Lo Gorton
Lund University, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Faculty Member
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Efficient direct electron transfer (DET) between cellobiose dehydrogenase from Corynascus thermophilus (CtCDH) and a novel gold electrode platform, obtained by covalent linking of green AuNPs and AgNPs modified with a dithiol... more
Efficient direct electron transfer (DET) between cellobiose dehydrogenase from Corynascus thermophilus (CtCDH) and a novel gold electrode platform, obtained by covalent linking of green AuNPs and AgNPs modified with a dithiol self-assembled monolayer, consisting of biphenyl-4,4'-dithiol (BPDT), was presented. The green AuNPs and AgNPs were synthesized using quercetin as reducing agent at room temperature. TEM experiments showed that the AuNPs and AgNPs were circular in shape with an average diameter of 5 and 8nm, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry of CtCDH immobilized onto the AuNPs/BPDT/AuE and the AgNPs/BPDT/AuE electrode platforms were carried out and compared with naked AuE, BPDT/AuE, AuNPs/AuE, and AgNPs/AuE. A pair of well-defined redox waves in neutral pH solution due to efficient DET of CtCDH was present with both MNPs/BPDT/AuE platforms. No DET communication was found with platforms without MNPs linked to BPDT. The apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants (kS) of CtCDH were calculated to be 21.5±0.8s-1 and 10.3±0.7s-1, for the AuNPs/BPDT/AuE and the AgNPs/BPDT/AuE platforms, respectively. The modified electrodes were successively used to develop an eco-friendly biosensor for lactose detection. The CtCDH/AuNPs/BPDT/AuE based biosensor showed the best analytical performances with an excellent stability, a detection limit of 3µM, a linear range between 5 and 400µM and a sensitivity of 27.5±2.5µAcm-2mM-1. Such performances were favorably compared with other lactose biosensors reported in literature. The biosensor was successively tested to quantify lactose content in real milk and cream samples. No significant interference present in the sample matrices was observed.
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An electrochemical method for the measurement of NAD(+) and NADH in normal and cancer tissues using flow injection analysis (FIA) is reported. Reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) electrodes with entrapped l-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and a... more
An electrochemical method for the measurement of NAD(+) and NADH in normal and cancer tissues using flow injection analysis (FIA) is reported. Reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) electrodes with entrapped l-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and a new redox polymer containing covalently bound toluidine blue O (TBO) were employed for this purpose. Both NAD(+) and NADH were estimated coulometrically based on their reaction with LDH. The latter was immobilized on controlled pore glass (CPG) by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde and packed within the RVC. The concentrations of NAD(+) and NADH in the tissues, estimated using different electron mediators such as ferricyanide (FCN), meldola blue (MB) and TBO have also been compared. The effects of flow rate, pH, applied potential (versus Ag/AgCl reference) and adsorption of the mediators have also been investigated. Based on the measurements of NAD(+) and NADH in normal and cancer tissues it has been concluded that the NADH concentration is lower, while the NAD(+) concentration is higher in cancer tissues. Amongst the electron mediators TBO was found to be a more stable mediator for such measurements.
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Research Interests: Engineering, Materials Science, Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Catalysis, and 15 moreNanoparticle, Medicine, Biological Sciences, Electron Transfer, Gold Nanoparticles, Membrane, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, DDC, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Cellobiose dehydrogenase, Direct Electron Transfer, Amperometric biosensor, Rotating Disk, Electrode, and Nanoparticle Shape
Biological photovoltaics (BPVs) are emerging as a potential sustainable energy‐generating technology to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Although a great variety of photosynthetic biomaterials were studied in BPVs,... more
Biological photovoltaics (BPVs) are emerging as a potential sustainable energy‐generating technology to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Although a great variety of photosynthetic biomaterials were studied in BPVs, cyanobacteria are considered as superior candidates because of their simpler physiology. To facilitate extracellular electron transfer (EET) from cyanobacteria to electrodes is the greatest challenge to improving the performance of BPVs. However, a systematic study comparing the photo‐excited EET from such organisms is not yet reported. Here we report on a comparison of photocurrent density generated by benthic cyanobacteria, that is, two species of Leptolyngbya sp. (CAWBG62 and CAWBG100), one species from the order Chroococcales (CAWBG64), and a eukaryotic algae, Paulschulzia pseudovolvox (UKE). This algae and CAWBG100 were sourced from New Zealand, CAWBG62 and CAWBG64 were from Antarctica. We demonstrate EET mediated by three different electron transfer (ET)...
