SAM

Robert Johnson
Cross Road Blues lyrics
By Robert Johnson
Recording of November 27, 1936
San Antonio, Texas

I went to the crossroad, fell down on my knees
I went to the crossroad, fell down on my knees
Asked the lord above "Have mercy, save poor Bob, if you please"
Mmmmm, standin' at the crossroad, i tried to flag a ride
Standin' at the crossroad, i tried to flag a ride
Didn't nobody semm to know me, everybody pass me by
Mmmm, the sun goin' down, boy, dark gon' catch me here
Oooo, eeee, boy, dark gon' catch me here
I haven't got no lovin' sweet woman that love and feel my care
You can run, you can run, tell my friend-boy Willie Brown
You can run, tell my friend-boy Willie Brown
Lord i'm standin' at the crossroad, babe, i believe i'm sinkin' down

Plant acclimation to stress is associated with profound changes in proteome composition. Since proteins are directly involved in plant stress response, proteomics studies can significantly contribute to unravel the possible relationships between protein abundance and plant stress acclimation. In this review, proteomics studies dealing with plant response to a broad range of abiotic stress factors — cold, heat, drought, waterlogging, salinity, ozone treatment, hypoxia and anoxia, herbicide treatments, inadequate or excessive light conditions, disbalances in mineral nutrition, enhanced concentrations of heavy metals, radioactivity and mechanical wounding are discussed. Most studies have been carried out on model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and rice due to large protein sequence databases available; however, the variety of plant species used for proteomics analyses is rapidly increasing. Protein response pathways shared by different plant species under various stress conditions (glycolytic pathway, enzymes of ascorbate–glutathione cycle, accumulation of LEA proteins) as well as pathways unique to a given stress are discussed. Results from proteomics studies are interpreted with respect to physiological factors determining plant stress response. In conclusion, examples of application of proteomics studies in search for protein markers underlying phenotypic variation in physiological parameters associated with plant stress tolerance are given.

The way in which organisms detect specific volatile compounds within their environment, and the associated neural processing which produces perception and subsequent behavioural responses, have been of interest to scientists for decades. Initially, most olfaction research was conducted using electrophysiological techniques on whole animals. However, the discovery of genes encoding the family of human olfactory receptors (ORs) paved the way for the development of a range of cellular assays, primarily used to deorphan ORs from mammals and insects. These assays have greatly advanced our knowledge of the molecular basis of olfaction, however, while there is currently good agreement on vertebrate and nematode olfactory signalling cascades, debate still surrounds the signalling mechanisms in insects. The inherent specificity and sensitivity of ORs makes them prime candidates as biological detectors of volatile ligands within biosensor devices, which have many potential applications. In the previous decade, researchers have investigated various technologies for transducing OR:ligand interactions into a readable format and thereby produce an olfactory biosensor (or bioelectronic nose) that maintains the discriminating power of the ORs in vivo. Here we review and compare the molecular mechanisms of olfaction in vertebrates and invertebrates, and also summarise the assay technologies utilising sub-tissue level sensing elements (cells and cell extracts), which have been applied to OR deorphanisation and biosensor research. Although there are currently no commercial, “field-ready” olfactory biosensors of the kind discussed here, there have been several technological proof-of-concept studies suggesting that we will see their emergence within the next decade.▶ Discovery of olfactory receptor (OR) genes facilitated novel cellular assays used to deorphan ORs. ▶ There is agreement on vertebrate olfactory signalling but debate surrounds signalling in insects. ▶ Here we review and compare the molecular mechanisms of olfaction in vertebrates and invertebrates. ▶ We also summarise assay technologies applied to OR deorphanisation and biosensor research. ▶ Proof-of-concept studies suggest that commercial olfactory biosensors will soon appear.

Subject review The mechanisms are systems of moving parts that perform some function. One of their main advantages is converting the input forces and movements into a desired set of output forces and movements. The mechanism movement simulation is described in this paper. The solution includes calculation of velocities, accelerations and overall performance analysis. Numerical simulation of model mechanism was performed in the software package SAM. The velocities optimal for the drive element and the initial position of mechanism were given for initial conditions. All velocities and accelerations of mechanism points in this position were calculated. Results of computer simulation were compared with the results obtained by vector method. By comparison of the results it was found that the deviations were small, therefore it was concluded that the simulation was successfully performed.

Scanning acoustic microscopy is currently being used routinely for both imaging materials for qualitative examination as well as for measuring elastic properties in localized areas. This paper details the principles of this technique, the origin of the acoustic contrast, and its applications.

Abstract ‐ Biometric recognition offers a reliable and natural solution to the problem,of user authenti- cation by means of her physical and behavioral traits. An iris template protection scheme which associates and,retrieves a secret value with a high level of security, is proposed. The security is guaranteed thanks to the requirements of fuzzy extractors. The implemen- tation of the scheme is done in Java and experimental results are performed to calculate its False Acceptance Rate and its False Rejection Rate. Keywords: Cancelable biometrics, Fuzzy extractor,

Reachability guidance is a new concept developed from a combination of robot and missile guidance using shortest path techniques. It has been developed to improve mid-course guidance in medium range tactical, missile to missile, engagements. This paper considers the limitations of a range of missile guidance genres in solving challenging missile to missile engagements and identifies that the ability of the missile to reach the target is a common area of uncertainty. Using the SAM versus supersonic sea-skimming ASM problem as an illustrative example, a novel technique which employs the earliest intercept line (EIL) to facilitate reachability ('R') guidance is introduced.

The atmospheric circulation patterns in the Southern Hemisphere have had a significant impact on the climate of the Antarctic and there is much evidence that these circulation patterns have changed in the recent past. This change is thought to have contributed to the warming trend observed at the Antarctic Peninsula over the last 50 years—one of the largest trends observed in this period on the planet. The trends associated with the continental Antarctic climate are less clear but are likely to be impacted less directly by atmospheric circulation changes. The circulation changes can be put into the context of longer timescales by considering atmospheric circulation reconstructions that have been performed using data from Antarctic ice cores. In this review paper we look at the main body of work examining: Antarctic climate trends; the understanding and impact of atmospheric circulation of the mid- to high-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere; and the usefulness and reliability of atmospheric circulation reconstructions from Antarctic ice core data. Finally, beyond several of the more quantitative reconstructions, it is deemed that an assessment of their consistency is not possible due to the variety of circulation characteristics that the various reconstructions consider.

Streptomyces tendae Tü 4042 produces the aromatic polyketide antibiotic lysolipin. Lysolipin has strong antibacterial activity against a variety of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The complete lysolipin biosynthetic gene cluster was isolated and fully sequenced. Within a 42-kb genomic region, 42 genes were identified that code for a type II polyketide synthase (llpF, E, and D), cyclases (llpCI–CIII), methyltransferases (llpMI–MVI), a halogenase (llpH), an amidotransferase (llpA), a ferredoxin (llpK), a transporter (llpN) and regulatory proteins (llpRI–RV). In addition, 15 genes encoding enzymes involved in redox modifications of the polyketide precursor molecule (llpOI–OVIII, ZI–ZIV, U, L, and S) were present in the lysolipin biosynthetic gene cluster. With this high number of oxidoreductases, lysolipin is among the most highly modified aromatic polyketides known to date. The heterologous expression of the cluster in Streptomyces albus led to lysolipin production with a yield comparable to that of wild-type, indicating that all biosynthetic genes were successfully cloned.