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'Cayo Largo' en clave sociobiológica
'Cayo Largo' en clave sociobiológica
José Angel García LandaAnálisis sociobiológico de la película de John Huston 'Cayo Largo' (1948), con Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall y Edward G. Robinson, desde la perspectiva de la narratología y psicología evolucionistas. La sociobiología actual (siguiendo notablemente a E. O. Wilson) ha enfatizado la tensión entre el altruismo cooperativo y el egoísmo competitivo como clave para entender las características de la mentalidad humana. Esta interpretación de la película enfatiza la tensión dinámica entre los elementos egoístas y los altruistas para explicar tanto la identidad y comportamiento de los personajes en la trama, como la dinámica social más amplia del trasfondo histórico. English Abstract: A sociobiological analysis of John Huston's film 'Key Largo' (1948), with Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall and Edward G. Robinson, from the perspective of evolutionary psychology and narratology. Contemporary sociobiology (notably following E. O. Wilson) has emphasized the tension between cooperative altruism and selfish competitiveness as a characteristic of the human mind. This interpretation of the film emphasizes the dynamic tension between selfish and altruist elements in order to explain both the characters' identity and behaviour in the plot, and the wider social dynamics of the historical background. Note: Downloadable document is in Spanish. Number of Pages in PDF File: 8 Keywords: Altruism, Selfishness, Sociobiology, John Huston, Film, Evolutionary narratology, Motives, Psychology, Narratology
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The debate about the credentials of sociobiology has persisted because scholars have failed to distinguish the varieties of sociobiology and because too little attention has been paid to the details of the arguments that are supposed to support the provocative claims about human social behavior. I seek to remedy both deficiencies. After analysis of the relationships among different kinds of sociobiology and contemporary evolutionary theory, I attempt to show how some of the studies of the behavior of nonhuman animals meet the methodological standards appropriate to evolutionary research. I contend that the efforts of E. O. Wilson, Richard Alexander, Charles Lumsden, and others to generate conclusions about human nature are flawed, both because they apply evolutionary ideas in an unrigorous fashion and because they use dubious assumptions to connect their evolutionary analyses with their conclusions. This contention rests on analyses of many of the major sociobiological proposals abo...
in: De Anna, Willing the Good, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2012, pp. 126-147, Nov 2012
Altruism, Egoism and Altruism again: How to properly reduce human ethics?2012 •
"This paper exams the shift from optimism to pessimism (and lately back to optimism) about a reconciliation of ethics and evolution. The different options relate to different paradigms of evolutionary biology: Simply put, early biology, from Darwin to the school of ethology, tends to emphasise a possible harmony between nature and ethics: strong social instincts and cooperation are necessary for the survival of the group. Given natural selection and the progress of culture, virtue might likely be triumphant, as Darwin already claims (first section). Sociobiology and the selfish-gene theory emphasise however a deep rooted conflict between nature and ethics: selfishness is the only possible sustainable strategy in evolutionary competition (second section). This change of tone is related to a change from individual or group selection to gene selection. I want to argue that the paradigmatic shift about the ‘unit of selection’ in Sociobiology a) in fact might solve some of the notorious problems of the evolution of altruism in a Darwinian framework, but b) it does so by a misunderstanding concerning what should be conceptually labelled ‘selfishness’, and therefore c) this opens the door to a better re-interpretation of Dawkins’ insight in such a way that the resulting position is strikingly similar to Darwin’s optimism. Hence, rather than either re-invoking group selection as the only means to defend optimism about human nature, or stressing the gap between animals and humans in a dualistic fashion, a third possibility can be proposed: an option that does not fall into the simple trap of the dichotomy between ‘egoistic’ nature and ‘altruistic ethics’ (third section) "
Since the brave attempts to bring Biology to the center of the social sciences discourse, by Edward Wilson and Richard Dawkins with their books Sociobiology and The Selfish Gene, more than forty years ago, Biology has gained recognition as one of the, if not the, main area in the search for human behavior understanding. Disciplines such as behavioral genetics, cognitive neuroscience, and evolutionary psychology among others have been brought to the center of the spectacle in the quest for the understanding of the mind and the influence of those areas is growing every day. Within this perspective this article brings attention to how the problem of understanding human altruism could be better comprehended with the addition of the information brought by the biological disciplines involved in the understanding of human behavior.
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