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Here for the first time, we detail self-contained (wireless and self-powered) biodevices with wireless signal transmission. Specifically, we demonstrate the operation of self-sustained carbohydrate and oxygen sensitive biodevices,... more
Here for the first time, we detail self-contained (wireless and self-powered) biodevices with wireless signal transmission. Specifically, we demonstrate the operation of self-sustained carbohydrate and oxygen sensitive biodevices, consisting of a wireless electronic unit, radio transmitter and separate sensing bioelectrodes, supplied with electrical energy from a combined multi-enzyme fuel cell generating sufficient current at required voltage to power the electronics. A carbohydrate/oxygen enzymatic fuel cell was assembled by comparing the performance of a range of different bioelectrodes followed by selection of the most suitable, stable combination. Carbohydrates (viz. lactose for the demonstration) and oxygen were also chosen as bioanalytes, being important biomarkers, to demonstrate the operation of the self-contained biosensing device, employing enzyme-modified bioelectrodes to enable the actual sensing. A wireless electronic unit, consisting of a micropotentiostat, an energy ...
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Objective: Electrochemical sensors for glucose monitoring employ different signal transduction strategies for electron transfer from the biorecognition element to the electrode surface. We present a biosensor that employs direct electron... more
Objective: Electrochemical sensors for glucose monitoring employ different signal transduction strategies for electron transfer from the biorecognition element to the electrode surface. We present a biosensor that employs direct electron transfer and evaluate its response to various interfering substances known to affect glucose biosensors. Methods: The enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) was adsorbed on the surface of a carbon working electrode and covalently bound by cross linking. The response of CDH-modified electrodes to glucose and possible interfering compounds was measured by flow-injection analysis, linear sweep, and chronoamperometry. Results: Chronoamperometry showed initial swelling/wetting of the electrode. After stabilization, the signal was stable and a sensitivity of 0.21 μA mM−1 cm−2 was obtained. To investigate the influence of the interfering substances on the biorecognition element, the simplest possible sensor architecture was used. The biosensor showed little...
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Research Interests: Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Biosensors, Electrochemistry, and 15 moreKinetics, Nanotechnology, Medicine, Electron Transfer, Oxidoreductases, Electron Transport, Enzyme, Steady state, Spectrum, Reproducibility of Results, BioSensors, Sensitivity and Specificity, Electrode, Redox, and Biosensing Techniques
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Research Interests: Engineering, Chemistry, Medicine, Aspergillus, Biological Sciences, and 15 moreGlucose, Graphite, Biosensor, Analytical, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Biofuel Cell, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Cellobiose dehydrogenase, Direct Electron Transfer, Amperometric Biosensors, Biosensing Techniques, Glucose Oxidase, Catalytic oxidation, Glucose Biosensor, and FAD
Research Interests: Engineering, Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Biosensors, Nanomaterials, and 15 moreFungi, Medicine, Biological Sciences, Humans, Electron Transfer, Animals, Biosensor, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, CARBOHYDRATES, BioSensors, Cellobiose dehydrogenase, Electrodes, Catecholamines, Biosensing Techniques, and Cellobiose
A comparison has been made on the performance of different oligosaccharide dehydrogenase (ODH) modified electrodes as sensors for the detection of a series of mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides. Monomeric benzoquinone (BQ) or poly(ether... more
A comparison has been made on the performance of different oligosaccharide dehydrogenase (ODH) modified electrodes as sensors for the detection of a series of mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides. Monomeric benzoquinone (BQ) or poly(ether amine benzoquinone), PEAQ, as electron transfer mediators were used for the preparation of the electrodes. Four sensor configurations operating in the flow injection mode were studied: (i)
