While feedback is widely considered essential for second language (L2) writing development (Bitchener & Ferris, 2012), teachers may not always be able to provide their learners with immediate and frequent corrective feedback. Automated writing evaluation (AWE) systems can help respond to this challenge by providing L2 learners with written corrective feedback (WCF) instantaneously and as frequently as needed both inside and outside the ESL classroom. Proponents of the use of AWE systems argue that these systems can facilitate more writing practice, increase learner motivation and accuracy, and promote learner autonomy. Critics argue that AWE systems cannot give individualized feedback, are prone to errors, can diminish the role of the teacher, and warp students’ notions of good writing. As a compromise, it is recommended to use feedback from AWE systems to complement, rather than replace, teacher WCF. In this perspectives paper, we discuss the main benefits and drawbacks of using AW...

Dalam usaha memahami hadits secara benar sesuai dengan makna yang terkandung di dalamnya, maka perlu beberapa pendekatan untuk menjelaskan isi hadits tersebut. Tentunya hal ini bertujuan agar hadits tersebut dimaknai secara benar dan dapat diamalkan sesuai dengan isi yang ada di dalamnya. Seperti halnya Al-Qur'an, hadits juga tidak bisa hanya dipahami sekedar dengan menerjemahkanya saja, tetapi perlunya beberapa pendekatan agar hadits bisa terbuka secara luas maknanya salah satunya dengan pendekatan sejarah atau historisnya. Term yang ada di dalam hadits akan rancu apabila hanya dipahami melalui terjemahan katanya saja, sebab hal tersebut sudah tentu tidak relevan. Hal ini disebabkan ada beberapa hadits yang masih sulit dipahami atau bahkan diamalkan apabila hanya melihat dari segi terjemahanya saja. Diantaranya hadits tentang "Surga berada di bawah telapak kaki Ibu", maka akan dipahami surga letaknya atau keberadaanya di bawah telapak kaki ibu. Benarkah seperti itu memaknainya? Jawabanya tentu saja tidak. Nah, dari sinilah kita akan membahas beberapa pendekatan dalam memahami hadits agar sesuai dengan pesan yang ingin disampaikan kepada audiens agar dapat diamalkan kandunganya.

Aus den neohethitischen Staaten sind eine Vielzahl von Inschriften überliefert, die in mehreren Sprachen (Luwisch, Phönizisch, Aramäisch) und Schriften (Hieroglyphen, Alphabete) geschrieben sind. Dieser Artikel bietet einen Überblick über Sprachen, Schriften und Schriftdenkmäler der Neohethiter.

Among Slavic charms for children who suffer from insomnia, there are texts depicting mothers going out of their houses, carrying their babies while looking at the forest or a single tree and reciting a magic spell addressed to a mythological character, asking for the creature’s help in taking away the baby’s cries and restoring the baby’s sleep. One variation of such texts originates from a manuscript called Summa de confessionis discretione. This text was compiled in Latin by a monk named Rudolf, evidently in the middle of the thirteenth or the beginning of the fourteenth century. The fact that the magic spells for insomnia in children seem to have existed already in the thirteenth or fourteenth century, and that in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries they were widely spread on the broad territory where Eastern, Southern, and Western Slavs lived, testifies to the ancient origins of this type of magic spell.