the high proportion of inmates at risk for these infections as well. There is an urgent need for education and screening programs in prison and also in the at-risk free-living populations.
European Addiction Research
Sexually Transmitted Infections and Sexual Practices among Injecting Drug Users in Harm Reduction Centers in Catalonia2011 •
Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de santé publique
Prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis C infection (HCV) in a multi-site Canadian population of illicit opioid and other drug users (OPICAN)Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highly prevalent in illicit drug user populations, with three in four new HCV infections related to this risk behaviour and a growing HCV disease burden in Canada. Using data from a multi-site cohort study of illicit opioid users in five Canadian cities (OPICAN), this paper explores the prevalence and predictors of HCV status in this high-risk population. HCV status of cohort participants was assessed by salivary antibody test. Univariate relationships of HCV status with select variables were examined on the basis of cohort baseline data, and subsequently multivariate models using logistic regression to determine independent predictors of HCV status were generated. 54.6% of the analysis sample (n=482) was HCV positive. Significant differences in terms of HCV prevalence existed across the sites. Significant variables in the final stepwise logistic regression model included age, site (Toronto), unprotected sex, injecting drug use, drug treatment an...
Background: Social scientists are developing research methodologies grounded in the ways people living with HIV make meaning of their social worlds. ACB scholars have incorporated culturally responsive approaches to knowledge production, including performance-based methods that are reverential to emotive, embodied expression. Description: The Because She Cares study used poetic narrative inquiry to gather, interpret and share stories of work that resonated with ACB women participants’ (the Narrators) experiences of HIV-related employment. Informed by transnational feminist and decolonizing thought, this methodology draws upon ethnopoetics, performance methods, narrative research, and the poetic arts. Oral narratives were transcribed to integrate body language, paralanguage, and emotive expressions. Individual narratives were then interpreted for emotional, theoretical or political “resonance” and “re-told” using poetic devices (i.e., metaphor, repetition, rhythmic inflection) to embody the emotive resonance of the original telling and to evoke the theoretical and political relevance of the sharing. Lessons Learned: This process was non-linear, reflexive and dialogic: poems were reshaped through conversations between The Narrators and researcher, and from resulting reflections that arose during the interpretive process. Concerns about using poetic narrative inquiry include matters of confidentiality and anonymity, the tensions of authenticity, control and ownership, and the potentially painful emotional resonance of poetry. This method challenged the researcher to recognize her ethical responsibility to narrators and the broader ACB HIV communities represented in these poems. Conclusions: The researcher is currently working with ACB HIV communities to develop KTE activities (i.e., spoken word performance). Using arts-informed methodologies creates an opportunity to reflect critically on knowledge production in HIV research: who produces knowledge, what ways of knowing are valued, and what messages are conveyed through knowledge production and dissemination. These methods challenge researchers to consider creative ways to interpret, represent and share research knowledge such that it fosters discussion, reflection, contemplation, and action.
Revista panamericana de salud pública = Pan American journal of public health
Factors associated with hepatitis C seropositivity in people living with HIV2014 •
To identify risk factors associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) seropositivity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. A paired case-control study adjusted by age and gender was conducted. It included adults coinfected with HIV and HCV (cases) and HIV mono-infected subjects (controls) using non-probability sampling. Data were collected through interviews and review of medical records. The chi-square test was used for comparing categorical variables and the Student's t-test or Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney U) test for continuous variables. Confidence intervals (95%) were estimated along with crude and adjusted odds ratios using conditional logistic regression. A total of 165 patients were surveyed, including 55 cases and 110 controls. The mean age was 43.6 ± 8.4 years, ranging from 19 to 64 years; 70.9% were male. Independent risk factors for HIV/HCV coinfection were education (up to eight years of schooling); age at first intercourse < 15 years; having undergone ta...
Drug and alcohol dependence
Estimating the size of the population of persons who inject drugs in the island of Montréal, Canada, using a six-source capture-recapture model2014 •
Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S
Gender differences in HIV risk behaviours among intravenous drug users in Catalonia, SpainEnfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Factors associated with reported hepatitis C and HIV among injecting drug users in ten European cities2007 •
Open Forum Infectious Diseases
Comparison of Rapid Point-of-Care Tests for Detection of Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus2015 •
T. Rhodes, & D. Hedrich (Eds), Harm reduction: Evidence, impact and challenges (pp. 205-254). Luxembourg: EMCDDA Monographs, Publications Office of the European Union. (http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/monographs/harm-reduction)
The Fast and Furious: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Harm Reduction2000 •
Substance Use & Misuse
HIV Prevalence and Risk Among Heterosexual Methamphetamine Injectors in California2011 •
European journal of epidemiology
HCV status knowledge and risk behaviours amongst intravenous drug users2000 •
The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie médicale / AMMI Canada
Hepatitis C virus seroconversion among HIV-positive men who have sex with men with no history of injection drug use: Results from a clinical HIV cohortEnfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Hepatitis C virus infection and its relationship to certain sexual practices in men-who-have-sex-with-men in Spain: Results from the European MSM internet survey (EMIS)2014 •
BMC Public Health
Structural factors associated with an increased risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infection transmission among street-involved youth2009 •
Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal
HIV-related Risk Behaviors among a Sample of Men who have Sex with Men in Puerto Rico: An Overview of Substance Use and Sexual Practices2011 •
Canadian Journal of …
Increasing prevalence of cocaine as the primary detoxification diagnosis among admissions presenting with current intravenous drug use: A review of detoxification …2009 •
Epidemiology and Infection
Incidence and risk factors of HCV and HIV infections in a cohort of intravenous drug users in the North and East of France2004 •
Drug and Alcohol Review
Drug use patterns in the presence of crack in downtown Montréal2012 •
2012 •
International Journal of Drug Policy
Patterns of cocaine and opioid co-use and polyroutes of administration among street-based cocaine users in Montréal, Canada2013 •
Substance Use & Misuse
Incarceration, Addiction and Harm Reduction: Inmates Experience Injecting Drugs in Prison2005 •
Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy
Psychological distress increases needle sharing among cocaine users: results from the COSMO study.2014 •
2013 •
Substance Use & Misuse
Prevalence and Correlates of Former Injection Drug Use Among Young Noninjecting Heroin Users in Chicago2010 •
BMC Infectious Diseases
Seroepidemiology of viral hepatitis, HIV and herpes simplex type 2 in the household population aged 21-64 years in Puerto Rico2010 •
2010 •
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Injection drug users' experience with and attitudes toward methadone clinics in Denver, CO2011 •
Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de santé publique
Drug use prior to incarceration and associated socio-behavioural factors among males in a provincial correctional facility in Ontario, CanadaEastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de santé de la Méditerranée orientale = al-Majallah al-ṣiḥḥīyah li-sharq al-mutawassiṭ
Female spouses of injection drug users in Pakistan: a bridge population of the HIV epidemic?2011 •
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Trends in injection drug use behaviors over 10 years among street youth2007 •
Final Report. Adelaide: …
Using rapid assessment methodology to examine injecting drug use in an Aboriginal community1998 •
Journal of Urban Health-bulletin of The New York Academy of Medicine
Risk-taking behaviors among injecting drug users who obtain syringes from pharmacies, fixed sites, and mobile van needle exchanges2002 •
Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
Access and Utilization of HIV Treatment and Services Among Women Sex Workers in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside2005 •