Research Interests: Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Chromatography, Electrochemistry, and 15 moreElectroanalysis, Dopamine, Flow Injection Analysis, Insulin, Epinephrine, Electron Transfer, Levodopa, Glassy Carbon, Annona, Analyst, Flow Rate, Electrode, Electrical And Electronic Engineering, Biosensing Techniques, and Amperometry
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Research Interests: Engineering, Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Technology, Chromatography, and 15 moreMass Spectrometry, Medicine, Cellulose, Cellulase, Biological Sciences, Enzymes, Refractive Index, Enzyme, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, High performance, Carboxymethylcellulose, CARBOHYDRATES, Hydrolysis, Size Exclusion Chromatography, and Enzymatic hydrolysis
Research Interests: Computer Science, Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Biosensors, Medicine, and 11 moreSensors, Electron Transfer, Biosensor, Dehydrogenase, Biofuel cells, Biochemistry and molecular biology, BioSensors, Cellobiose dehydrogenase, Direct Electron Transfer, Redox, and Electrical And Electronic Engineering
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Research Interests: Computer Science, Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Electrodeposition, Medicine, and 12 moreSensors, Electron Transfer, Gold Nanoparticles, Biosensor, Glassy Carbon, Cellobiose dehydrogenase, Electrode, Electrical And Electronic Engineering, Colloidal Gold, Cellobiose, glutaraldehyde, and Glucose Biosensor
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Ulvophyceae macroalgae have been studied as new efficient self-sustainable biological photovoltaic anodes in the presence and absence of redox mediators.
In the last decades, nanotechnology has played a key role in the electrochemical biosensor development based on the mediated and direct electrochemical communication between the biorecognition elements and the electrode surface. In... more
In the last decades, nanotechnology has played a key role in the electrochemical biosensor development based on the mediated and direct electrochemical communication between the biorecognition elements and the electrode surface. In particular, graphene and 2D-like nanomaterials (e.g., boron nitride nanosheets, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets, and various transition metal dichalcogenides) have attracted an increasing interest due to their peculiar properties such as high specific surface area and the ease of biofunctionalization. Moreover, in the last few years, the successful integration of graphene and 2D-like nanomaterials with other nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, or quantum dots has dramatically increased the opportunities to develop novel electrochemical biosensors with highly enhanced performances, mainly due to the synergistic effects.In this chapter, we would like to give the state of art of graphene and 2D-like nanomaterials employment for electrochemical biosensors development, by critically discussing the advantages and drawbacks. Successively, the discussion should be separately addressed to three different cases: (1) redox enzyme immobilization, (2) antibody immobilization, and (3) DNA/aptamer immobilization. Finally, we should critically define for which cases graphene and 2D-like nanomaterials are the most suitable electrochemical platform, within some conclusion remarks and future perspectives of both kinds of nanomaterials.
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In this paper we report on a facile, cost effective and environmental friendly green synthesis method of gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) by using quercetin as reducing agent. The obtained NPs were characterized by transmission... more
In this paper we report on a facile, cost effective and environmental friendly green synthesis method of gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) by using quercetin as reducing agent. The obtained NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and UV‐Vis spectroscopy and parameters such as pH, ionic strength and temperature, effectively affecting shape and size of NPs, have been carefully studied and optimized. The obtained results showed that the synthesized NPs were circular in shape with an average diameter of 5 and 8 nm for the AuNPs and the AgNPs, respectively. The “green” NPs, showing increased electroactive areas (AEA) and electronic transfer rate constants (k0), were successively used to fabricate a novel third generation lactose biosensor based on cellobiose dehydrogenase from Trametes villosa (TvCDH). The TvCDH/AuNPs based lactose biosensor revealed the best results showing very efficient DE...
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Graphene's success has stimulated great interest and research in the synthesis and characterization of graphene-like 2D materials, single and... more
Graphene's success has stimulated great interest and research in the synthesis and characterization of graphene-like 2D materials, single and few-atom-thick layers of van der Waals materials, which show fascinating and technologically useful properties. This review presents an overview of recent electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on graphene and on graphene-like 2D materials for biomarkers detection. Initially, we will outline different electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on chemically derived graphene, including graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, properly functionalized for improved performances and we will discuss the various strategies to prepare graphene modified electrodes. Successively, we present electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on graphene-like 2D materials, such as boron nitride (BN), graphite-carbon nitride (g-C3N4), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), transition metal oxides and graphane, outlining how the new modified 2D nanomaterials will improve the electrochemical performances. Finally, we will compare the results obtained with different sensors and biosensors for the detection of important biomarkers such as glucose, hydrogen peroxide and cancer biomarkers and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the use of graphene and graphene-like 2D materials in different sensing platforms.
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Research Interests: Chemistry, Bioelectrochemistry, Electrochemistry, Cyclic Voltammetry, Medicine, and 14 moreMetal Nanoparticles, Porosity, Glucose, Gold, Biosensor, Scanning Electron Microscope, Electroplating, Electrodes, Electrode, Oxidation-Reduction, Biosensing Techniques, Amperometry, Biochemistry and cell biology, and Glucose Oxidase
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Studies on biological photovoltaics based on intact organisms are challenging and in most cases include diffusing mediators to facilitate electrochemical communication with electrodes. However, using such mediators is impractical.... more
Studies on biological photovoltaics based on intact organisms are challenging and in most cases include diffusing mediators to facilitate electrochemical communication with electrodes. However, using such mediators is impractical. Instead, surface confined Os‐polymers have been successfully used in electrochemical studies including oxidoreductases and bacterial cells but not with algae. Photoelectrogenic activity of a green alga, Paulschulzia pseudovolvox, immobilized on graphite or Os‐polymer modified graphite is demonstrated. Direct electron transfer is revealed, when no mediator is added, between algae and electrodes with electrons emerging from photolysis of water via the cells to the electrode exhibiting a photocurrent density of 0.02 μA cm−2. Os‐polymers with different redox potentials and structures are used to optimize the energy gap between the photosynthetic complexes of the cells and the Os‐polymers and those of greater solubility, better accessibility with membranes, and...
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Here the feasibility of layers based on the conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI) as component of glucose biosensors using glucose oxidase (GOx) as enzyme and [Os(bpy)2(4‐aminomethylpyridine)Cl]PF6 (OsCmplx) as electrochemical mediator,... more
Here the feasibility of layers based on the conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI) as component of glucose biosensors using glucose oxidase (GOx) as enzyme and [Os(bpy)2(4‐aminomethylpyridine)Cl]PF6 (OsCmplx) as electrochemical mediator, is evaluated. Particularly, PANI was employed to obtain a nanostructured macroporous material (m‐PANI) around polystyrene nanoparticles taken as template and the mediator was co‐immobilized during the polymerizing procedure. The GOx biosensor based on OsCmplx modified m‐PANI provides a linear response to glucose concentration in the range 5 up to 65 mM with a sensitivity of 3.54 µA/mM/cm2 (on a projected geometric area=0.07 cm2), an LOD of 0.8 mM and a good precision (%RSD≤7, n=5); the biosensor is stable showing a decrease of 10% to the value of the sensitivity after 15 days of use and of about 50% after 40 days.
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Research Interests: Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Biosensors, Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry, and 15 moreFlow Injection Analysis, Biosensor, Enzyme, Hydrogen Peroxide, Invertase, Prussian Blue, Glassy Carbon, BioSensors, Electrochemical Deposition, Bovine Serum Albumin, Modified Electrode, Linear System and Response, Amperometry, Glucose Oxidase, and glutaraldehyde
Abstract: Two cyclomaltodextrinases (CDase) of thermophilic origin were investigated for their action on cyclodextrins. Although most CDases known today are made up of at least homodimers, one of the enzymes studied was shown to be a... more
Abstract: Two cyclomaltodextrinases (CDase) of thermophilic origin were investigated for their action on cyclodextrins. Although most CDases known today are made up of at least homodimers, one of the enzymes studied was shown to be a monomer in solution, while ...